Null
Null
[email protected]
1
رأﻳﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺧﻄﺎء ﺣﯿﺚ ﻳﺒﺪأ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ، أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﺼﻔﺤﻲ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻮاﺿﯿﻊ ﻋﻦ طﻠﺒﺎت ﻣﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺘﺨﺮج
وﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ ھﺬا اﻷﻣﺮ ﺧﻄﺄ وﻗﺪ ﻳﺆدي، اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻐﻪ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﻳﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎھﯿﻪ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع
ﻷن اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ھﻮ اﻟﺬي ﺳﻮف ﻳﺤﺪد اﻷداه اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﻪ وﻟﯿﺲ، اﻟﻰ ﻣﺸﺮوع ﻏﯿﺮ ﺟﯿﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﮫﺎﻳﻪ
ﻣﺜﻼ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ اﻷﻣﺮاضExpert System ﻣﺜﻼ أراد أﺣﺪھﻢ أن ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻤﺸﺮوع ﻧﻈﺎم ﺧﺒﯿﺮ، اﻟﻌﻜﺲ
ﻷن اﻷﻧﻈﻤﻪ اﻟﺨﺒﯿﺮه، ﻓﻠﻦ ﻳﺆدي اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﯿﺪPhp أوVisual Basic ﻓﻠﻮ أﺧﺘﺎر ﻟﻐﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ،
)ھﺬه اﻟﻠﻐﺎت ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻮارزﻣﯿﺎت ﺟﯿﺪهCLips أو أداهProlog ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﻷدوات ﺧﺎﺻﻪ ﻓﯿﮫﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﻐﻪ
ﺑﻌﻜﺲ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﻣﺎ أراد أﺣﺪھﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪReasoning وKnowladge Representation ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟـ
، ﺳﻮف ﻳﻮاﺟﮫﻪ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻋﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﻪ ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺨﺒﯿﺮ، Visual Basic اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺑﻠﻐﻪ
if x then ﻟﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﻻ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﺌﺎت اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﺸﺮطﯿﻪInference واﻟـReasoning أﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﻪ اﻟـ
ﺧﺎص ﺑﮫﺬهInterpreter ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﯿﻪEngine أﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺎت اﻷﻧﻈﻤﻪ اﻟﺨﺒﯿﺮه ﻓﮫﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ، y
.. (اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﻪ وﻳﻄﺒﻖ ﺧﻮارزﻣﯿﺎت ﻣﻤﺘﺎزه ﻣﺨﺼﺼﻪ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﻪ ﻟﮫﺬا اﻷﻣﺮ
واﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ ﻋﺎده ﺗﺒﻨﻲ.. أن اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ھﻮ اﻟﺬي ﺳﻮف ﻳﺤﺪد اﻟﻠﻐﻪ وﻟﯿﺲ اﻟﻌﻜﺲ، اﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻼم
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻔﯿﻪ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ اﻷﻛﺎدﻳﻤﯿﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﻪ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺨﺼﺺ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺮﻏﺐ ﺑﻪ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل وﺑﻌﺾ
واﻟﺘﻘﺴﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺳﻮف ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪك ﻓﻲ أﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺠﺎل، اﻷﺣﯿﺎن ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﺎرﻳﻊ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﻪ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻟﺐ
: وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺣﺪد ﻧﻮﻋﯿﻪ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع وﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻠﻐﻪ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﻪ، اﻟﺬي ﺗﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﯿﻪ
:foundations Mathematical
theory,Graph theory,Type Mathematical logic,Set theory,Number
theory theory,Category theory,Numerical analysis,Information
:Theory of computation
theory,Computational complexity Automata theory,Computability
theory,Quantum computing theory
:Software engineering
design,Computer programming,Formal Requirements analysis,Software
methods,Software testing,Software development
:System architecture
organization,Operating systems Computer architecture,Computer
:Databases
Data mining,Relational databases ,SQL,OLAP
:Artificial intelligence
linguistics,Computer vision,Evolutionary Automated reasoning,Computational
language processing,Robotics computation,Machine learning,Natural
:Computer graphics
[email protected]
2
processing Visualization,Image
:Scientific computing
Science,Computational chemistry, Artificial life,Bioinformatics,Cognitive
physics Computational neuroscience,Computational
,Numericalalgorithms,Symbolic mathematics
ACM Computing وھﻨﺎك ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ، ﻣﺠﺮد ﻣﺜﺎل، طﺒﻌﺎ اﻟﺘﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﻟﯿﺲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺷﻲء
.. ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﺴﯿﻤﺎت اﻟﺠﯿﺪهClassification System
وھﻮ أﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻼب اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘﯿﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ أﻧﻈﻤﻪ ﻣﺨﺎزن وﻣﺘﺎﺟﺮ، أﻣﺮ أﺧﺮ
وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺮض أن ﺗﻤﻨﻊ، وھﻮ أﻣﺮ أراه ﻏﯿﺮ ﺟﯿﺪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﻟﻄﻼب اﻟﺴﻨﻪ اﻷﺧﯿﺮه، وﻣﺴﺘﺸﻔﯿﺎت
ﻷﻧﻪ، ﻓﻤﺸﺮوع اﻟﺘﺨﺮج ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻤﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ، اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ
أﻳﻀﺎ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﻪ ھﺬه ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮫﺎ ﻓﻲ أي وﻗﺖ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ، ﻓﺮﺻﻪ ﺟﯿﺪه ﻟﻠﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل
وﺷﻮﻳﻪ اﺳﺘﻌﻼم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻢ ﺟﺪولdataBase اﺿﺎﻓﻪ اﻟﻰ أﻧﮫﺎ ﻣﻤﻠﻪ ﺟﺪا ﺣﯿﺚ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻣﺮ.
. ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ أي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع، وﺧﻼص
أﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﮫﺎ ﻣﺎ، ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﺄي ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ، ھﺬه ﻗﺎﺋﻤﻪ ﺑﻜﻤﯿﻪ ﻛﺒﯿﺮه ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ، ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻮم
أﻳﻀﺎ.. ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع اﻟﺬي أﺧﺘﺮﺗﻪGoogle وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ أﺑﺤﺚ ﻓﻲ، ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺒﻚ
.. اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت وﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﻪ
[email protected]
4
Geographics Information System GIS: A
Neuro Robot on the Sun
Learning - Designing Learning Environments Successful
Virtual learning environment
Network Intrusion Detection using Neural Network
Graphical Embedded system Design Tool اداة رﺳﻮﻣﯿﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻻﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻤﻮرة
ﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻟﻼﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻜﮫﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ واﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ
Php ﺑﻨﺎء اداة رﺳﻮﻣﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ اﻟــ
Applying SystemC in networking ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎتSystemC ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﻟﻠﻐﺔ
nano-BioInformatics for Blindness ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎت ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﻤﻌﻮﻗﯿﻦ ﺑﺼﺮﻳﺎ
OS desgin By using component ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻔﮫﻮم اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت
concept
.Data Integration in EDI أﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﻌﻄﯿﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدت اﻻﺷﻜﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﯿﺔ
Code Optimization دراﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﮫﺪف: اﻟﻤﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎت
ﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﻄﯿﺎت ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻔﮫﻮﻣﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت و اﻻﺟﺮاﺋﯿﺎت
اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ
Building and stored procedures for using in Data base construction component
VRP: Vehicle ) اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺎت وطﺮاﺋﻖ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﺘﻄﻮرة ﻟﺤﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﺪوﻟﺔ
.(Problem Routing
اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻤﺮة ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻘﻨﯿﺎت ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺤﺔ اﻟﺼﻮر واﻟﺬﻛﺎء اﻟﺼﻨﻌﻲ
ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ و ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ و اﺧﺘﺒﺎر وﺣﺪة ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﻮزﻋﺔ
ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ و ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﻣﻨﮫﺞ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻋﯿﺔ
دراﺳﺔ رﻳﺎﺿﯿﺔ ﻷداء ﺷﺒﻜﺎت اﻟﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﺒﯿﻨﻲ
spip ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ و ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ وﻳﺐ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام
systemc ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة ﺷﺒﻜﺎت اﻟﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﺒﯿﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام
ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ و ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ و اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺷﺒﻜﺎت اﻟﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﺒﯿﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ
ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة أﺛﺮ ذواﻛﺮ اﻟﻜﺎش ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻨﻰ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻋﯿﺔ
دراﺳﺔ وﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة ﺧﻮارزﻣﯿﺎت ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ اﻟﺴﯿﺮ
دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﻰ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﻄﯿﺎت اﻟﻤﻮزﻋﺔ وﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﮫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ
ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻲ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺘﺼﻔﺢ اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ
ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻣﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺼﻮر
E-Mail Server
أﺗﻤﺘﺔ ﺻﯿﺪﻟﯿﺔأﺗﻤﺘﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ
ﻟﻐﻪ ﺑﺮﻣﺠﻪ ﻋﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﻏﺮﺿﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ
Pda ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ ﻓﻲ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ال
attendance management system
automation of market operations
automation of ticket booking system for performances
streaming on mobile phones Based video
(online recruitment system(ORS
server for remote access Embbeded web
college management software
using camera Security system
Network Traffic Analysis
heart beat analizer
firewalls
(Super Market Menegement System (SMMS
(AMO) Automation of Marketing Operations
interactive classroom for collage
Registration System Computerizing the Student
Cuourier management service
packet sniffers
Student management system
controlling a pc using a mobile phone
[email protected]
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server SMS
Using Computer and Applicaiton Packages as Educational Tool
University Admission System
virtual classroom
using RFID Library Management
Digital parking system
remote classroom
Autonomous Web Crawler for a High Performance Network An Agent based
Grid Computing Environment
peer 2 peer multimedia transmission
pizza ordering from sms
streaming to avoid duplication of the files downloaded secure
Voice Ove IP
transaction system cd
bluetooth based temparature controller
forecasting Production
Bug Tracking System
particular persons location Wi-Fi network based project to find the
speed cash system
Smart Cam
Streaming using Cell Phone with security Video
vedio confrensing
reservation sms ticket
face recognition
online shopping
D display2 Rendering 3D images on
online customer service
Internet Distribution System
Mobile Filitering
Artificial Intellegent Game
(Service (JSP jMail++ A Webmail
handwritten script recongization
remote web desk
microprocessor simulator 8085
Enhanced Security using Biometrics
Tolerant System Using Primary Backup System using FAWS with SOAP Fault
Activity reporting system Online
text to speech converter
Speech Recogniotion
project managemet software
Traffic light control
RSS Feed Manager
online exams
online crime reporting
stagnography
Management System Employee
airline reservation
Digital Signature
web browser using prefetching intellingent
hospital management
website downloader
POP3 Mail Viewer on J2ME Devices
i-Voting
school managment system
[email protected]
6
D GRAPHIS EDITOR2
E-Commerce Project in Java
and Query Conversion Database Compression
gprs implementation of voting application using j2me over
Shopping Cart
Java Audio Enhancement Tool
system in java network monitoring
.Data transfer using infrared
library information system
(Optical Chracter Recognition (OCR
school fees payment system
optimizer and debugger code
image transfer protocol
Mobile Multi Player Game in
application of gis in the study of land use pattern
railway reseveration online
DBMS project
Intrusion Detection Systems
developing a simple OS on Power PC
data transfer b/w 2 PC s using WAP
interactive voice response
GPS based tracking
based home security alarm temperature sensor
java search engine
Automate a Doctor's Office
Online Credit card payment systems
Bluetooth Full duplex voice communication over
Video Conferencing through mobile
educational portal in jsp
Email Browser
e-attendance
DISORDERS MEDICAL EXPERT SYSTEM FOR RESPIRATORY
electricity billing system
Wavelet Based Image Compression
biometric based employee entry and security system
Bluetooth mobile phone Light control via
search a song in midi database with a hummed tune
System authentication using finger prints
lossless image compression
SMS sending and receiving througn pc connected to mobile phone
camera motion control Web
Peer-to-Peer Mp3 File Sharing
Mobile Web Browser
pc to pc voice communication over a lan
online music system using asp
natural language processing and interface
two-pass assembler
software with encryption chating
Anti virus System
Smart Card Attendance System
c compiler
download manager
file management system
Document (hard copy) via mobile phone Faxing
[email protected]
7
Searching Files on LAN
library d graphics3
D image encoding and decoding2
cafe management
recognition signature
++Garbage Collector for c
logics Adaptive learning using Fuzzy
web mining for finding expertise in research areas
traffic control through image processing software testing tools Intelligent
Distributed Systems Enterprise
online backup system
Online Hotel Reservation
face detection using artificial neural networks
tracking system satellite vehicle
Customer Relationship Management
detection system wireless metal
audio cryptography
Attendace based on face recognition
Mobile as small tv
mobile tracking system
(MPS) Mobile Payment Service
swav searsh engine
solving protein folding optimization problem
arabic part-of-speech tagger
intelligent search engine
pdf encyclopedia & crawler automated web
computer science assistant
streaming over bluetooth live video
animating a 3d model using motion capture
speech-to-text sms via mobile phone
arabic sign language recognition
building a gps system
intelligent robot vision system irvs
handwritten recognition system arabic
recordings automatic transcription for broadcast news
desktop search engine
electronic meeting secretary ems
hiding information mobile application
algorithm by jini dgajini distributed genetic
differential evolution algorithm
simulation gpu cluster distributed 3d
mobile narrator
and code coverage tool juc java unit testing framework
fatigue driver detection system
interface sql builder
voice xml
traffic sign recognition
protocols and chatting program implementing mail
video processing tookit
steganography in image security based on wavelet transform application of
hiding in digital images based spread spectrum and discrete information
cosine transform
forecasting using artificial neural network
in detecting spectral pattren for land use using hidding markov model
[email protected]
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features
seaker recogniton system
integrated cooperative servers for distrubuted systems icsds
d web interface3 intelligent
intelligent robot
immune systems in water network design genetic algorithms and artificial
parallel logic programming
and implementation of gps gis system design
web based information system project appraisal and risk management a
public transportation system
path finding intelligint techniques for agents a tool for
system wireless multi messaging
multimedia compression
archiving system data mining applications in medical image
hotel information system
rebotic taking mobile agent
computer aidel diagnosis of microcalcification clusters
automation tool
implementation of key distribution protocol for crypto network & design
audio compression
multi-tiered distributed web based pharmacy system & integrated distributed
application
server implementation of a proxy & design
telephony voice server
automatic questioning a simple intelligent tutoring system with
c++ code gereration
for indirect banking supervision computer aided support system
data warehousing
with multiple queurs simulating a system
: ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت
. أﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ ﻣﺠﻤﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﻪ واﻷﺟﻨﺒﯿﻪ
ﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﻴﺔ
: ﻭﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺭﺭ:ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ
ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ
ﻻ ﻤﻥ
ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻀﻴﻊ ﺒﺩ ﹰ،ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ
،، ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻡ ﻭﺭﺤﻤﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺒﺭﻜﺎﺘﻪ
ﺭﺃﻴﺕ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺨﻁﺎﺀ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ، ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺘﺼﻔﺤﻲ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻀﻴﻊ ﻋﻥ ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺭﺝ
ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻁﺒﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ، ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻟﻐﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺒل ﺃﻥ ﻴﻔﻜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﻫﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ
ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﻩ، ﺨﻁﺄ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺠﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﻪ
ﻤﺜﻼ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﺤﺩﻫﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺨﺒﻴﺭ، ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱExpert System ﻤﺜﻼ
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ﻓﻠﻭ ﺃﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻟﻐﻪ ﻤﺜل، ﻓﻲ ﺘﺸﺨﻴﺹ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺽVisual Basic ﺃﻭPhp ﻓﻠﻥ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ
ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﻴﺭﻩ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺨﺎﺼﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺜل ﻟﻐﻪ، ﺒﺸﻜل ﺠﻴﺩProlog ﺃﻭ ﺃﺩﺍﻩCLips
)ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺠﻴﺩﻩ ﺘﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟـKnowladge Representation
ﻭReasoning ﺒﻌﻜﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﺤﺩﻫﻡ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺒﻠﻐﻪVisual Basic ﺴﻭﻑ،
ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟـ، ﻴﻭﺍﺠﻬﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻋﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﻪ ﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﻴﺭ
Reasoning ﻭﺍﻟـInference ﻟﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻻ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ ﻤﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻤل ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﻪif x then y ﺃﻤﺎ،
ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﻴﺭﻩ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰEngine ﻴﻌﻤل ﻓﻴﻪInterpreter ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ
.. (ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻴﻁﺒﻕ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻤﺘﺎﺯﻩ ﻤﺨﺼﺼﻪ ﺴﺭﻴﻌﻪ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ
ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﻋﺎﺩﻩ.. ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ، ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ
ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻠﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻷﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻻﻀﺎﻓﻪ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺭﻏﺏ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ، ﻭﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻟﻠﻁﺎﻟﺏ
: ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺤﺩﺩ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﻗﻡ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﻪ، ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺭﻏﺏ ﻓﻴﻪ
Mathematical foundations:
Mathematical logic,Set theory,Number theory,Graph theory,Type
theory,Category theory,Numerical analysis,Information theory
Theory of computation:
Automata theory,Computability theory,Computational complexity
theory,Quantum computing theory
Software engineering:
Requirements analysis,Software design,Computer programming,Formal
methods,Software testing,Software development
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System architecture:
Computer architecture,Computer organization,Operating systems
Databases:
Data mining,Relational databases ,SQL,OLAP
Artificial intelligence:
Automated reasoning,Computational linguistics,Computer
vision,Evolutionary computation,Machine learning,Natural language
processing,Robotics
Computer graphics:
Visualization,Image processing
Scientific computing:
Artificial life,Bioinformatics,Cognitive Science,Computational
chemistry, Computational neuroscience,Computational physics
,Numericalalgorithms,Symbolic mathematics
ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ، ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻤﺜﺎل، ﻁﺒﻌﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﻟﻴﺱ ﺸﺎﻤل ﻟﻜل ﺸﻲﺀACM Computing
Classification System.. ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩﻩ
ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﻪ ﻤﺜل ﺃﻨﻅﻤﻪ ﻤﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻭﻤﺘﺎﺠﺭ، ﺃﻤﺭ ﺃﺨﺭ
ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ، ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺃﺭﺍﻩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺠﻴﺩ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﺎ ﻟﻁﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﻩ، ﻭﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻴﺎﺕ
ﻓﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ، ﺘﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ
ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ، ﻷﻨﻪ ﻓﺭﺼﻪ ﺠﻴﺩﻩ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل، ﻋﻤﻠﻲ
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ﺍﻀﺎﻓﻪ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻤﻠﻪ ﺠﺩﺍ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ. ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩdataBase ﻭﺸﻭﻴﻪ
. ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﻱ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ، ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻡ ﺠﺩﻭل ﻭﺨﻼﺹ
ﺃﺨﺘﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ، ﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻪ ﺒﺄﻱ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ، ﻫﺫﻩ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﻪ ﺒﻜﻤﻴﻪ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ، ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﻡ
ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺃﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ، ﻴﻨﺎﺴﺒﻙGoogle .. ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺨﺘﺭﺘﻪ
.. ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻭﺒﻪ
: ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ
. ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﻤﺠﻤﻌﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﻪ
ﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﻴﺔﻗﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ
.ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ
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ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺸﺘﻤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ- :
4.1 ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ:
ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﹰﺎ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﹰﺍ ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﻓﻴﺠﺏ
ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻀﻔﺎﻀﺎﹰ ،ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﺃﻱ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻘﻡ ﺃﻱ ﻁﺎﻟﺏ
ﺒﺈﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ،ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺈﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺭﺭ ﻟﻬﺎ ،ﻗﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل
ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻭﺴﺒل ﻋﻼﺠﻬﺎ )2000-1995ﻡ(.
4.2 ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ:
ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻭﻨﺼﻑ ،ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻀﻊ
ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ،ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻟﻪ ﺒﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ.
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ﻟﻔﺭﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﺎﻟﻔﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺘﻔﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﺴﺒﺏ
ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺤﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﺼﻑ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻤﻭل.
ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺤﺼﺭ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻔﺎﻗﻡ ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻟﺔ
ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ:
ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﻋﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺸﺠﻌﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻔﺎﻗﻡ ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ 1-
ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ.
ﻨﻘﺹ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻋﻼﺠﻬﺎ2- .
ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻴﻔﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ 3-
ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﺎﻗﻡ ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻟﺔ.
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ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ،ﻓﻘﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺠﺭﻴﺒﻲ ﺃﻭ
ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﹰﺎ ﻜﻤﻴﺎﹰ ،ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ
ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻲ.
ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ،ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ
ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﻼﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ
ﻤﺜل ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ .ﻴﺘﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺤﺙ
ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻜﻼ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭﻴﻥ.
ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺨﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻤﻕ
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ،ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻑ ﻓﻲ
ﺫﻟﻙ.
ﺇﻥ ﺨﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺒﺤﺜﻙ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل
ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺔ.
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ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺙ :ﺨﺎﻤﺴﺎﹰ:
ﻴﺠﺏ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻜﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻜﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ1- :
ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺮاﺑﻂ اﻟﻮطﻨﻰ– اﻟﺨﺮطﻮم
ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ
إﻋﺪاد اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ
..........................
اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﻲ :
إﺷﺮاف
اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر/أو اﻻﺳﺘﺎذ
اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺦ
)اﻟﺸﮭﺮ ،اﻟﺴﻨﺔ(
ﺍﻹﻫﺩﺍﺀ(1) .
ﺸﻜﺭ ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ(2) .
ﻤﻠﺨﺹ )ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ((3) .
ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺭﺴﺕ )ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ((4) .
ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺍﻭل(5) .
ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻴﺔ(6) .
ﻤﺘﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ(7) .
ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻕ(8) .
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ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ(9) .
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ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺤﺭﻓﻴﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺴﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ
ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﺎﻗﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ.
ﺴﺎﺒﻌﺎﹰ :ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ.
7.1 ﺨﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ) 20ﺩﺭﺠﺔ(:
ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻹﻟﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﻟﺨﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺔ
ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ )ﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻑ(.
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ﺨﻼل ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﻴﻭﺠﻬﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺴﺎﺘﺫﺓ ﺁﺨﺭﻴﻥ
ﻴﺤﻀﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ.
- ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺸﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺸﺭﻑ ﺃﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻟﻜل 21ﻁﺎﻟﺏ
ﻭﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺎﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ ،ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻁﻼﺏ ﻜﺤﺩ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺤﺙ
ﻭﺍﺤﺩ.
- ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺒﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻑ ﻗﺒل ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻤﺘﺤﺎﻨﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ.
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