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*----------------------------------------------------------* |PROGRAM NAME: PATIENTS.SAS IN C:\CLEANING | |PURPOSE: TO CREATE A SAS DATA SET CALLED PATIENTS | *----------------------------------------------------------*; LIBNAME CLEAN "C:\CLEANING"; DATA CLEAN.PATIENTS; INFILE "C:\CLEANING\PATIENTS.TXT" PAD; /* Pad short records with blanks */ INPUT @1 @5 @15 @18 @21 @24 @27 PATNO VISIT HR SBP DBP DX AE $3. @4 GENDER MMDDYY10. 3. 3. 3. $3. $1.; $1.

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= "Patient Number" = "Gender" = "Visit Date" = "Heart Rate" = "Systolic Blood Pressure" = "Diastolic Blood Pressure" = "Diagnosis Code" = "Adverse Event?"; MMDDYY10.;

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PROC FREQ DATA=CLEAN.PATIENTS; TITLE "Frequency Counts for Selected Character Variables"; TABLES GENDER DX AE / NOCUM NOPERCENT; RUN;

Chapter 1

Checking Values of Character Variables

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Frequency Counts for Selected Character Variables The FREQ Procedure Gender GENDER Frequency ------------------2 1 F 12 M 14 X 1 f 2 Frequency Missing = 1 Diagnosis Code DX Frequency --------------1 7 2 2 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 1 7 2 X 2 Frequency Missing = 8

Adverse Event? AE Frequency --------------0 19 1 10 A 1 Frequency Missing = 1

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DATA _NULL_; INFILE "C:\CLEANING\PATIENTS.TXT" PAD; FILE PRINT; ***Send output to the Output window; TITLE "Listing of Invalid Patient Numbers and Data Values"; ***Note: We will only input those variables of interest; INPUT @1 PATNO $3. @4 GENDER $1. @24 DX $3. @27 AE $1.; ***Check GENDER; IF GENDER NOT IN (F M ) THEN PUT PATNO= GENDER=; ***Check DX; IF VERIFY(DX, 0123456789) NE 0 THEN PUT PATNO= DX=; ***Check AE; IF AE NOT IN (0 1 ) THEN PUT PATNO= AE=; RUN;

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Chapter 1

Checking Values of Character Variables 11

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12

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LISTING OF INVALID GENDER VALUES PATNO 003 010 013 023 GENDER X f 2 f

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PROC PRINT DATA=CLEAN.PATIENTS; TITLE "LISTING OF INVALID CHARACTER VALUES"; WHERE GENDER NOT IN (M F ) OR VERIFY(DX, 0123456789) NE 0 OR AE NOT IN (0 1 ); ID PATNO; VAR GENDER DX AE; RUN;

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Chapter 1

Checking Values of Character Variables 13

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PROC PRINT DATA=CLEAN.PATIENTS; TITLE "LISTING OF INVALID CHARACTER VALUES"; WHERE GENDER NOT IN (M F ) (INPUT(DX,3.) EQ . OR MOD(INPUT(DX,3.),1) NE 0) DX NE AE NOT IN (0 1 ); ID PATNO; VAR GENDER DX AE; RUN;

OR AND OR

Using Formats to Check for Invalid Values

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3URJUDP 

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PROC FORMAT; VALUE $GENDER F,M = = OTHER = VALUE $DX 001 - 999 OTHER

Valid Missing Miscoded; = Valid /* See important note below */ = Missing = Miscoded;

VALUE $AE 0,1 = Valid = Missing OTHER = Miscoded; RUN; PROC FREQ DATA=CLEAN.PATIENTS; TITLE "Using Formats to Identify Invalid Values"; FORMAT GENDER $GENDER. DX $DX. AE $AE.; TABLES GENDER DX AE / NOCUM NOPERCENT MISSING; RUN;

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Chapter 1

Checking Values of Character Variables 15

Using Formats to Identify Invalid Values The FREQ Procedure Gender GENDER Frequency --------------------Missing 1 Miscoded 4 Valid 26 Diagnosis Code DX Frequency --------------------Missing 8 Valid 21 Miscoded 2 Adverse Event? AE Frequency --------------------Missing 1 Valid 29 Miscoded 1

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PROC FORMAT; VALUE $GENDER F,M = Valid = Missing OTHER = Miscoded; VALUE $DX 001 - 999 = Valid = Missing OTHER = Miscoded; VALUE $AE 0,1 = Valid = Missing OTHER = Miscoded; RUN;

16

Codys Data Cleaning Techniques Using SAS Software

DATA _NULL_; INFILE "C:\CLEANING\PATIENTS.TXT" FILE PRINT; ***Send output to the TITLE "Listing of Invalid Patient ***Note: We will only input those INPUT @1 PATNO $3. @4 GENDER $1. @24 DX $3. @27 AE $1.;

PAD; Output window; Numbers and Data Values"; variables of interest;

IF PUT(GENDER,$GENDER.) = Miscoded THEN PUT PATNO= GENDER=; IF PUT(DX,$DX.) = Miscoded THEN PUT PATNO= DX=; IF PUT(AE,$AE.) = Miscoded THEN PUT PATNO= AE=; RUN;

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character_variable = PUT(variable,format)

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Listing of Invalid Patient Numbers and Data Values PATNO=002 PATNO=003 PATNO=004 PATNO=010 PATNO=013 PATNO=002 PATNO=023 DX=X GENDER=X AE=A GENDER=f GENDER=2 DX=X GENDER=f

Chapter 1

Checking Values of Character Variables 17

Using Informats to Check for Invalid Values

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*----------------------------------------------------------------* | PROGRAM NAME: INFORM1.SAS IN C:\CLEANING | | PURPOSE: TO CREATE A SAS DATA SET CALLED PATIENTS2 | | AND SET ANY INVALID VALUES FOR GENDER AND AE TO | | MISSING, USING A USER-DEFINED INFORMAT | *---------------------------------------------------------------*; LIBNAME CLEAN "C:\CLEANING"; PROC FORMAT; INVALUE $GEN INVALUE $AE RUN; DATA CLEAN.PATIENTS2; INFILE "C:\CLEANING\PATIENTS.TXT" PAD; INPUT @1 PATNO $3. @4 GENDER $GEN1. @27 AE $AE1.; LABEL PATNO GENDER DX AE RUN; = = = = "Patient Number" "Gender" "Diagnosis Code" "Adverse Event?";

F,M = _SAME_ OTHER = ; 0,1 = _SAME_ OTHER = ;

18

Codys Data Cleaning Techniques Using SAS Software

PROC PRINT DATA=CLEAN.PATIENTS2; TITLE "Listing of Data Set PATIENTS2"; VAR PATNO GENDER AE; RUN;

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Listing of Data Set PATIENTS2

Obs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

PATNO 001 002 003 004 XX5 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 002 003 015 017 019 123 321 020 022 023 024 025 027 028 029 006

GENDER M F F M M M F M M M M F M F F M M F F M F M F F M F

AE 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0

Chapter 1

Checking Values of Character Variables 19

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PROC FORMAT; INVALUE $GEN (UPCASE)

F = F M = M OTHER = ; INVALUE $AE 0,1 = _SAME_ OTHER = ; RUN;

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20

Codys Data Cleaning Techniques Using SAS Software

3URJUDP 

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PROC FORMAT; INVALUE $GENDER F,M = _SAME_ OTHER = ERROR; INVALUE $AE 0,1 = _SAME_ OTHER = ERROR; RUN; DATA _NULL_; FILE PRINT; SET CLEAN.PATIENTS; IF INPUT (GENDER,$GENDER.) = ERROR THEN PUT @1 "Error for Gender for Patient:" PATNO" Value is " GENDER; IF INPUT (AE,$AE.) = ERROR THEN PUT @1 "Error for AE for Patient:" PATNO" Value is " AE; RUN;

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