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What Is Normalization

Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce duplication and ensure data dependencies make sense. There are five normal forms that provide guidelines for normalization. The normal forms are numbered 1NF through 5NF, with 1NF being the lowest level and 5NF the highest. 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF are the most common forms used in practical applications. The goals of normalization are to reduce the space a database consumes and ensure logical data.

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Preethi Muralidharan
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29 views

What Is Normalization

Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce duplication and ensure data dependencies make sense. There are five normal forms that provide guidelines for normalization. The normal forms are numbered 1NF through 5NF, with 1NF being the lowest level and 5NF the highest. 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF are the most common forms used in practical applications. The goals of normalization are to reduce the space a database consumes and ensure logical data.

Uploaded by

Preethi Muralidharan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Normalization?

Normalization is the process of efficiently organizing data in a database. There are two goals of the normalization p (for example, storing the same data in more than one table) and ensuring data dependencies make sense (only sto of these are worthy goals as they reduce the amount of space a database consumes and ensure that data is logical

The Normal Forms

The database community has developed a series of guidelines for ensuring that databases are normalized. These ar are numbered from one (the lowest form of normalization, referred to as first normal form or 1NF) through five (fif practical applications, you'll often see 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF along with the occasional 4NF. Fifth normal form is very r in this article.

Before we begin our discussion of the normal forms, it's important to point out that they are guidelines and guidelin necessary to stray from them to meet practical business requirements. However, when variations take place, it's ex possible ramifications they could have on your system and account for possible inconsistencies. That said, let's exp

First Normal Form (1NF)


First normal form (1NF) sets the very basic rules for an organized database:

Eliminate duplicative columns from the same table. Create separate tables for each group of related data and identify each row with a unique column or set of

Second Normal Form (2NF)


Second normal form (2NF) further addresses the concept of removing duplicative data:

Meet all the requirements of the first normal form. Remove subsets of data that apply to multiple rows of a table and place them in separate tables. Create relationships between these new tables and their predecessors through the use of foreign keys.

Third Normal Form (3NF)


Third normal form (3NF) goes one large step further:

Meet all the requirements of the second normal form. Remove columns that are not dependent upon the primary key.

Fourth Normal Form (4NF)


Finally, fourth normal form (4NF) has one additional requirement:

Meet all the requirements of the third normal form. A relation is in 4NF if it has no multi-valued dependencies.

Remember, these normalization guidelines are cumulative. For a database to be in 2NF, it must first fulfill all the criteria of a 1NF database

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