Scribd
Upload
59 views14 pages

Syntax: The Sentence Patterns of Language: Deny A. Kwary Airlangga University

The document discusses syntactic patterns in language, including parts of speech, grammaticality, phrase structure, and parsing sentences into trees. It defines grammatical and ungrammatical sentences, lists common syntactic categories like nouns and verbs, examines phrases like noun phrases and verb phrases, presents phrase structure rules, and provides examples of drawing tree diagrams to represent sentence structure.

Uploaded by

Jayaraj Kidao
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
59 views14 pages

Syntax: The Sentence Patterns of Language: Deny A. Kwary Airlangga University

The document discusses syntactic patterns in language, including parts of speech, grammaticality, phrase structure, and parsing sentences into trees. It defines grammatical and ungrammatical sentences, lists common syntactic categories like nouns and verbs, examines phrases like noun phrases and verb phrases, presents phrase structure rules, and provides examples of drawing tree diagrams to represent sentence structure.

Uploaded by

Jayaraj Kidao
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Syntax:

The Sentence Patterns of Language

Deny A. Kwary
http://www.kwary.net
Airlangga University
Grammatical vs. Ungrammatical
 Well-formed or grammatical sentence:
a sequence of words that conform to the
rules of syntax.
 Ill-formed or ungrammatical sentence:
a sequence of words that violate the
rules of syntax
Grammatical or Ungrammatical:
1. The boy found the ball
2. The boy found quickly
3. The boy found in the house
4. The boy found the ball in the house
5. Disa slept the baby
6. Disa slept soundly
Find: Transitive verb (with object)
pp. 119 - 120
Sleep: Intransitive verb (no object)
Syntactic Categories (1)

Lexical categories Examples


 Noun (N)  moisture, policy
 Verb (V)  melt, remain
 Adjective (A)  good, intelligent
 Preposition (P)  to, near

 Adverb (Adv)  slowly, now


Syntactic Categories (2)

Non-lexical categories Examples


 Determiner (Det)  the, this
 Degree word (Deg)  very, more
 Qualifier (Qual)  always, perhaps
 Auxiliary (Aux)  will, can

 Conjunction (Conj)  and, or


 Complementizer (Comp)  that (clause)
Indicate the category of each word in the
following sentences.
a. The glass suddenly broke.
Det / N / Adv / V
b. A jogger ran towards the end of the lane.
Det / N / V / P / Det / N / P / Det / N
c. The peaches never appear quite ripe.
Det / N / Qual / V / Deg / A
d. Gillian will play the trumpet and the drums in the orchestra.
N / Aux / V / Det / N / Conj / Det / N / P / Det / N
Phrases
 NP : Noun Phrase
The car, a clever student
 VP : Verb Phrase
study hard, play the guitar
 PP : Prepositional Phrase
in the class, above the earth
 AP : Adjective Phrase
very tall, quite certain
Phrase Structure Rules
 NP  (Det) N (PP)
 PP  P NP

The bus (NP) The bus in the yard


NP
Det N Det N PP

The bus P NP

Det N

The bus in the yard


Phrase Structure Rules
 VP  V (NP) (PP)
 S  NP (Aux) VP

took the money (VP) took the money from the bank
VP
V NP V NP PP
Det N
Det N P NP
took the money
Det N

took the money from the bank


Draw the tree diagram.
1. repaired the telephone
2. the success of the program
3. a film about pollution
4. move towards the window
5. cast a spell on the broomstick
The main structure rules
1. S  NP (Aux) VP
2. NP  (Det) (AP) N (PP)
3. VP  V (NP) (PP) (Adv) (CP)
4. PP  P NP
5. AP  Adj (PP)
6. CP  Comp S
Example (1)
The old tree swayed in the wind

NP Aux VP

Det Adj N V PP

P NP

Det N

The old tree past swayed in the wind


Example (2)
The children put the toy in the box

NP VP

Det N V NP PP

Det N P NP

Det N

The children put the toy in the box


Exercise # 7 a – e
p.167

You might also like