HMP 669: Db Mgmt & Internet Apps in HC, Kai Zheng gender CHAR(1) NOT NULL

CHECK (gender = ’F’ OR gender = ’M’),

Oracle 10g Cheat Sheet dob DATE NOT NULL,
ssn CHAR(11) UNIQUE
);
1 ER Model
1.1 Logical Model 3.1 Common Data Types
 IsPCPOf
NUMBER (5,2) Numeric (e.g. 999.99) Max. size 38 digits
0..* 0..1 VARCHAR2(50) Variable length string Max. size 4000
Patient Has  Appointment
 AssignedTo  AssignedTo Physician
patientId {PK}
1..1 0..*
appointmentId {PK}
0..* 1..1
physicianId {PK}
CHAR(5) Fixed length string Max. size 2000
pcpId {FK}
nameFirst
patientId {FK}
physicianId {FK}
nameFirst
nameLast
DATE Date/time -4712–9999
nameLast appointmentDateTime
1..1 reasonForVisit
4 Work with Existing Tables
 Has

0..3
4.1 Modify Tables
PatientPhoneNumber ALTER TABLE physician DROP COLUMN salary;
uniqueId {PK}
patientId {FK} ALTER TABLE physician ADD salary NUMBER(8,2);
phoneNumber
phoneType

ALTER TABLE physician MODIFY salary NUMBER(10,2);

2 Work with Oracle via SQL*Plus
2.1 Connect using Instant Client DROP TABLE patient;
sqlplus username/password@server/database
DROP TABLE patient CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
2.2 Change Password -- remove even if referenced by other tables
ALTER USER kzheng IDENTIFIED BY hmp669;
2.3 Load Script from File PURGE RECYCLEBIN;
START h:\script.sql
4.2 Modify Constraints
2.4 Record Sessions ALTER TABLE patient DISABLE CONSTRAINT pat_phy_fk;
SPOOL h:\log.txt ALTER TABLE patient ENABLE CONSTRAINT pat_phy_fk;
...
SPOOL OFF ALTER TABLE patient DROP CONSTRAINT pat_phy_fk;

2.5 Miscellaneous SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED;

DESC patient; SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE;
-- describe table structure
ALTER TABLE patient
SELECT table_name FROM user_tables; ADD CONSTRAINT pat_phy_fk FOREIGN KEY
-- list of all tables (pcp_id) REFERENCES physician(physician_id)
ON DELETE CASCADE;
SELECT constraint_name, constraint_type,
table_name FROM user_constraints; 5 Insert and Update Records
-- list of all constraints INSERT INTO physician
VALUES (’S01’,’Robert’,’Jones’, ’M’,98191.77);
3 Create Tables and Constraints
CREATE TABLE physician ( INSERT INTO physician
physician_id VARCHAR2(10) PRIMARY KEY, (salary, name_first, name_last, gender, physician_id)
name_first VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL, VALUES (83351.28, ’Mary’,’Jones’, ’F’,’P02’);
name_last VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL,
gender CHAR(1) NOT NULL INSERT INTO patient
CHECK (gender IN(’F’,’M’)), VALUES (’389029113’,NULL,’John’,’Smith’,
salary NUMBER(7,2) ’M’,’12-MAY-1983’,’419-29-4892’);
); -- DD-MON-YYYY is the default date format

CREATE TABLE patient ( INSERT INTO patient

patient_id VARCHAR2(10) PRIMARY KEY, VALUES (’389029114’,’S01’,’Rebecca’,’Lee’,
pcp_id VARCHAR2(10) ’F’,TO_DATE(’04/01/1981’,’mm/dd/yyyy’),
CONSTRAINT pat_phy_fk ’148-23-7326’);
REFERENCES physician(physician_id)
ON DELETE CASCADE, COMMIT;
name_first VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL, /* make uncommitted changes permanent,
name_last VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL, only apply in record manipulation*/

1
 8.4 Common String Functions
UPDATE physician INITCAP() Capitalize the first letter
SET salary = salary*1.2 LENGTH()
WHERE physician_id = ’S01’; UPPER()
LOWER()
ROLLBACK; SUBSTR() e.g. SUBSTR(zip,1,5)
-- undo uncommitted changes TRIM() Remove leading and trailing spaces
Example:
5.1 Delete Records
SELECT LENGTH(TRIM(’ count me ’)) FROM dual;
DELETE patient WHERE patient_id = ’389029113’;
-- 8
DELETE physician; 8.5 Common Conversion Functions
TO_NUMBER()
6 Work with Views TO_CHAR(input,format)
TO_DATE(input,format)
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW rich_physician AS
SELECT * FROM physician WHERE salary > 100000; 8.6 Common Date Format
DD-MON-YYYY (default) e.g. 01-JAN-2007
SELECT * FROM rich_physician; MM/DD/YYYY e.g. 01/01/2007
DROP VIEW rich_physician; DAY, MONTH DDTH e.g. SUNDAY, JANUARY 04TH
DY, Month DDth e.g. SUN, January 04th
HH:MI:SS AM e.g. 01:30:23 PM
7 Work with Sequences HH24:MI e.g. 13:30
CREATE SEQUENCE seq_appt_id Example:
START WITH 1000000000
MAXVALUE 9999999999 SELECT TO_CHAR(sysdate,’MM/DD/YYYY HH:MI:SS A.M.’)
INCREMENT BY 1; FROM dual;
-- 03/05/2007 01:31:17 A.M.
INSERT INTO appointment
VALUES (seq_appt_id.NEXTVAL, ...); 9 Query a Single Table
-- how many female patients have PCP?
DROP SEQUENCE seq_appt_id; SELECT COUNT(*) FROM patient
WHERE gender = ’F’ AND pcp_id IS NOT NULL;
8 Data Manipulation
-- average physician salary, rounded to 1 decimal
8.1 Comparison Operators SELECT ROUND(AVG(salary),1) FROM physician;
=, >, <, >=, <=
<> Not equal to -- full name of those born in April
IS NULL -- || is used to concatenate strings
IS NOT NULL SELECT name_last || ’, ’ || name_first
LIKE Pattern match in strings FROM patient WHERE TO_CHAR(dob,’MON’) = ’APR’;

-- dob ordered by last name then by first name

8.2 Basic Arithmetic Operators
SELECT TO_CHAR(dob,’DD/MON/YYYY’) FROM patient
+, -, *, / ORDER BY name_last, name_first;

8.3 Common Number Functions /*number of distinct patient last names

COUNT() # of matched records of those born after 1979*/
SUM() SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT name_last)
AVG() Average FROM patient
MAX() WHERE dob >= ’01-JAN-1980’;
MIN()
ABS() Absolute 9.1 Pattern Match in Strings (LIKE)
ROUND(a,b) e.g. ROUND(129.29,1) = 129.3 -- last name contains ’mm’
POWER(a,b) e.g. POWER(5,2) = 25 SELECT name_last FROM patient
Example: WHERE name_last LIKE ’%mm%’;

-- last name contains ’mm’, ’Mm’, ’mM’, or ’MM’

SELECT ABS(ROUND(-1.237,2)) FROM dual; SELECT name_last FROM patient
-- 1.24 WHERE UPPER(name_last) LIKE ’%MM%’;

2
 FROM appointment
-- first name starts with ’A’ GROUP BY patient_id
SELECT name_first FROM patient )
WHERE name_first LIKE ’A%’; );

-- first name ends with ’a’

SELECT name_first FROM patient
WHERE name_first LIKE ’%a’;

/*first name contains two i’s

separated by exactly one letter*/
SELECT name_first FROM patient
WHERE name_first LIKE ’%i_i%’;

9.2 GROUPING
-- average physician salary by gender
SELECT gender, AVG(salary) FROM physician
GROUP BY gender;

-- which gender group’s average salary is over 90k?

SELECT gender, AVG(salary) FROM physician
GROUP BY gender
HAVING AVG(salary) > 90000;

10 Query from Multiple Tables

-- patient last name and their PCP last name
SELECT patient.name_last, physician.name_last
FROM patient, physician
WHERE pcp_id = physician_id;

-- include patients who don’t have PCP (outer join)

-- alias may be used to speed up coding
SELECT p1.name_last, p2.name_last
FROM patient p1, physician p2
WHERE pcp_id = physician_id(+);

-- include physicians who are not PCP of any patients

SELECT p1.name_last, p2.name_last
FROM patient p1, physician p2
WHERE pcp_id(+) = physician_id;

-- patient last name(s) with more than 1 appointment

SELECT name_last
FROM patient
WHERE patient_id IN
(
SELECT patient_id
FROM appointment
GROUP BY patient_id
HAVING COUNT(*) >= 1
);

-- patient last name(s) who visited most often

SELECT name_last FROM patient WHERE patient_id IN
(
SELECT patient_id
FROM appointment
GROUP BY patient_id
HAVING COUNT(*) =
(
SELECT MAX(COUNT(*))