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Interfacing Concepts, Data Transmission, I/O Instruction
MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACING
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INTERFACING CONCEPT
Address bus (16 bits)
Peripheral
Peripheral
Input
device
device
Output
interface MPU ROM RAM interface
adapter adapter
Data bus (8 bits)
Control bus
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INTERFACING CONCEPT
Definition: the interconnection, or linkage, of
the parts within the microprocessor based
system.
Activities over buses:
1. Memory read
2. Memory write
3. I/O read
4. I/O write
5. Interrupt or reset handling
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INTERFACING CONCEPT
DMA (Direct Memory Access):
MPUs release control of the data busses for
peripheral device to access main system memory
directly without going through the MPU.
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DATA TRANSMISSION
Types of Input/Output
1. Isolated Input/Output
2. Memory-mapped Input/Output
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ISOLATED I/O
I/O address are separated from memory address
Advantages:
1. Complete 1Mb memory address space is available for
use with memory
2. Special instruction have been provided to perform
isolated I/O operation
Disadvantage:
1. All input and output data must take place between
the AL and AX register and the I/O port.
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ISOLATED I/O
FFFFFH
Memory
address
space FFFFH
I/O address
space
00001H 0001H
00000H 0000H
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MEMORY MAPPED I/O
I/O address are inside memory address
Advantages:
1. More instructions are available to perform I/O
operations
2. More addressing modes are available to perform
input/output operations
Disadvantages:
1. Memory instructions to execute slower
2. Part of memory address space is lost
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MEMORY MAPPED I/O
FFFFFH
EOFFFH
I/O address
space
Memory
E0000H
address
space
00001H
00000H
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INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTION
Mnemonic Meaning Format Operation
Input direct IN Acc, Port (Acc) (Port)
IN
Input indirect (variable) IN Acc, DX (Acc) ((DX))
Output direct OUT Port, Acc (Port) (Acc)
OUT
Output indirect (variable) OUT DX, Acc ((DX)) (Acc)
Note: Acc = accumulator = AL or AX
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INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTION (CONT.)
Example 1:
Write a sequence of instruction that will output the
data FFH to a byte-wide output port at address ABH
of the I/O address space,
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INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTION (CONT.)
Example 1 (answer):
First,
the AL register is loaded with FFH as an
immediate operand in the instruction
MOV AL, FF
Now the data in AL can be output to the byte-wide
output port with the instruction
OUT AB, AL
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INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTION (CONT.)
Example 2:
Writea series of instruction that will output FFH to
an output port located at address B000H of the I/O
address space.
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INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTION (C0NT.)
Example 2 (answer):
The DX register must first be loaded with the
address of the output. This is done with instruction
MOV DX, BOOO
Next, the data that are to be output must be loaded
into AL with the instruction
MOV AL, 00FF
Finally, the data are output with the instruction
OUT DX, AL
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INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTION (C0NT.)
Example 3:
Data are to be read in from two byte-wide input
ports at address AAH and A9H and then the output
as word to a word-wide output port at address
B000H. Write a sequence of instruction to perform
this input/output operation.
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INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTION (C0NT.)
Example 3 (answer)
We can first read in the byte from the port at
address AAH into AL and move it to AH. This is done
with instructions
IN AL, AA
MOV AH, AL
Now the other byte, which is at port A9, can be read
into AL by instruction
IN AL, A9
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INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTION (C0NT.)
Example 3 (answer) cont.
The word is now held in AX. To write out the word of
data, we load DX with the address B000H and use
a variable output instruction. This leads to the
following
MOV DX, BOOO
OUT DX, AX
