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How To Read A Log

1) The document discusses formation evaluation using well logs. It provides examples of common well logs like gamma ray, resistivity, and porosity logs. 2) Properties that well logs can measure are discussed, such as natural radioactivity, electron density, acoustic travel time, and hydrocarbon index. 3) Examples of gamma ray, resistivity, and porosity logs are shown and the information that can be inferred from each log is described, such as identifying shale from gamma rays or permeability from resistivity.

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259 views24 pages

How To Read A Log

1) The document discusses formation evaluation using well logs. It provides examples of common well logs like gamma ray, resistivity, and porosity logs. 2) Properties that well logs can measure are discussed, such as natural radioactivity, electron density, acoustic travel time, and hydrocarbon index. 3) Examples of gamma ray, resistivity, and porosity logs are shown and the information that can be inferred from each log is described, such as identifying shale from gamma rays or permeability from resistivity.

Uploaded by

san688
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Formation Evaluation

PETE 663
Formation
o at o Evaluation
a uat o

Summer Semester 2010

How to Read a Log

Dr. David S. Schechter

1
Formation Evaluation

Example Log
001) BONANZA 1
GRC ILDC RHOC DT
0 150 0.2 200 1.95 2.95 150 us/f 50
SPC SNC CNLLC
-160 MV 40 0.2 200 0.45 -0.15
ACAL MLLCF
6 16 0.2 200
10700

10800

10900

2
Formation Evaluation

Properties Logs Actually Measure

• Natural radioactivity

• Electron density

• Acoustic travel time

• Hydrocarbon index

• Photoelectric absorption

3
Formation Evaluation

Gamma Ray Log


• Measures natural radioactivity of
formation
– Potassium (K)
– Uranium (U)
– Thorium (Th)
• Indicates shale present
p

4
Formation Evaluation

Example GR Log
001) BONANZA 1
GRC ILDC RHOC DT
0 150 0.2 200 1.95 2.95 150 us/f 50
SPC SNC CNLLC
-160 MV 40 0.2 200 0.45 -0.15
GRC ACAL MLLCF
6 16 0.2 200
0 150
10700

10800

GR
Log

10900

5
Formation Evaluation

Fluorescent Intervals in 1U Sand

• Sharp transition
between oil
saturated pay and
non pay observed
non-pay
by fluorescence in
core samples

6
Formation Evaluation

Caliper Log
001) BONANZA 1
GRC ILDC RHOC DT
0 150 0.2 200 1.95 2.95 150 us/f 50
SPC SNC CNLLC
-160 MV 40 0.2 200 0.45 -0.15
ACAL MLLCF
6 16 0.2 200
10700
ACAL
6 16

10800

Caliper
Log
10900

7
Formation Evaluation

Spontaneous Potential (SP)


• Measures the electrical potential in
the formation caused by the salinity
difference between the drilling mud
and the formation water

• SP is generally an indicator of
permeability

8
Formation Evaluation

SP Log
001) BONANZA 1
GRC ILDC RHOC DT
0 150 0.2 200 1.95 2.95 150 us/f 50
SPC SNC CNLLC
-160 MV 40 0.2 200 0.45 -0.15
ACAL MLLCF
6 16 0.2 200
SPC
10700
-160 MV 40

10800

SP
Log

10900

9
Formation Evaluation

Example Log With Resistivity


001) BONANZA 1
GRC ILDC RHOC DT
0 150 0.2 200 1.95 2.95 150 us/f 50
SPC SNC CNLLC
-160 MV 40 0.2 200 0.45 -0.15 ILDC
ACAL MLLCF
6 16 0.2 200 0.2 200
10700

SNC
0.2 200

MLLCF
0.2 200
10800

10900
Resistivity
Log

10
Formation Evaluation

Porosity Logs
• 3 main types

– Bulk density

– Compensated neutron

– Sonic (acoustic)

11
Formation Evaluation

Bulk Density Log


001) BONANZA 1
GRC ILDC RHOC DT
0 150 0.2 200 1.95 2.95 150 us/f 50
SPC SNC CNLLC
-160 MV 40 0.2 200 0.45 -0.15
ACAL MLLCF
6 16 0.2 200
RHOC
10700
1.95 2.95

10800

Bulk Density
10900
Log

12
Formation Evaluation

Bulk Density Log Example


001) BONANZA 1
GRC ILDC RHOC DT
0 150 0.2 200 1.95 2.95 150 us/f 50
SPC SNC CNLLC
-160 MV 40 0.2 200 0.45 -0.15
ACAL MLLCF
6 16 0.2 200
10700

Bulk Density
Log

10800

10900

13
Formation Evaluation

Example Solution Density Log


001) BONANZA 1
GRC ILDC RHOC DT
0 150 0.2 200 1.95 2.95 150 us/f 50
SPC SNC DPHI
-160 MV 40 0.2 200 0.45 -0.15
ACAL MLLCF
6 16 0.2 200
10700

DPHI

10800

10900

14
Formation Evaluation

Neutron Log

• Logging tool emits high energy


neutrons into formation
• Neutrons collide with nuclei of
formation’s atom
• Neutrons lose energy (velocity) with
each collision

15
Formation Evaluation

Porosity From Neutron Log


001) BONANZA 1
GRC ILDC RHOC DT
0 150 0.2 200 1.95 2.95 150 us/f 50
SPC SNC CNLLC
-160 MV 40 0.2 200 0.45 -0.15
ACAL MLLCF
6 16 0.2 200
CNLLC
10700
0.45 -0.15

10800

Neutron
N t
10900
Log

16
Formation Evaluation

Example Compensated Neutron Log


001) BONANZA 1
GRC ILDC RHOC DT
0 150 0.2 200 1.95 2.95 150 us/f 50
SPC SNC CNLLC
-160 MV 40 0.2 200 0.45 -0.15
ACAL MLLCF
6 16 0.2 200
10700

Neutron
Log

10800

10900

17
Formation Evaluation

Example Problem Neutron Log


001) BONANZA 1
GRC ILDC RHOC DT
0 150 0.2 200 1.95 2.95 150 us/f 50
SPC SNC CNLLC
-160 MV 40 0.2 200 0.45 -0.15
ACAL MLLCF
6 16 0.2 200
10700

CNLLC

10800

10900

18
Formation Evaluation

Example Solution Neutron Log


001) BONANZA 1
GRC ILDC RHOC DT
0 150 0.2 200 1.95 2.95 150 us/f 50
SPC SNC CNLLC
-160 MV 40 0.2 200 0.45 -0.15
ACAL MLLCF
6 16 0.2 200
10700

CNLLC

10800

10900

19
Formation Evaluation

Sonic Log
001) BONANZA 1
GRC ILDC RHOC DT
0 150 0.2 200 1.95 2.95 150 us/f 50
SPC SNC CNLLC
-160 MV 40 0.2 200 0.45 -0.15
ACAL MLLCF
6 16 0.2 200
DT
10700
150 us/f 50

10800

Sonic
Log

10900

20
Formation Evaluation

Example Sonic Log


001) BONANZA 1
GRC ILDC RHOC DT
0 150 0.2 200 1.95 2.95 150 us/f 50
SPC SNC CNLLC
-160 MV 40 0.2 200 0.45 -0.15
ACAL MLLCF
6 16 0.2 200
10700

Sonic
Log

10800

10900

21
Formation Evaluation

Example Solution Sonic Log


001) BONANZA 1
GRC ILDC RHOC DT
0 150 0.2 200 1.95 2.95 150 us/f 50
SPC SNC CNLLC SPHI
-160 MV 40 0.2 200 0.45 -0.15 45 ss -15
ACAL MLLCF
6 16 0.2 200
10700

10800

SPHI

10900

22
Formation Evaluation

Example Gas Effect


001) BONANZA 1
GRC ILDC RHOC DT
0 150 0.2 200 1.95 2.95 150 us/f 50
SPC SNC CNLLC
-160 MV 40 0.2 200 0.45 -0.15
ACAL MLLCF
6 16 0.2 200
10700

10800

10900

23
Formation Evaluation

Fluid Distribution
VCL ILDC RHOCN GAS
0 dec 1 0.2 ohmm 200 1.65 us/f 2.65 1 us/f 0
CNLLSS BVW
0 VCL 0.6 0 1 dec 0
DTC OIL
VCL 1 135 us/f 55 1 0
BVWG
RHOCN CNLLSS 1 0
SW
1 dec -1

10750

10800

24

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