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Lecture (7 4 2011)

Maslow's hierarchy of needs organizes human motivations into a pyramid with five levels: physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. McGregor's Theory X assumes that workers dislike work and must be coerced, while Theory Y assumes that workers can exercise self-direction and self-control in the pursuit of objectives. Behavioral theorists emphasize scientific research to develop theories about human behavior in organizations and provide practical guidelines for managers. Theory Z combines positive aspects of American and Japanese management styles into a modified approach aimed at increasing managerial effectiveness.

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57 views11 pages

Lecture (7 4 2011)

Maslow's hierarchy of needs organizes human motivations into a pyramid with five levels: physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. McGregor's Theory X assumes that workers dislike work and must be coerced, while Theory Y assumes that workers can exercise self-direction and self-control in the pursuit of objectives. Behavioral theorists emphasize scientific research to develop theories about human behavior in organizations and provide practical guidelines for managers. Theory Z combines positive aspects of American and Japanese management styles into a modified approach aimed at increasing managerial effectiveness.

Uploaded by

kaif0331
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Self-actualisation

Esteem

Social

Safety

Physiological
Physiological
It includes hunger, thirst, shelter and
other bodily needs.

Safety
It includes security and protection
from physical and emotional harm.
Social
It includes affection,
belongingness,
acceptance, and
friendship.
Esteem
It includes internal
esteem factors such as
self-respect, autonomy,
achievement; and
external esteem factors
such as status,
recognition, and
attention.
Self-Actualization
The drive to become
what one is capable
of becoming;
includes growth, and
achieving one’s
potential.
McGregor’s Theory X & Y
McGregor’s Theory X

Work
Work avoiding
avoiding

Need
Need to
to control
control

Avoid
Avoidresponsibility
responsibility

2–7
McGregor’s Theory Y

Work
Work is
is natural
natural

Capable
Capableof
ofself-direction
self-direction

Seek
Seek responsibility
responsibility

2–8
Behavioral Science
Behavioral Theorists
This approach emphasizing scientific research as the
basis for developing theories about human behavior
in organizations, and provide practical guidelines for
managers.

Emerging Theories
Theory Z
Concept combining positive aspects of American
and Japanese management styles into a modified
approach aimed at increasing managerial
effectiveness while remaining compatible with the
norms and values of society and culture.
Type A Type J
• Short-term employment  Lifetime employment
• Individual decision  Consensual decision
making making
• Individual responsibility  Collective responsibility

Type Z (Modified American)


• Long-term employment
• Consensual decision making
• Individual responsibility
Knowledge Management (KM)
Art of creating value from organization’s
intangible assets.

Learning Organization (LO)


An organization that has developed the
capacity to continuously learn, adapt, and
change.

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