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Group Members: Hitec University

This lab report summarizes an experiment on verifying the importance of NAND and NOR gates. The objective was to show that NAND and NOR gates are universal gates that can be used to develop all other basic logic gates. The experiment involved using a DLD unit and IC chips to build various logic gates like AND, OR, NOT from NAND and NOR gates. Truth tables were developed to verify the functionality of the gates. The conclusion was that using NAND and NOR gates simplifies circuit design, improves efficiency and reduces costs compared to using separate ICs for each gate type.

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56 views8 pages

Group Members: Hitec University

This lab report summarizes an experiment on verifying the importance of NAND and NOR gates. The objective was to show that NAND and NOR gates are universal gates that can be used to develop all other basic logic gates. The experiment involved using a DLD unit and IC chips to build various logic gates like AND, OR, NOT from NAND and NOR gates. Truth tables were developed to verify the functionality of the gates. The conclusion was that using NAND and NOR gates simplifies circuit design, improves efficiency and reduces costs compared to using separate ICs for each gate type.

Uploaded by

bilal309
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Microprocessor and Logic Design Laboratory Work Book

HITEC UNIVERSITY
Heavy Industries Taxila Education City, Taxila Cantt

Department of Electrical Engineering


Lab Report

Course Title : Microprocessor and Logic Design

Course Code : EE-303


Semester : 4th

Section : B

Group Members

1. ADNAN SHAHEEN ABBASI ME11

2. M UMAIR SIKENDAR ME 99

3. ATIQ –UR -REHMAN ME


Experiment No: 1
Objective:
To verify the importamce of NAND & NOR gates

Schematic Diagram: nand & nor gate

Apparatus:
DLD unit ,Truser, Wires ,IC (NOR , NAND GATES),

Procedure:
In procedure we first placed ic in breadboard firmly then check ic is lose or not.

Then seventh no of pin from left side of notch is connected to ground wire & first
pin of the right side of the notch is connected connect to 5 volte .

Then output wire are connected on proper place .

In this experiment we made all type of gates from Nand & Nor gate . So Nand ,
Nor is also called universal gates because all types of gates are made from it.

To develop NOT gate from NAND:-

NOT

No of Input Output
observation A E
1 1 0
2 0 1

To develop AND gates from NAND gate;-

AND

Truth table
No of A B Q
observation
1 1 0 0
2 I I 1
3 0 I 0
4 0 0 0

To develop OR gate from NAND:-

OR

Truth table
No of
observation A B E
1 0 0 0
2 1 0 1
3 O 1 1
4 1 1 1

To develop the NOR gate from NAND gate:-


NOR

Truth Table
No of
observation A B E
1 0 0 1
2 1 0 0
3 0 1 0
4 1 1 0

NOR gate is also universal gate so we can made different types of gates from it. Some
is as given below.
NOT gate is design from NOR gate:-

NOR

Truth table
No of obsevation c a
1 0 1
2 1 0

Using NOR gate to foam AND gate

Truth table

A+B =A.B

No of
observation A B Q
1 0 0 O
2 1 0 O
3 0 1 O
4 1 1 1

To develop OR gate from NOR gate:-


Truth table:-
No of
observation A B Q
1 0 0 0
2 1 0 1
3 0 1 1
4 1 1 1

De –Morgen laws
A.B=A+B
A+B=A.B
A.B=A+B
A+B=A.B
Observations and Result:
NAND & NOR is a universal gate because all types of gates are made
from it. In this way curcit is become simplified, efficiency is increase &
Cost is reduce . for example we made EX-OR GATES of mobile we
need three different types 0f gates means three ic to made it. Big
disadvantage of this curcit is that it take more space price of mobile is
increase & efficiency of mobile decrease.we learnt that our goal in
practical is to developed small curcit
Referances

Google search
Lab lecture
DLD book morris mono

Checked and verified by

(Eng. Adeel Ahmad)

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