GIS TECHNOLOGY AND ITS

APPLICATIONS
by
Mr. Junny A. Manglib
Faculty, ICT Department

ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Development Communication and Arts & Sciences
Department of Information and Communication Technology
Garita Heights, Cabagan, Isabela

10 March 2011 @1:30-2:30 PM

Environmental Information Center Hall
Introduction

 GIS has already affected most of us in some way without

realizing it. If you have ever using an internet mapping
software or program like (Google Earth Software) to find
directions, you have probably used GIS.

 GIS is now one of the powerful tool used to truly integrate

the enterprise by leveraging the spatial component of
data within the many enterprise databases. Almost all
data stored has an address or locational component of
each data record to build manage and analyze
relationships between the data records.
 In fact, an integrated GIS will allow an organization
to eliminate duplicate data storage , reduces data
maintenance and share data electronically across
function easily and also reduce data retrieval time
and eliminate the need to store multiple hardcopy
documents and maps.
Users’ Application Areas of GIS
1. Agriculture -(Ex. Irrigation and Water
management)
2. Management-( ex. Parks and Recreation
Management, Water Resource Management )
3. Natural Sciences-(Environmental Science
Assessment, Environment Impact
Assessment)
4. Physical Sciences-(Hydrology, Epidemiology,
Geochemistry)
5. Law-(Real Estate Analysis)
Users’ Application Areas of GIS
6. Engineering-(Environmental Engineering,
Geomatics(Surveying) , Transportation Engineering
and Planning)
7.Architecture-(Land use and Development Plan,
Landscape Architecture)
8. Business-(Economic and Management Research,
Decision Support Systems)
9. Education-(Research and Extension Activities,
continuing education(as elective course)
10. Library-(Map and Imagery Collections,
Government documents Archives and
Management)
Users’ Application Areas of GIS
11. Military Science-(Mapping, Tactics and Strategy)
12. Social Sciences-(Historic preservation, Area and Ethnic
Studies, Economic Studies, Tax Mapping and Revenue
Collection Analysis)
13. Local Government Sector-(Local Governance)
a. Public Safety-(monitoring and evaluation , health risk
assessment, Crime Analysis, Home Land Security)
b. Local Policies-(Strategic Planning)
c. Fiscal Management-(Tax Analysis and Mapping, zoning
and agribusiness analysis and forecasting)
d. Agriculture and Natural Resources-(Community Land use
Planning, Biodiversity Mapping, Watershed Management)
e. Public Service-(poverty analysis and mapping,
waste management, traffic management, locating
buildings and properties)
f. emergency management-GIS has been used to help
government and business entities meet the
challenges of major emergencies such as fire, police,
secure activity, public works, building and safety
emergencies.

Emergency Management Applications of GIS

includes:
1. managing and allocating resources,
2. planning(analysis based plans),
3. visual decision support system
4. risk assessment and planning)
Benefits of using GIS Technology
The benefit of using GIS technology in
Research and Extension Activities are as
follows;
1. Fast Response Capabilities
2. Saving Time
3. Fast Access of Information
4. Strong Analytic Capabilities
5. Reduce overheads in managing GIS
Projects
Learning GIS
Maybe you are asking what will be an
individual's qualifications to learn GIS.
Basically , for you to qualify;
(1). your Interest
(2). you should be computer literate.
(2). knowing the basic concepts and
theories behind the technology
(4). attend more trainings on GIS
(5). put into practice
WHAT IS GIS?
many experts offer definition of GIS with different
emphasis placed on various aspect of GIS.

GIS is a Spatial Decision Support System(SDSS)

designed for input, storage , analysis and output of
geographic data. A system that has the ability to integrate
information and to help people in making decisions.
According to William Huxhold's book, GIS is an organize
collection of computer hardware , software and
geographic data, and a trained staff. A system used to
efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate and display
all forms of geographically referenced information.
Components of a GIS
There are four components of GIS.
I have ranked these components according to its
importance.

 Firstly,DATA- The core of GIS. Data alone is not enough,

veracity of data and currentness' should be an important.

 Secondly, PEOPLE- Refers to a well-trained people and

knowledgeable in spatial analysis and skilled in using GIS
software.
(ex. Technical expert, GIS specialist)
Components of a GIS
 Thirdly, HARDWARE- This refers to the
equipment needed to support the activities of
GIS from data collection to data analysis. (ex.
digitizer, image scanner, printer, GPS)

 Fourthly, SOFTWARE- This refers to GIS

application package used for creating ,
editing, and analyzing spatial and attribute
data. (ex. GIS xtools, ArcView Software,
IDRISI, NRDBpro, ARCInfo, ATLAS, WEB-
GIS software)
SOURCES OF GIS DATA

Hardcopy maps
Aerial photographs
Remotely sensed imagery
Point data samples(from surveys
using GPS device)
Existing digital data files.
DATA INPUT TECHNIQUES IN GIS

Manual digitizing
Automatic Scanning
Entry of coordinates using Coordinate
Geometry(COGO)
Conversion of existing digital data
NEEDED IN ESTABLISHING GIS CENTER

Resources required to develop a GIS

Hardware Needed

1. Computer Equipment- Industry –standard personal computer

with at least a Pentium or higher Intel- based microprocessor and a
hard disk of not below 40 GB with CD-ROM drive

Memory (RAM)- at least 128 MB(512 or higher is recommended)

Operating System- Windows XP or Windows 7

RDBMS Software package installed= MS Office Access 2007,

Oracle or SQL
Resources required to develop a GIS

2. GPS device – for gathering geographic

data location
3. Large Inkjet Printer- for printing maps
and hardcopy outputs, etc.
4. Image Scanner- for scanning images
5. UPS – power back-up in case of power
outage
6. Digitizer- for digitizing paper maps
Software Needed
Software Specification
2. Arcview 3.2 package
3. AutoCAD
4. ArcInfo
5. IDRISI
6. NRDB Pro
7. Relational Database Management
System-(Oracle, Access, SQL)
Other Considerations
GIS Team (Technical Expert, GIS specialist,
Database programmer- training for GIS team is
very important for them to be abreast in the new
innovation.

Allocation of Budget- Annual Budget must be

allocated
Internet Connectivity (Internet Access)- for
capturing web-based GIS data and for easy
sharing of geographic data with the colleagues .
GIS DEVELOPMENT CYCLE

Needs assessment
Conceptual design of the GIS system
Life cycle of a GIS database
Survey of available data
Survey of available data
Detailed database design and planning
Pilot study and benchmark tests
GIS Database Construction
GIS System Integration
GIS Application Development
GIS System use and Maintenance
GIS DEVELOPMENT CYCLE
Need
Assessment

Conceptual Database Construction of GIS System

Design Planning and GIS Database Integration
Designing GIS Use and
Database
Maintenance

Survey of Pilot Testing or Acquisition Application

Available Bench mark Development
of GIS HW
Data and SW

Hardware
and
Software
Survey
GIS Development Cycle
1. Evaluating the content accuracy and availability of
existing data sets or maps
2. Preparation of data models of the GIS database
3. Survey of available data Identification of the basic
GIS architecture (ex. Hardware and GIS software)
4. Survey of available data can commence once
needed data have been identified in the needs
assessment. The inventory of tabular and digital data
.
5. Survey of available GIS hardware and software
thorough internet for updates on the specs and prices
GIS Development Cycle
6. Developing a logical or physical database design based on
the data model prepared
7. Benchmark tests are intended to demonstrate the
functionality of the GIS software
8. Building the digital database from the source data(maps and
tabular files)
9. The database must be created in a careful and organized
manner and it must be integrated and tested for reality and
functionality
10. Development of GIS application with all the functions
needed to create , edit , build and maintain the database
usually by GIS personnel or trained staff.
11. Use and maintain the GIS system
STAFFING REQUIREMENTS FOR A GIS

GIS project manager

Skilled Database Programmer
GIS Software Analyst

THANK YOU!