Religion - Athma

1
,e;jpa rkaq;fspd; Nkhjy;fSk;> mjd; jhf;fq;fSk; - Xu; Ma;T
gh. Mj;kehjd;
tpupTiuahsu;> jkpo;ehL jpwe;jepiyg; gy;fiyf;foff; fy;tp ikak;
LRC 120501> jy;yhFsk;> kJiu-2.
Kd;Diu:-
ekJ ,e;jpa ehlhdJ gy ,dq;fspd; mUq;fhl;rpafkhFk;. ,e;jpa rkakhdJ gy;NtW fUj;J

NtWghLfisf; nfhz;l kf;fis “flTs;” vd;w xNu xsptl;lj;jpw;Fs; nfhz;L te;Js;sij ehk; ,d;wsTk; fz;
$lha; fhz Kbfpd;wJ. xU kdpjd; ehj;jpfthjpahf ,Ue;jhy;> cyfpy; cs;s [Ptuhrpfs; midj;Jk;
,aw;ifapdhy; kl;LNk gilf;fg;gl;L> gy;NtW tsu;r;rp khw;wj;jpw;F cl;gl;L ,d;W kdpjid
mwptpay; uPjpahf rpe;jpf;f itj;Js;sJ vd;ghd;. Mdhy; xUtd; Mj;jpfthjpahdhy;> cyfpy; cs;s
[Ptuhrpfs; midj;Jk; ,iwtd; xUtdhy; kl;LNk gilf;fg;gl;lJ vd;Wk;> mtNd mjid mopf;Fk; ty;yik
ngw;Ws;shd; vd;ghd;. ,e;j cyfpy; Njhd;wpa capupdq;fs; Kjy; kdpj ,dk; tiu midj;JNk
xUtiunahUtu; rhu;e;Jk;> typikAs;stu;fs; kl;LNk G+kpapy; epiyj;J epw;f KbAk; vd;w rhu;y];
lhu;tpdpd; fUj;ij cWjp nra;jd xU fhyj;jpy;. mjhtJ Kf;fpakhf ,e;jpahtpy;> jkpofj;jpy; vd;W
$Wtjpy; rpwpJk; Iaj;jpw;F ,lkpy;iy. ekJ ,e;jpah gy;NtW nfhs;ifAila> gy;NtW rkaq;fisr;
rhu;e;j Qhdpfis xUq;Nf md;Wk;> ,d;Wk; nfhz;Ls;sJ vd;gij ek;khy;; eilKiw cyfpy;
fhzKbfpd;wJ.
,f;fl;Liu gy;NtW kdg;ghq;fpid cila ngupNahu;fSf;Fk;> mwpQu;fSf;Fk; xU
Kuz;ghlfNt Njhd;wyhk;. Mdhy; ,J fhyj;jpd; fl;lhak;. midj;J rkaj;jtUk; xd;wpize;J nray;gl
Ntz;Lkhdhy;> mf;fhyj;jpy; Vw;gl;l rka Nkhjy;fisf; fl;lhak; njupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
mg;nghOJjhd; jtWfisj; jpUj;jpf;nfhz;L> tUq;fhyj;jpy; nropg;ghdnjhU ehl;bidAk;> kf;fspilNa
xUikg;ghl;L czu;itAk; Vw;gLj;j KbAk;.
rka Nkhjy;fs; - Xu; fz;Nzhl;lk;:-
ekJ jkpofj;jpy; xU fhyj;jpy; irt-it\;zt> irt-rkz> irt-,];yhkpa-fpwpj;Jt> ,e;J-ngsj;j> it\;zt

rkaj;jpw;Fs;NsNa Vw;gl;l Nkhjy;fs; fhl;Lj;jP Nghd;W gutpaJ. Nkhjy;fs; vd;wJk; ekJ
epidtpw;F tUgit MAjNke;Jjy;> capu;gyp ,itNa. ,itfspy; ngUk;ghYk; nfhs;if Kuz;ghLfspy;
Njhd;wp capu;gyp tiu epfo;e;Js;sd.
irt-it\;zt Nkhjy;fs; vd;why; ,d;W ek; rNfhjuu;fSf;fpilNa Nkhjyh? vd;W Xbr;nrd;W
jLg;Nghk;. Mdhy; md;W> ,J Kw;wpYk; khWgl;lJ. irtk; vd;why; rptngUkhdpd; tbtq;fis
topgl;L tUjy; MFk;. ,JNt it\;ztj;jpw;Fk; (tp\;Z topghL) nghUe;Jk;. it\;ztf; flTshd tp\;Z 24
tbtq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;shu;. Mdhy; mjpy; 10 tbtq;fSf;F kl;;LNk kf;fs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;J
te;Js;sdu;. irt rkaf; flTshd rptngUkhDf;F 64 tbtq;fs;. mjpYk; 25 tbtq;fSf;F kl;LNk
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Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;J te;Js;sdu;. it\;zt ,yf;fpaq;fspy; $wg;gLk; tp\;Z gfthdpd; “fN[e;jpu

Nkhl;rk;” vd;gJ> xU ahidapid mjd; Jauj;jpypUe;J tp\;Z kPl;gjw;fhf mtjhuk; vLj;jjhy; ,t;thW
miof;fg;gl;lJ. ,jw;F Neu;vjpuhf irtu;fs; rptngUkhdpd; GjpanjhU tbtkhf “f[rk;`hu%u;j;jp”
vdg; ngauplg;gl;L> rptngUkhd; xU ahidapidf; nfhd;W mjd; cliyf; fpopj;J Nghu;itahfg;
Nghu;j;jpf; nfhz;L mjd; jiyapd; Nky; fhy; itj;J eu;j;jdk; MLtJ Nghy; rpj;jupj;jdu;. ,itfs; ahTk;
fl;Lf;fijfs; my;y.> Kidtu; [p.NrJuhkd; mtu;fsJ Facets of Indian Art and Culture vd;w
Ma;Tg;Gj;jfk; ,jw;F xU rpwe;j rhd;whfj; jpfo;fpd;wJ. NkYk; ,e;j f[rk;`hu%u;j;jp vd;w
rpw;gj;ij kJiu kPdhl;rpak;kd; Nfhapypy; cs;s fk;gj;jb kz;lgj;jpy; fhz Kbfpd;wJ.
,it Nghjhnjd;W fp.gp. 1597-y; rpjk;guj;jpy; irt> itztUf;FkpilNa G+ry;fs; Vw;gl;lJ.
nrQ;rpapd; fpU\;zg;g ehaf;fu; rpjk;guj;jpYs;s eluhru; Nfhtpypy; cs;s Nfhtpe;juhru; rd;djpapy;
ngUkhspd; rpw;gj;ij itf;f Kad;w NghJ> irtu;fs; fpsu;r;rpapy; <Lgl;L> gyu; Nfhapy;
NfhGuj;jpypUe;J fPNo Fjpj;J ,we;jdu;. Mdhy; kd;du; ntw;wpfukhf jpUg;gzpapy; <Lgl;L mij
Kbj;Jf; fhl;bdhu;. Mdhy; gpw;fhyj;jpy; irt-it\;zt rz;ilapid kJiuia Mz;l jpUkiy ehaf;f kd;du;
rpj;jpiuj; jpUtpoh vd;w epfo;r;rpapd; %yk; epWj;jp ,UtiuAk; xd;wpizj;Jf; fhl;bdhu;.
it\;zt rkaj;jpYk; $l Nkhjy;fs; Vw;gl;ld. kJiuapy; ehaf;f kd;du;fs; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy;
it\;zt rkaj;jpy; tlfiy> njd;fiy vd ,U tif ,af;fq;fs; fhzg;gl;ld. Kf;jp newpf;F Kjy; E}yhf Ntjq;fisf;
nfhz;ltu;fs; tlfiy itztu;fs;.Mo;thu;fspd; ehyhapu jpt;tpag; gpuge;jj;ijf; nfhz;ltu;fs; njd;fiy
itztu;fs;. Kjy; newpapy; rhjp mbg;gilapyhd rKjhak; tw;GWj;jg;gl;lJ. Gpd;du; ,uz;lhk;
newpapy; rhjpia tpl rka czu;Tf;F Kd;Dupik nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. kJiuapy; cs;s $lyofu; ngUkhs;
jpUf;Nfhapypy; njd;fiy gpuptpw;fhfg; Nghuhba kzths khKdpfs; mtu;fSf;Fj; jdp rd;djp
mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.
irtu;fSf;Fk;> rkzu;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa eilngw;w rkag; Nghl;bapid jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk; cWjp

nra;fpd;wJ. kJiuapid Mz;l $z; ghz;bad; vd;w neLkhwdpd; kjkhw;wj;jpidAk;> mtuJ kidtp
kq;ifau;f;furp kw;Wk; mikr;ru; Fyr;rpiwahupd; irtu;fSf;fhd MjuTk; Gyg;gLfpd;wJ. mdy;
kw;Wk; Gdy; thjj;jpy; Njhw;w rkzu;fs; fpl;lj;jl;l 8000 Ngu; fOkuk; Vw;wg;gl;ldu;. ,e;j
epfo;r;rp kJiu kPdhl;rpak;kd; NfhapypYs;s Mapuk;fhy; kzlgj; J}z;fspy; rpw;gkhfr;
nrJf;fg;gl;Ls;sijg; ghu;f;Fk; NghJ rka Nkhjypd; cr;r fl;l epiyapidj; njspthf czu Kbfpd;wJ.
rkzu;fs; ,uj;jk; rpe;jpa ,lkhdJ “rhkej;jk;” vd;w rpW fpuhkkhf kJiuf;F mUNf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.
NkYk;> fhyg;Nghf;fpy; rkzj;jlaq;fs; mopf;fg;gl;ld. kJiuapYs;s ahidkiy xj;jf;fil
eurpq;fg;ngUkhs; NfhapYf;F mUfpYs;s jPu;j;jq;fuu; rpiyahdJ Kdpahz;b Rthkpahf ntz;Rij
G+rg;gl;L cUkhw;wk; nra;ag;gl;L topglg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.
NkYk; ,e;J kjj;jpw;Fs;Sk; vz;zw;w G+ry;fs; gpd;dpg;gpize;J fhzg;gl;ld.
jpUmUl;gpufhr ts;syhu; (fp.gp.1823-fp.gp.1874) vd;w rka rPu;jpUj;jthjp 19-Mk;
3
E}w;whz;by; tho;e;J te;jhu;. ,tuJ nfhs;iffs; capu;fsplj;jpy; md;G fhl;ly;> Gyhy; cz;zhik> rj;jpa
ju;krhiy mikj;jy; Nghd;wit MFk;. NkYk; thba gapiu fz;lNghnjy;yhk; thbNdd; vd;whu;.
grpj;jpU> jdpj;jpU> tpopj;jpU (gjtp) vd;w jj;Jtj;ijAk; cyfpw;F czu;j;jpf; fhl;bdhu;. Mjdhy;
,tUila nfhs;iffs; kf;fis <u;j;jJ. kf;fsidtUk; ,tiu ehbdu;. ,Nj fhyfl;lj;jpy; tho;e;j cau;rhjp
,e;Jf;fs; ,tu; kPJ Nghl;bAk;> nghwhik czu;Tk; nfhz;bUe;jdu;. 1867 Mk; Mz;L ts;syhu; rj;jpa
Qhdrig> rkur rd;khu;f;f rq;fk; Mfpa mikg;Gfis epWtpdhu;.
1874 Mk; Mz;L Nkl;Lf;Fg;gk; vd;w Cupy; xU jdp tPl;by; ,tu; jq;fpapUe;j NghJ ,utpy;
N[hjpapy; fye;jhu; vd;wdu;. Mdhy; cz;ikapy; ,tiu miwf;Fs; itj;J jhopl;L jP itj;J cau;[hjp
,e;Jf;fs; nfhSj;jpajhf ,d;wsTk; fUj;Jf;fs; epyTtJk; rkak; rhu;ghd> nfhs;if Kuz;ghLfisAila
Nghl;bf;FOf;fs; md;W nray;gl;ld Vd;gijAk; cWjp nra;a Kbfpd;wJ.
ngupa Guhzj;jpy; tUk; ee;jdhu; my;yJ jpUehiyg;Nghthu; vd;w Giyau; ,dj;ijr; Nru;e;j
xU rptgf;ju; jpy;iytho; jPl;rpju;fshy; Jd;gj;jpw;F cl;gl;lijAk;> ek;khy; rkag; G+ry;fs;
rKjhaj;jpy; GiuNahbf; fple;jjijAk; mwpa Kbfpd;wJ. ee;jdhu; vd;gtu; jQ;ir khtl;lj;ijr; rhu;e;j
MjD}u; vd;w rpW fpuhkj;ijr; Nru;e;jtu;. ,tu; jho;j;jg;gl;ltu; Mifahy; rpjk;guk; eluh[u;
Nfhtpypy; Eioa mDkjp kWf;fg;gl;lJ. jPl;rpju;fs; cUthf;fpa N`hkFz;lj;jpy; ee;jdhu;
,wq;fpajhfTk;> rptngUkhd; mtiu gupNrhjpj;jjhfTk; ,d;Wk; fijfshf Gidag;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
,itaidj;Jk; eilKiw cyfpw;F rhj;jpakhd xd;whf ,Uf;Fkh? Vd;gij kdpjdhfpa ek;khy; kl;LNk ed;F
czu KbAk;.
kw;nwhU kpf Kf;fpakhd tuyhw;W epfo;r;rp jpUney;Ntypapy; eilngw;wJ.
jpUney;Ntypiar; rhu;e;j ,be;jfiu vd;w Ff;fpuhkj;jpy; trpj;J te;j 843 kPdtu;fs; fpwpj;Jt
kjj;jpypUe;J ,e;J kjj;jpw;F kjk; khwpa epfo;r;rpahdJ ,e;jpahitNa mjpur; nra;jJ. fpwpj;Jt
rkaj;jpd; mikg;ghd ilNahrp]; (Diocese) epu;thfj;jpdu; tpjpj;j fLk; tup kw;Wk; kf;fspd;
cupikfisr; Ruz;Ljypd; tpisthy; kf;fs; ntFz;L vOe;jdu;. Jauk; jhq;f Kbahky; 27-k; Njjp
mf;Nlhgu; 1967 Mk; Mz;L 843 kPdtu;fSk; kjk; khwp ,e;J kjj;jpy; ,ize;jdu;. rka Nkhjy;fs;
rKjhaj;jpd; MzpNtu;fisNa mbNahL mirj;jjw;F ,J Xu; rhd;whFk;.
rhjp> rka NtWghLfspdhy; ,e;J rkaf;flTsu;fspd; ngau;fs; $l khw;wk; ngw;wd. CUf;F
ntspNa Gwk; js;sg;gl;l kf;fs; topgLk; tpUkhz;b Rthkp> CUf;F cs;Ns cau;Fbapduhy; gpuk;kh
vd;W tzq;fg;gl;lhu;. rpttopghlhdJ CUf;F ntspNa jho;e;j rhjp vd;W miof;fg;gLk; kf;fshy;
Kdpahz;bahf ,d;Wk; tzq;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. Xt;nthU fpuhkq;fspd; vy;iyapYk; ehk; ,jid fz;$lhff;
fhz Kbfpd;wJ.
,e;J rkaj;jpd;kPJ itj;Js;s ntwpj;jdkhd gw;why;> kf;fspy; rpyu; xd;W$b ngsj;j
rkaj;jpw;Fk; $l Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itj;jdu; vd;Nw $wyhk;. ,e;jpahtpy; Njhd;wpa ngsj;j rkak;
,d;W ,e;j ehl;by; epiyahf ,y;iy. Mdhy; mjd; topj;jlk; ,d;W kJiu khefupy; cs;sJ. Gj;ju; rpiy
kJiuapy; ghz;bKdpahf (ghz;b Nfhapy;) topglg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. Gj;jupd; nfhs;iffs; capu;gyp
4
$lhJ> jiyapYs;s Kbia ntl;bdhy; rpW capu;fs; ,wf;f NeupLk; vd;whu;. Mdhy; mjw;F vjpuhf
,itaidj;Jk; ntw;wpfukhf epiwNtw;wg;gl;L tUfpwJ.
rkzj;jpy; ,uz;L gpupthf nfhs;if Kuz;ghl;bdhy; RNtjk;guu;fs;> jpfk;guu;fs; vd;W
fhzg;gl;ldu;. ngsj;jj;jpYk; mt;thNw `Pdahdk;> kfhahdk; vd;whapw;W. ,jpy; myhTjPd; fpy;
[papd; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpd;NghJ> mtUila gilj;jsgjp khypf;fhG+u; vd;gtu; kJiu> ,uhNk];tuk;
tiuapYk; gilnaLj;J te;jhu;. ,jpy; Kf;fpakhf irtKk; ,];yhkpaKk; Nkhjpf;nfhz;ljpid ahk; midtUk;
vspjhf mwpAk; tifapy; kJiu kPdhl;rpak;kd; NfhapypYs;s nghw;whkiuf; Fsj;jpd; Rw;Wr;
Rtu;fspy; Xtpakhfj; jPl;bAs;sdu;. ,jpy; khypf;fhG+u; Nfhapiy ,bf;f Miz gpwg;gpf;Fk; NghJ>
mq;F xU jtKdp FWf;fpl;L ,q;Nf flTs; tho;fpwhu;> ,jid ,bf;fhNj vd;whu;. clNd mg;gilj;jsgjp
ep&gpf;FkhW $wpdhd;. Cldbahf> ,q;Nf fhzg;gLk; fy;ahidf;F fUk;igf;nfhL> mJ mjidr;
rhg;gpLk; vd;whu;.jsgjp nfhLj;jTld; ahid fUk;gpid cz;ljhfTk;> jsgjp flTs; thOk; ,t;thyaj;ij
,bf;f Ntz;lhk; vd;Wk; $wptpl;Lr; nrd;wjhfTk; kf;fs; ,d;wsTk; ek;gp tUfpd;wdu;.
irt> it\;zt fUj;J Nkhjy;fspy; flTsu;fspd; mtjhuq;fSf;Fk; Nghl;bapid Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapy;
mjd; gw;whsu;fs; ele;J nfhz;ldu;. it\;ztj;jpy; $u;khtjhuk; vd;why;> irtj;jpy; $u;krk;`hu%u;j;jp
vd;W Xu; mtjhuj;ij Vw;gLj;jpdu;. NkYk;> kr;rhtjhuk;> tuhftjhuk; (it\;ztk;) vd;why;
kr;rahup> tuh`up> ruNg\;tuu; vd;Wk; Nghl;bf;FOf;fs; Nghd;W mtutu; flTsu;fisr;
rpj;jupj;Jf; nfhz;ldu;.
fpwp];jt rkaKk; ek; jkpofj;jpy; gy;NtW gpur;rpidfis re;jpj;jJ. kJuh kp\pidr; rhu;e;j
[hd;-b-gpupl;Nlh vd;gtu; fpwp];jt rkag;gug;ghsuhf jkpofk; te;jhu;. ,uhkehjGuk;
[kPd;jhupia Mz;L te;j fpotd; NrJgjp vd;w ,uz;lhk; ,uFehj NrJgjp (1671-1710) kjkhw;wk;
nra;tjw;fhf te;j [hd;-b-gpupl;Nlh vd;gtiu 1693 [dtupapy; rpiwg;gLj;jp> mNj Mz;by;
gpg;utupapy; nfhiy nra;jhu;. ,jpy; kdpjhgpkhdk; ,y;iy> ,jpy; xt;nthUtUk; jq;fs; kjj;jpd; Nky;
cs;s mgpkhdk; jhd; ntspg;gLfpd;wJ.
KbTiu:-
kdpj ,dkhdJ vd;WNk ahNuDk; xUtu; Neha;tha;g;gl;bUe;jhy;> mtu; Fzkila vy;yhk;
ty;y ,iwtid kl;Lk; tzq;Ffpd;wJ. NkYk; itj;jpaiuAk;>
mtUila MNyhridf;Nfw;g kUe;JfisAk; ifahs;fpd;wdu;> Fzkilfpd;wdu;. ,Wjpapy; flTis kl;LNk
KOg;nghWg;ghsdhfr; rpj;jupf;fpd;wdu;. kdpjd; jd;Nky; jhd; itj;Js;s ek;gpf;ifia xU NghJk;
ntspg;gLj;Jtjpy;iy.
,Nj Nghd;W jhNd md;W [hd;-b-gpupl;Nlh jd; rka Ntl;ifia ntspg;gLj;jp ,Ug;ghu;
vd;gij ed;F czu Kbfpd;wJ. rkzu;fSf;Fk;> rk;ge;jUf;Fk;> gioikthjpfSf;Fk;> kzths KdpfSf;Fk;>
ngsj;ju;fSf;Fk;> ,];yhkpau;fSf;Fk; ,q;Nf $wg;gl;Ls;s rka Ntl;if ,Ue;jpUf;Fk; vd;gjpy;
Iakpy;iy. Mdhy; xt;nthUtUk; nra;j jtW vd;dntd;why;> jq;fsJ rkaNk ngupaJ> cyfpy;
Njhd;wpa Kjy; rkak; jq;fs; rka ,iwtNd cyfpidg; gilj;jhd; vd;w Mzpj;jukhd ek;gpf;if. ,it
5
midj;Jk; vjw;fhf? flTisf; fhg;ghw;Wtjw;fhfth? Kdpj ,dj;jpid Nkhj tpLtjw;fhfth? ,d;iwa

cyfpw;Fj; Njit kdpjhgpkhdk;> md;G> mutizg;G kl;LNk. ,it %d;Wk; ,Ue;jhy; cyfNk
mikjpg;G+q;fhthf khWk; vd;w ek;gpf;if kdpjdJ kdjpy; Nt&d;w Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; rhjp> rka
NtWghLfisf; fise;j tpl;Nlhk; vd;W cjl;lstpy; epy;yhky;> kdjstpy; ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. md;id
njurh $w;iwg; Nghy;> “cynfq;Fk; md;gpidg; gut tpLq;fs;” (LOVE SPREAD EVERYWHERE)
vd;W $wp ,f;fl;Liuapidr; rku;g;gpf;fpNwd;.
E}w;gl;bay;:
1. Sethuraman,G. Facets of Indian Art and Culture, Madurai, 1995, p.63
2. Chandra Babu, B.S., Subaltern Revolts in Medieval Tamilnadu, Paper
presented to Glimpses of Tamilnadu History, SHS, Madurai, 2004,pp.51-52
3. www.saivam.org
4. NrJuhkd;> [p.> jkpo;ehl;L rKjhag;gz;ghl;Lf; fiy tuyhW>
kJiu>1997> gg.246-247.
5. gps;is> Nf. Nf.> njd;dpe;jpa tuyhW ghfk; 1> nrd;id> g. 191
6. ];thkp> v];.Nf.> mWgj;J %tu; fijfs;> nrd;id> 2008> gg. 442-462
7. NjtNerd;> jkpof tuyhW> g. 586

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1

,e;jpa rkaq;fspd; Nkhjy;fSk;> mjd; jhf;fq;fSk; - Xu; Ma;T

ekJ ,e;jpa ehlhdJ gy ,dq;fspd; mUq;fhl;rpafkhFk;. ,e;jpa rkakhdJ gy;NtW fUj;J

ekJ jkpofj;jpy; xU fhyj;jpy; irt-it\;zt> irt-rkz> irt-,];yhkpa-fpwpj;Jt> ,e;J-ngsj;j> it\;zt

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;J te;Js;sdu;. it\;zt ,yf;fpaq;fspy; $wg;gLk; tp\;Z gfthdpd; “fN[e;jpu

irtu;fSf;Fk;> rkzu;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa eilngw;w rkag; Nghl;bapid jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk; cWjp

midj;Jk; vjw;fhf? flTisf; fhg;ghw;Wtjw;fhfth? Kdpj ,dj;jpid Nkhj tpLtjw;fhfth? ,d;iwa

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