eS Sa ee ee Troubleshooting Guidelines © Engine will not start, hot or cold a. No fuel — Page 109 Fuel System (Circuit Tests) — Page 113. Injector System (Circuit Tests) — Page 107 Air Flow Sensor b. No spark — Page 119 Ignition System © Hard starting, hot or cold a. No fuel or excessive fuel — Page 108 Coolant Temperature Sensor — Page 109 Fuel System — Page 111 Residual Pressure Test — Page 124 Evaporative Emissions System b. No spark — Page 119 Ignition System © Poor idle a. At operating temperature — Page 115 Throttle Switch — Page 121 Idle Stabilizer System — Page 124 Evaporative Emissions System b. Cold engine — Page 108 Coolant Temperature Sensor — Page 121 Idle Stabilization System Engine stalls at highway speeds a. — Page 109 Fuel System (Pressure, Volume, Current Draw Tests) — Page 124 Evaporative Emissions System — Page 125 Basic AdjustmentsiSpecs — Page 129 Ground and Terminal Connections 90 DigifantTroubleshooting Guidelines (Cont’d.) © Poor performance a. During warm-up — Page 108 Coolant Temperature Sensor — Page 115 Throttle Switch — Page 121 Idle Stabilizer System b. At operating temperature — Page 109 Fuel System (Pressure, Volume, Current Draw Tests) — Page 115 Throttle Switch — Page 119 Ignition System — Page 121 Idle Stabilizer System c. At full throttle — Page 109 Fuel System (Pressure, Volume Tests} — Page 116 Throttle Switch (Full Throttle Enrichment) — Page 119. Ignition System © High fuel consumption a — Page 109 Fuel System (Pressure, Volume Tests) — Page 112 Fuel Injector System (Spray Pattern, Leakage Tests) — Page 116 Throttle Switch (Full Throttle Enrichment) — Page 124 Evaporative Emissions System (Leakage Test)System Operation po Stem Operation — System Operation The 2.1 liter Vanagon engine is equipped with improvements in acceleration, deceleration and Digifant fuel andignition control system. Digifant overall driveability. is a dovelopment of the DigiJet fuel injection system combined with the map controlled digital The Digifant system features a larger throttle ignition system. bore diameter, increased from 45 mm to 50 mm Through the use of a single control unit, allof the An idle stabilization system has been functions of the fuel system, ignition system and incorporated to further streamline the system oxygen sensor system are carefully controlled to and eliminates the need for a digital idle stabilizer provide optimum mixture and ignition control for and auxiliary air regulator. Fuel tank Fuel pump Fuel filte ‘lr temperature ‘sensor and air P potentiometer Idle ‘Oxygen {__Istabitization — sensor control Saar unitSystem Operation The individual components of the Digifant system work together to manage all aspects of engine operation. Fuel injection control is electronic and is based on the measurement of air entering the intake and on engine speed measured by the Hall sender. The coolant temperature sensor provides correction during engine starting and warm up. The oxygen sensor, intake air temperature Fuel tank Fuel pump ea Fuel strainer Fuel injectors Fuel fiter sensor and throttle switch provide the control unit with additional information to assure smooth performance under all driving conditions. A separate control unitis used forthe idle stabilization valve, Ignition timing control is determined by an engine speed signal from the Hall sender, anda load signal from the air sensor. A signal from the coolant temperature sensor provides a correction factor. Vacuum hose Oxygen comuel Control unit unit o2008608028 6 6 6b Ome eee me ® e * e * ‘ ‘ ‘ Paar aComponent Description Sener eee Electronic Control Unit (E.C.U.) The Digifant electronic control unit incorporates all the functions of the fuel system and ignition system and provides both the actuation signal for the fuel injectors and optimum ignition timing point for all engine operating conditions. Injection duration opening signals are provided based on the following inputs: © Engine speed © Intake air volume © Coolant temperature © Oxygen content in the exhaust gas © Battery voltage © Throttle position © Intake air temperature The injector opening time is taken from a program in the control unit at 16 points for RPM and 16 points for load for a total of 256 operational points. injection times can be determined between these fixed points for a total of 65,000 theoretical different opening duration points. Digifant 97Component Description Coolant Temperature Sensor The coolant temperature sensor is a negative temperature coefficient resistor (NTC). The resistance signal it produces is used by the control unit to determine: The amount of cold start and warm-up enrichment ¢ Ignition timing and idle stabilization during warm-up @ When the oxygen sensor, idle stabilization, and full throttle enrichment functions are activated Fuel Pump The fuel pumpisa roller cell design. Itis driven by a permanent magnet electric motor and is located near the fuel tank. ee Steel rollers are held in “cut-outs” on the rotor. cross section of Centrifugal force seals the rollers against the roller cell walls of the pressure chamber as the rotor spins. in fuel pump Fuel that is trapped between the rollers is forced out the delivery port. The pumpis designed tobe Ra both cooled and lubricated by the fuel flowing through it The pump delivers several times the amount of fuel needed to operate the engine at any time. Excess fuel is returned to the fuel tank via the fuel pressure regulator, 98 DigifantComponent Description Air Flow Sensor The air flow sensor measures the amount of air entering the intake manifold and sends a voltage signal to the control unit. Intake air opens the air flow sensor flap which actuates the potentiometer to determine the voltage signal. This signal and the engine speed information supplied by the Hall sender are used as the principal inputs for the determination of {uel injector opening duration and ignition timing points, Acompensation flap connected to the air sensor dampens sudden movements of the air sensor flap due to oscillations of the intake air. To intake manifold Compensation flap Damping chamber Intake Air Temperature Sensor ‘An intake air temperature sensor is mounted in the air flow sensor housing. It is a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) resistor, which means its resistance value drops as its temperature increases. The signal it supplies to the control unit is used to modify fuel injection rate depending on intake air temperature. The sensor can be tested by measuring the resistance value of the sensor and comparing the reading to a graph.Component Description Fuel Pressure Regulator To intake ‘manifold The system pressure regulator maintains a constant fuel pressure to all injectors by regulating the quantity of fuel returned to the fuel tank. The regulator is connected to the intake manifold. It responds to manifold vacuum fluctuations, and thereby compensates for engine-load changes. When the engines shut off, the regulator closes and seals to maintain residual fuel pressure in the injector lines for improved hot-start capability. Fuel Injectors Electro-magnetic coil | Cz : S|} Needle valve 100 Digifant fuel injectors are electronically controlled on/off valves. solenoid actuates 2 needle valve allowing fuel to be forced through the injector nozzle. Alll four injectors open at the same time and inject fuel directly into the intake manifold near the intake valve. Injection quantity is controlled by the amount of time the injectors stay open. Injector opening time is regulated by the E.C.U,, based on inputs from the various engine sensors. Note: Digifant injectors (yellow body) are not interchangeable with A.F.C. injectors (blue body). DigifantComponent Description Throttle Switch Digifant uses a single throttle switch to signal the Throttle E.C.U. when the throttle plate is in the fully oe tamn closed (idle) or fully open (full load) position. The signal enables the E.C.U. to determine that one eG) of three auxiliary functions (idle stabilization, | deceleration fuel shut-off, or full load enrichment) is required and activate the appropriate circuit. « c The throttle switch is an NOC switch, or normally open unless actuated. The contact © arm is actuated by a cam with two eccentrics /—— eee which attaches to the throttle plate shaft. One 7 eccentric closes the contacts in the fully closed (idle stabilization or decel fue! shut-off) position, Throttle and the other in the fully open (full load switch enrichment) position. Correct adjustment of the throttle switch is very important. If switch is misadjusted, engine may surge at idle or cut out during steady driving or light acceleration. Fuel Filters ‘Two types of fuel filters are used on the Digifant system One is a square plastic fuel strainer which is mounted before the fuel pump to protect it from foreign particles. The main fuel filter is @ metal cylinder which mounts behind the fuel pump. It has a finer filtering mesh to protect the injection components. Both are lifetime filters and do not require replacement under normal circumstances.