Code No: RR310102 Set No.

1
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING-I
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Define Irrigation. What is the necessity of irrigation.

(b) Describe in brief some of the important irrigation projects and multipurpose
river valley projects undertaken or completed after independence of our coun-
try. [8+8]

2. (a) Define outlet factor, capacity factor, full supply coefficient and root zone
depth.
(b) The CCA for a distributory is 15000 ha. The intensity of irrigation is 40%
for rabi and 10% for rice. If kor period is 4 weeks for rabi and 2.5 weeks for
rice, determine the outlet discharge. Outlet factor for rabi and rice may be
assumed as 1800 ha/m3 /sec and 775 ha/m3 /sec. What is design discharge of
distributory head at 10% conveyance. [8+8]

3. (a) Hydrology is a highly interdisciplinary science. Justify.

(b) Describe the hydrologic cycle with a neat sketch. [8+8]

4. (a) What do you mean by Antecedent precipitation index. Explain.

(b) List out and explain various physiographic factors affecting runoff. [8+8]

5. (a) Distinguish between:

i. Vadose zone and phreatic zone
ii. Aquiclude and Aquitard
iii. Transmissivity and storativity
(b) An unconfined aquifer has an areal extent of 15 km2 . When 9.5 million cubic
metres of water was pumped out, the water table was observed to go down
by 2.4 m. What is the specific yield of the aquifer? If the water table of the
same aquifer rises by 12.5 m during a monsoon season, what is the volume of
recharge? [9+7]

6. (a) What is the necessity of drainage below the lining. Discuss the various drainage
and pressure release arrangements.
(b) Using Lacey’s basic regime equations, derive an expression for Lacey’s scour
depth. [8+8]

7. (a) Draw a typical cross section of a barrage founded on pervious foundations and
explain its salient features.

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Code No: RR310102 Set No. 1
(b) What is meant by scour. What precautions do you take against it during the
design of weirs. [8+8]

8. (a) What do you understand by critical gradient. What will happen if the critical
gradient is exceeded. What is Khoslas safe exit gradient.
(b) Explain how Khoslas theory is modification over Bligh’s theory. [8+8]

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Code No: RR310102 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING-I
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Write an essay on History of irrigation developments in India.

(b) Discuss in detail the ill effects of irrigation. [8+8]
2. (a) Explain as how the following factors affect the duty of a crop.
i. Soil and sub-soil condition
ii. Stage of growth
iii. Temperature
iv. Rainfall.
(b) Compute the depth and frequency of irrigation required for a certain crop if
root zone depth is 100 cm, field capacity is 22%, wilting point is 12%, density
o soil is 1.5 gm/c.c, consumptive use is 25 mm/day and efficiency of irrigation
is 50%. Assume 50% depletion of available moisture before application of
irrigation water at field capacity. [8+8]
3. (a) Discuss various methods of reducing evaporation from a water body.
(b) The Hortons infiltration equation for a basin is given by f=10+30 e−0.8t where
f is in mm/hr and t is in hours. What are the values of f0 , fc and k. If a storm
occurs on this basin with an intensity of more than 40 mm/hr, determine the
depth of infiltration for the first one hour and the average infiltration rate for
the first two hours. [8+8]
4. (a) Explain how runoff is estimated using Khosla’s method.
(b) Explain with a neat sketch how the storage requirement to meet a uniform
demand rate can be determined using a mass curve. [8+8]
5. (a) Define cone of depression and radius of influence. Explain steady state radial
flow in an aquifer.
(b) Calculate the coefficient of permeability from the following data of a 15 cm
diameter strainer tube well discharging 50 lps. The length of the strainer is
40 m and the drawdown is 5 m. The radius of influence may be assumed as
300 m. Determine the discharge when
i. the depression head is increased to 6m.
ii. the well diameter is increased to 30 cm.
iii. the strainer length is increased to 60 m. [8+8]
6. (a) What are Lacey’s basic regime equations. Starting from these equations derive
the equations for wetted perimeter, Hydraulic Radius and Bed slope.

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Code No: RR310102 Set No. 2
(b) Explain the construction of brick tile lining. Draw and explain single tile and
double tile lining. [8+8]

7. (a) What are the different types of weirs. Discuss their salient features.
(b) What are the functions of under sluices in a diversion head works. Discuss the
general requirements of the under sluices. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain Khosla’s theory and concept of flow nets with the help of neat sketches.
(b) Explain the surface flow considerations involved in the design of thickness of
sloping glacis and the down stream floor of a weir for different flow consider-
ations. [8+8]

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Code No: RR310102 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING-I
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What is meant by furrow irrigation and sprinkler irrigation. Which one is
preferred in India and why.
(b) Write short notes on:
i. Sodium Absorption Ratio.
ii. Irrigation water quality improvement. [8+8]
2. (a) Define base period, crop period, Intensity of irrigation and cash crops.
(b) Water is released at the rate of 5 cumecs at the head sluice. If the duty at the
field is 100 hectares/cumec and the loss of water in transit is 30%, find the
area of the land that can be irrigated. [8+8]
3. (a) Describe different methods of determining the average depth of rainfall over
an area. Bring out merits and demerits of each method.
(b) A 3 hour storm occurred at a place and the precipitations in the neighboring
raingauge stations P, Q and R were measured as 3.8, 4.1 and 4.5 cm respec-
tively. The precipitation in the neighboring station S could not be measured
since the raingauge is inoperative. The normal precipitations in the four sta-
tions P, Q, R and S as per IMD were 45, 48, 53 and 50 cm respectively.
Estimate the storm precipitation at station S. [8+8]
4. (a) Explain Depression storage and Detention storage.
(b) List out and explain various climatic factors affecting runoff. [8+8]
5. (a) What are the advantages of ground water compared to surface water. Also
explain the occurance of ground water.
(b) In a recuperation test on an open well, the water level was depressed by 4
m and it was observed to rise by 2.5 m in 90 minutes. What is the specific
capacity of the well. What would be the yield from the well under a depression
head of 3m, if the diameter of the well is 7.5 m. [8+8]
6. (a) What is the necessity of drainage below the lining. Discuss the various drainage
and pressure release arrangements.
(b) Using Lacey’s basic regime equations, derive an expression for Lacey’s scour
depth. [8+8]
7. (a) What is the difference between a diversion head works and storage head works.
What considerations will you have while selecting site for a diversion head
works.

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Code No: RR310102 Set No. 3
(b) What are the functions of a silt excluder. Discuss the various design consid-
erations. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the design procedure of a vertical drop weir by Khoslas theory.
(b) Explain the correction for mutual interference of piles and how it is applied
with the help of Khoslas curves. [8+8]

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Code No: RR310102 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING-I
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Distinguish between

i. Perennial Irrigation and Inundation Irrigation.
ii. Direct irrigation and river canal irrigation
iii. Storage irrigation and diversion irrigation.
(b) What do you understand by major projects, medium projects and minor
projects. [9+7]

2. (a) Discuss optimum utilization of irrigation water. Also discuss irrigation effi-
ciencies.
(b) An area of 1 ha was irrigated in 10 hours with a stream of 30 lit/sec. Depth of
root zone was 1 m and available moisture holding capacity 16 cm/m. Irrigation
was given when 50% of available moisture was depleted water application
efficiency was 60%. Determine the water storage efficiency. [8+8]

3. (a) Describe the principle and working of a weighing bucket type recording rain
gauge with a neat sketch. Mention its advantages and disadvantages.
(b) The isohyets drawn for a storm which occurred over a drainage basin of area
950 km2 yielded the following information.
Isohyet Interval (mm) 85-75 75-65 65-55 55-45 45-35
Area between isohyets (km2 ) 125 236 264 175 150

[8+8]

4. (a) How is runoff estimated using stranger’s tables and Barlow’s tables.
(b) What is a flow duration curve. How is it constructed. [8+8]

5. (a) Define cone of depression and radius of influence. Explain steady state radial
flow in an aquifer.
(b) Calculate the coefficient of permeability from the following data of a 15 cm
diameter strainer tube well discharging 50 lps. The length of the strainer is
40 m and the drawdown is 5 m. The radius of influence may be assumed as
300 m. Determine the discharge when
i. the depression head is increased to 6m.
ii. the well diameter is increased to 30 cm.
iii. the strainer length is increased to 60 m. [8+8]

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Code No: RR310102 Set No. 4
6. (a) What do you mean by balanced depth off cutting. Obtain an expression for
balanced depth of cutting for a channel of a given cross section.
(b) What are the qualities of a good lining material. How far these qualities are
satisfied by cement concrete lining. [8+8]

7. (a) What are the two principal methods of regulating the canal supplies in a di-
version head works scheme. What are their comparative merits and demerits.
(b) Discuss the use of guide banks and marginal bunds in a river regulator scheme.
[8+8]

8. Design a vertical drop weir using Bligh’s theory for the following data.

(a) Maximum flood discharge = 1200 cumecs.

(b) HFL before construction of weir = 172.5 m
(c) River Bed Level = 168.0 m
(d) FSL of canal = 171.5 m
(e) Allowable Afflux = 1 m
(f) Coefficient of creep = 11
The weir wall need not be designed and its dimensions may be taken as top
width = 3 m; Bottom width = 6 m. Assume any other data not given. [16]

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