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Database Tables

The document discusses database tables, SQL statements, and SQL DML and DDL. It provides an example of a database table called "Persons" with columns for ID, last name, first name, address, and city. It explains that SQL statements like SELECT are used to perform actions on database tables and extracts data. SQL can be divided into DML for queries and updates, and DDL for creating/deleting tables and defining indexes.

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23 views2 pages

Database Tables

The document discusses database tables, SQL statements, and SQL DML and DDL. It provides an example of a database table called "Persons" with columns for ID, last name, first name, address, and city. It explains that SQL statements like SELECT are used to perform actions on database tables and extracts data. SQL can be divided into DML for queries and updates, and DDL for creating/deleting tables and defining indexes.

Uploaded by

ukrishk
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Tables

A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified by a name (e.g.
"Customers" or "Orders"). Tables contain records (rows) with data.

Below is an example of a table called "Persons":

P_Id LastName FirstName Address City


1 Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes
2 Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes
3 Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger

The table above contains three records (one for each person) and five columns (P_Id, LastName,
FirstName, Address, and City).

SQL Statements
Most of the actions you need to perform on a database are done with SQL statements.

The following SQL statement will select all the records in the "Persons" table:

SELECT * FROM Persons

In this tutorial we will teach you all about the different SQL statements.

Keep in Mind That...


• SQL is not case sensitive

Semicolon after SQL Statements?


Some database systems require a semicolon at the end of each SQL statement.

Semicolon is the standard way to separate each SQL statement in database systems that allow more
than one SQL statement to be executed in the same call to the server.

We are using MS Access and SQL Server 2000 and we do not have to put a semicolon after each SQL
statement, but some database programs force you to use it.

SQL DML and DDL


SQL can be divided into two parts: The Data Manipulation Language (DML) and the Data Definition
Language (DDL).
The query and update commands form the DML part of SQL:

• SELECT - extracts data from a database


• UPDATE - updates data in a database
• DELETE - deletes data from a database
• INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database

The DDL part of SQL permits database tables to be created or deleted. It also define indexes (keys),
specify links between tables, and impose constraints between tables. The most important DDL
statements in SQL are:

• CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database


• ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
• CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
• ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
• DROP TABLE - deletes a table
• CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
• DROP INDEX - deletes an index

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