INTERNATIONAL
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Why Information System
Need of information
Need of right information
Need of right information at the right time
Need of right information at the right time at the right
place
Need of right information at the right time at the right
place and act on it on time
All these are possible if we have a proper system.
Thus giving rise to Information System
Information Systems
A set of “people” , “procedures” & “Resources” that
collects transforms and disseminates information in an
organization
It is frequently used to refer to the interaction
between
people, processes, data and technology. In this sense,
the term is used to refer not only to the information
and communication technology (ICT) an organization
uses, but also to the way in which people interact with
this technology in support of business processes.
IT and IS
• What is Information Technology?
– Any form of technology used by people to handle
information.
• What are Information Systems?
– Integrated components processing, storing and
disseminating information in an organisation.
– Interdisciplinary study of systems that provide
information to users in organisations.
– Information systems help to control the performance
of business processes.
Management Information
Systems
• MIS
– The study of information systems focusing on their use
in business and management.
– It is a planned system of the collecting, processing,
storing and disseminating data in the form of
information needed to carry out the functions of
management.
• MIS 'lives' in the space that intersects technology and
business. MIS combines technology with business to get
people the information they need to do their jobs
better/faster/smarter.
• Approaches
– Technical
– Behavioural
– Sociotechnical
Managing International Information
Systems - Objectives
• Identify the major factors driving the internationalization of
the business.
• Compare strategies for developing global businesses
• Demonstrate how information systems can support different
global business strategies
• Evaluate the issues and technical alternatives to be considered
when developing international information systems
• Identify the challenges posed by global information systems and
management solutions
Global Product Development and Production
Figure 16-1
Global Product Development and Production
Idea of the product developed in singapore
Concept approved in Houston, USA
Concept design in Singapore
Engineering design in Taiwan
Final assembly in Australia, Singapore, India , China
Developing an International Information Systems
Architecture
International information systems architecture:
The basic information systems required by
organizations to coordinate worldwide trade and
other activities
Business driver:
A force in the environment to which businesses
must respond and that influences the direction of
the business
International Information Systems
Infrastructure
• The world just keeps getting smaller and smaller. No company
can afford to ignore foreign markets or the impact of foreign
competition on the domestic business environment.
• Information system is needed as that will support the
communications, coordination of people and products, and
order processing for both domestic and foreign markets.
• Companies need to understand the characteristics and
individual needs of foreign markets, just as the need of
understanding domestic markets.
• The basic information systems required by organizations to
coordinate worldwide trade and other activities.
International Information Systems Infrastructure
Figure 16-2
Business Challenges
General:
Cultural particularism: Regionalism,
nationalism, language differences
Social expectations: Brand-name expectations,
work hours
Political laws: Transborder data and privacy laws,
commercial regulations
Business Challenges
Specific:
Standards: Different Electronic Data Interchange
(EDI), telecommunications standards
Reliability: Phone networks not uniformly
reliable
Speed: Different data transfer speeds, many
slower than United States
Personnel: Shortages of skilled consultants
Global Strategies and Business Organization
Three kinds of organizational structure:
Centralized (in the home country)
Decentralized (to local foreign units)
Coordinated (all units participate as equals)
Business Strategies
Domestic exporter strategy:
Heavy centralization of corporate activities in the
home country of origin
Multinational strategy:
Centralized financial management and control
while decentralizing production, sales, and
marketing operations to units in other countries
Reorganizing the Business
To develop a global company and information
systems support structure:
Organize value-adding activities along lines of
comparative advantage
Develop and operate systems units at each level
of corporate activity —regional, national, and
international
Establish at world headquarters
Management Challenges in Developing Global Systems
Agreeing on common user requirements
Introducing changes in business processes
Coordinating applications development
Coordinating software releases
Encouraging local users to support global systems
Technology Challenges of Global Systems
Computing platforms and systems integration:
Develop global, distributed, and integrated
systems to support digital business processes
spanning national boundaries
Use of same hardware and operating system does
not guarantee integration.
Establish data and technical standards
Technology Challenges of Global Systems
Connectivity:
Overcoming disparate national technical
standards, data exchange restrictions and service
levels
User of Internet technology to create global
intranets, extranets, virtual private networks
(VPNs)
Software Challenges
Unique challenges for application software:
Cost of new interface designs
Integrating new systems with old
User interface design
• Differences in language and conventions
Management Opportunities
Ability to lower costs through global scale
economies by building international systems for
producing and selling goods and services in
different regions of the world
Managing International Information
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