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Javascript

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32 views

Javascript

Uploaded by

santoshsutar1983
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JavaScript Basics

What is JavaScript?

JavaScript is a programming
language designed for Web pages.

CIS 233
Why Use JavaScript?

• JavaScript enhances Web pages with dynamic and


interactive features.

• JavaScript runs in client software.

• JavaScript 1.3 works with version 4.0 browsers.

CIS 233
What Can JavaScript Do?

• Common JavaScript tasks can replace server-


side scripting.

• JavaScript enables shopping carts, form


validation, calculations, special graphic and
text effects, image swapping, image mapping,
clocks, and more.

CIS 233
JavaScript Syntax.

• Unlike HTML, JavaScript is case sensitive.

• Dot Syntax is used to combine terms.


• e.g., document.write("Hello World")

• Certain characters and terms are reserved.

• JavaScript is simple text (ASCII).

CIS 233
JavaScript Terminology.

• JavaScript programming uses specialized


terminology.

• Understanding JavaScript terms is


fundamental to understanding the script.
• Objects, Properties, Methods, Events, Functions,
Values, Variables, Expressions, Operators.

CIS 233
Objects

• Objects refers to windows, documents, images,


tables, forms, buttons or links, etc.

• Objects should be named.

• Objects have properties that act as modifiers.

CIS 233
Properties

• Properties are object attributes.

• Object properties are defined by using the


object's name, a period, and the property
name.
• e.g., background color is expressed by:
document.bgcolor .
• document is the object.
• bgcolor is the property.

CIS 233
Methods

• Methods are actions applied to particular


objects. Methods are what objects can do.
• e.g., document.write(”Hello World")
• document is the object.
• write is the method.

CIS 233
Events

• Events associate an object with an action.


• e.g., the OnMouseover event handler action can
change an image.
• e.g., the onSubmit event handler sends a form.

• User actions trigger events.

CIS 233
Functions

• Functions are named statements that performs


tasks.
• e.g., function doWhatever () {statement here}
• The curly braces contain the statements of the
function.

• JavaScript has built-in functions, and you can


write your own.

CIS 233
Values

• Values are bits of information.

• Values types and some examples include:


• Number: 1, 2, 3, etc.
• String: characters enclosed in quotes.
• Boolean: true or false.
• Object: image, form
• Function: validate, doWhatever

CIS 233
Variables

• Variables contain values and use the equal


sign to specify their value.

• Variables are created by declaration using


the var command with or without an initial
value state.
• e.g. var month;
• e.g. var month = April;

CIS 233
Expressions

• Expressions are commands that assign


values to variables.

• Expressions always use an assignment


operator, such as the equals sign.
• e.g., var month = May; is an expression.

• Expressions end with a semicolon.

CIS 233
Operators

• Operators are used to handle variables.

• Types of operators with examples:


• Arithmetic operators, such as plus.
• Comparisons operators, such as equals.
• Logical operators, such as and.
• Control operators, such as if.
• Assignment and String operators.

CIS 233
Methods of Using JavaScript.

1. JavaScripts can reside in a separate page.

2. JavaScript can be embedded in HTML


documents -- in the <head>, in the
<body>, or in both.

3. JavaScript object attributes can be placed


in HTML element tags.
e.g., <body onLoad="alert('WELCOME')">

CIS 233
1. Using Separate JavaScript Files.

• Linking can be advantageous if many pages use


the same script.

• Use the source element to link to the script file.

<script src="myjavascript.js”
language="JavaScript1.2”
type="text/javascript">
</script>

CIS 233
2. Embedding JavaScript in HTML.

• When specifying a script only the tags


<script> and </script> are essential, but
complete specification is recommended:

<script language="javascript”
type="text/javascript">
<!-- Begin hiding
window.location=”index.html"
// End hiding script-->
</script>

CIS 233
Using Comment Tags

• HTML comment tags should bracket any script.

• The <!-- script here --> tags hide scripts


in HTML and prevent scripts from displaying in
browsers that do not interpret JavaScript.

• Double slashes // are the signal characters


for a JavaScript single-line comment.

CIS 233
3. Using JavaScript in HTML Tags.

• Event handlers like onMouseover are a perfect


example of an easy to add tag script.

<a href=”index.html”
onMouseover="document.logo.src='js2.gif'"
onMouseout="document.logo.src='js.gif'">
<img src="js.gif" name="logo">
</a>

CIS 233
Creating an Alert Message

• The following script in the <body> tag uses the


onLoad event to display an Alert window

• The message is specified within parenthesis.

<body onLoad="alert('WELCOME. Enjoy


your visit. Your feedback can improve
cyberspace. Please let me know if you
detect any problems. Thank you.')">

CIS 233
• Return to jqjacobs.net/web -- JavaScript Basics

References and Recommended Readings

The Web Wizard’s Guide to JavaScript by Steven Estrella

JavaScript for the World Wide Web by Tom Negrino and Dori Smith

©2003 by James Q. Jacobs. All rights reserved.


My photography, graphics, and writings may be used and reproduced for
non-commercial, educational purposes, such as classroom materials,
without my permission if you cite the source in some way.

CIS 233

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