Lecture 1, Introduction To Dental Anatomy
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Ali Al-QudsiLecture 1, Introduction To Dental Anatomy
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Ali Al-QudsiIntroduction to Dental
Anatomy
Dental Anatomy & Occlusion
Dent 202
Introduction
• Human dentition is diphyodont
– 2 sets of dentitions
• Primary/deciduous
– 20 teeth in total
– Incisors/canines/molars
– Smaller size
• Secondary/permanent
– 32 teeth in total
– Incisors/canines/premolars/molars
– Bigger size
Deciduous & permanent dentitions
• Why do
we have
to have 2
sets of
teeth?
Why 2 sets of dentitions?
• The jaws have to
accommodate the increased
number of permanent teeth
and their bigger size
Dental formula
–I for incisors
–C for Canines
–PM for premolars
–M for molars
–Deciduous teeth are indicated
by the letter D before the initial
Human dental formula
• Deciduous teeth
– DI 2/2 DC 1/1 DM 2/2 = 10
• Permanent teeth
– I 2/2 C 1/1 PM 2/2 M 3/3 = 16
The numbers following the letter refer to the number of
teeth of each type in the upper then the lower dentition
for one side only
Quadrants
• Tooth-bearing region of the jaw can be
divided into 4 quadrants
– Right maxillary (1 or 5)
– Left maxillary (2 or 6)
– Left mandibular (3 or 7)
– Right mandibular (4 or 8)
Quadrants in permanent dentition have the numbers 1 -
4 and in deciduous have the numbers 5 - 8
Quadrants
1 or 5 2 or 6
4 or 8 3 or 7
Teeth order
• Each tooth in a quadrant takes a letter (A
– E for deciduous) or a number (1 – 8 for
permanent) indicating its order when
counting from the midline
EDCBA ABCDE 87654321 12345678
EDCBA ABCDE 87654321 12345678
Dental nomenclature
• By words
– Set
• Deciduous or permanent
– Jaw
• Maxillary or mandibular
– Class
• Incisor/canine/premolar/molar
– Order within a class
• Central or lateral
• First/second/third
– Side
• Right or left
• By numbers, letters and/or symbols
– Palmer notation system
– Universal numbering system
– FDI numbering system
Palmer/Zsigmondy notation system
• American Dental Association in 1947
• Tooth is represented by a number 1 – 8 (permanent) or
a letter A – E (deciduous)
• Two lines; indicates which quadrant the tooth belongs to
– a horizontal representing the occlusal plane and
– a vertical representing the midline
• Examples:
– Maxillary right central incisor 1
– Mandibular left second deciduous molar E
EDCBA ABCDE 87654321 12345678
EDCBA ABCDE 87654321 12345678
Universal numbering system
• Palmer – difficulty in keyboard typing
• ADA adopted the universal system in 1968
• Uppercase letters for deciduous teeth
– Consecutive from A to T
– Following a clockwise order from maxillary right second molar to
mandibular right second molar
• Numbers for permanent teeth
– Consecutive from 1 to 32
– Following a clockwise order from maxillary right third molar to
mandibular right third molar
ABCDE FGHI J 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
TSRQP ONMLK 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17
FDI numbering system
• Proposed by FDI & adopted by WHO
• Each tooth is allocated a two-digit number; the
left designates the quadrant and the right
designates the tooth order
• Examples
– Mandibular right permanent canine 43
– Maxillary left deciduous lateral incisor 62
55 54 53 52 51 61 62 63 64 65 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
85 84 83 82 81 71 72 73 74 75 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
