Internet Conn
Internet Conn
Naveen.M.K,
Protocol Engineering & Technology Unit,
Electrical Engineering Department,
Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore - 12.
Outline
●
Basic linux networking commands
– ifconfig, route, ip
●
Servers Setup
– apache, ftp
●
Troubleshooting
– tcpdump and ethereal
Ifconfig
●
Ifconfig is used to configure the kernelresident
network interfaces. It is used at boot time to set
up interfaces as necessary. After that, it is
usually only needed when debugging or when
system tuning is needed.
●
Options:
– interface
– up
– down
– netmask
Ifconfig
``ip’’ command
``route’’ command
NIC Configuration
●
/etc/init.d/network start/stop command
●
systemconfignetwork command
Linux Firewall Configuration
●
Using ``iptables’’ and ``systemconfigsecuritylevel’’
– Stateful packet inspection
– Filtering packets based on a MAC address and the values
of the flags in the TCP header
– System logging that provides the option of adjusting the
level of detail of the reporting
– Better network address translation
– Support for transparent integration with such Web proxy
programs as Squid
– A rate limiting feature helps iptables block some types of
denial of service (DoS) attacks.
iptables
execution
Linux Firewall Configuration
●
Using ``iptables’’
– ACCEPT
– DROP
– REJECT
– LOG
– DNAT
– SNAT
– MASQUERADE: Used to SNAT.
ipchains rules examples
●
iptables A INPUT s 0/0 i eth0 d 192.168.1.1 p TCP j ACCEPT
●
iptables is being configured to allow the firewall to accept TCP packets
coming in on interface eth0 from any IP address destined for the
firewall's IP address of 192.168.1.1. The 0/0 representation of an IP
address means any.
●
iptables A FORWARD s 0/0 i eth0 d 192.168.1.58 o eth1 p TCP
sport 1024:65535 dport 80 j ACCEPT
●
iptables is being configured to allow the firewall to accept TCP packets
for routing when they enter on interface eth0 from any IP address and
are destined for an IP address of 192.168.1.58 that is reachable via
interface eth1. The source port is in the range 1024 to 65535 and the
destination port is port 80 (www/http).
SERVERS
WEB, FTP, DHCP.
Apache Web Server
●
Download and install: http://httpd.apache.org/
●
Configuration files
●
httpd.conf, access.conf. and srm.conf
<Directory /var/www/html>
order deny,allow
deny from all
allow from 10.10.64
</Directory>
ErrorDocument 404 /error.html
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
FTP Server
●
Using ``vsftpd’’
●
The vsftpd.conf File
– VSFTPD runs as an anonymous FTP server.
– VSFTPD allows only anonymous FTP downloads to remote users,
not uploads from them
– VSFTPD doesn't allow anonymous users to create directories on
your FTP server
– VSFTPD logs FTP access to the /var/log/vsftpd.log log file
– By default VSFTPD expects files for anonymous FTP to be placed
in the /var/ftp directory.
– Limiting the maximum number of client connections (max_clients)
DHCP: dhcpd and dhclient
●
dhcpd Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Server
●
Implements the Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHCP) and the Internet Bootstrap
Protocol (BOOTP). DHCP allows hosts on a
TCP/IP network to request and be assigned IP
addresses, and also to discover information about
the network to which they are attached.
●
#[PATHTODHCPD]dhcpd {start|stop|restart|status}
dhcpd and dhclient
●
DHCP Client, dhclient, provides a means for
configuring one or more network interfaces using
the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol,
BOOTP protocol, or if these protocols fail, by
statically assigning an address.
● #[PATHTOdhclient]dhclient
dhclient output
dhcpd.conf and dhclient.conf
●
dhcpd.conf file contains configuration information
for dhcpd
●
Keywords:
– defaultleasetime, maxleasetime
– subnet, netmask, range, routers
– domainname, domainnameservers
dhcpd.conf and dhclient.conf
●
dhclient.conf file can be used to configure the behaviour of
the client in a wide variety of ways:
●
protocol timing, information requested from the server
●
information required of the server
●
defaults to use if the server does not provide certain
information
●
values with which to override information provided by the
server,
●
values to prepend or append to information provided by the
server. The configuration file can also be preinitialized with
addresses to use on networks that don't have DHCP servers.
dhcpd.conf and dhclient.conf
dhcpd.conf and dhclient.conf
Troubleshooting
●
Tcpdump
– Tcpdump prints out the headers of packets on a network
interface that match the boolean expression.
●
Ethereal
– Protocol analyzer, or "packet sniffer" software, used for
network troubleshooting, analysis, software and protocol
development, and education. It has all of the standard
features of a protocol analyzer.
TCPDUMP
Ethereal
Ethereal
Ethereal