wn: EPAC 3100/3500 Numerical distance relay with integrated automatic and control functions Features * Additional overload, overvoliage _* Real time calendar clock of fault « Fully numerical distance eloy ‘and undervoltage protection reports and oscilography, designed to protect overhead Functions * IRIGB port for realtime clock igned to px Pe lines and underground cables. * Power swing blocking synchronisation, * Typical operating time 1.25 + Switchonofault protection * Substation communications via K- cycles bbus or VDEW {IEC 870:5.103 4 7 * Paralle! line compensation protecol * Up to six independent zones protection, * Wealkinleed and echo operation. «Comprehensive selfchecking and + Dual distance protection * Check synchronising function larms. ‘algorithms. '* Automatic single and/or three- User's tools + Independent directional Pole auto-reclose function * Front panel display, eecgurtent element for eddiionel « Four independent, vser selectable Win PAC softwone (offline (eackup) protection selling groups. seting), * Quadrilateral choracterisic used Fault locotion and instrumentation, WinTPE software (oscillography for all ype of faults, eee : software (oscilography), *+ Ten fault reports stored in non * Courier™ communication: * Comprehensive range of volatile mass memory with PAST or CAS:W softwore Protection schemes. ‘vtomatic downloading to 0 (ontine seting). * Single ond three pole tripping printer. * Comprehensive directional earth * Oscillography stored in non foul (DEF) protection with backup volatile memory. Average IDMT element for high resistance capacity of 40 S.second records earth faults through data compression.Figure EAC 3100 ey Introduction EPAC is o fully numericol protection equipment designed for distribution cond/or transmission networks that are solidly earthed, impedance earthed or earthed vie a Petersen coil The reloy is fully compotible with the ALSTOM K-range of relays and can be integrated into an overall protection and control system uilising is integra serial communications facility Models available There ore 12 different models ceccording to the feotures required These models ore described ino table, page 16 of this publication: Recopivlation of features per models Appl EPAC is suitable for the protection of overhead lines and underground cables and can be used as the main or backup distence protection for networks whether they are solidly earthed, impedance earthed or earthed vio @ Petersen coil. The resistance reach coverage value per zone is perfectly adopted to short line and cable protection. ions ‘Two independent earth fault factors, KOI used for zone 1 and KO2 for the other zones are particularly beneficial to hybrid line ‘opplicotions. Its protection scheme simultaneously employs fost elgorithms, using superimposed values in order to eliminate load current, which respond only to fault related phase volues, and conventional algorithms using values measured during the fault in the same way as conventional protection This dual algorithm principle allows the relays to detect all types of faults occurring in the network VT's or CVT's may be on a line or ‘on busbor side. There is a comprehensive selection ‘of protection schemes allowing single ot three pole tripping with or without a signalling channel Additional protection functions such 6s DEF, overload, under and over voltage protection, complement the distance protection and allow single or threepole tripping when the impedance point relative to the foult is outside the quadriloteral characteristic Relay characters Functions Phase selector Fost algorithms compre superimposed currents, Conventional elgorithms use overcurrent ot impedance criteria Fault direction The fault direction is obtained by calculating the sign of the superimposed energy for the fast algorithms or measuring the phase shift between the prefaul volioge (10 s memory voltage) and the fault current for the conventional algorithms. Distance-to-fault measurement Distance to the fault is measured by discriminating between the voltage drop on the line and that caused by the fault. This removes the error due to the fault resistance irrespective of the load current. A least squares method is used to get the algorithms to converge rapidly Distance protection Six zones of protection for all types of fouls ore provided cs shows'n Figure 2. They are * Zone | forward directional instantaneous or imedelayed trip zone. cond Zone 1X forward directional used for zone reach control scheme, instantaneous or time-delayed trip zone.[Fees Caen saceop * Zone 2 forward directional fime- delayed trip zone. * Zone 3 forward or reverse directional time delayed trip zone. * Zone 4 forward directional time delayed trip zone, '* Zone 5 reverse directional time delayed trip zone. The backup overcurrent protection permis the clearance of fous eyond zones 4 and 5 using hwo directional or nondirectional time delayed thresholds as shown in Figure 3, Busbar isolation Busbor isolation mode is used to isolate busbors if there is a fault ‘near them in order to reduce the foul current quickly. This 4zone mode is nondirectional as the link must be broken quickly since the fault may originate from a busbar situated in the forward or reverse direction of the protection device os shown in Figure 4. Earth fault direction isolated or Petersen coi earthed networks The RNI module allows the EPAC to protect overhead lines and Underground cables when the neutral of the network is isolated or earthed by an impedance or by Petersen coil. The PWH function (wattmetric element) in the RNI module determines the direction of Permanent or intermittent phase-o- earth faults ‘Scheme functions The relay is fitted with o comprehensive selection of scheme functions. Single-ended schemes include: * Basic scheme logic for stand clone operation {without signalling channel), * Zone 1 extention scheme to permit high speed reclosure when no signaling chonnel is ovaleble (zone reach extention), Carrier aided schemes for two and three terminal feeders: * Permissive underreach transfer tripping scheme (PUTT or PUP forward), * Permissive overreach transfer tripping scheme (POTT or PORI), * Accelerated underreach scheme [AUP or PUR), * Blocking underreach scheme (80R1), * Blocking overreach scheme (80R2]. Teetine applications may use hwo different schemes. Additional features + Switch-ontofault (SOT), overcurrent and distance fault detection, * Power Swing Blocking, based on measuring the time necessary for the three single loops to cross the power swing band (R surrounding the startup characteristic (Figure 2). * Voltoge Transformer Supervision for the detection of the VT fuse failure or miniature circuit breaker operation. | Fiewe 4 Basbsrolition * Detection of the 2nd harmonic current (inrush curren!) fo protect against maloperation due to transformer inrush conditions. * Foul detection and clearance during « single-phase cycle in progress. * The Weak Infeed mode of the lay is used when the infeed to line end is too low to detect o fault. In this mode the relay is ‘able fo trip single- or three pole. Protection against high resistance earth fault The role of his protection is to detect resistive earth faults which resistance is outside the Gpodtoteral characteristic ofthe stance protection, The main protection is realised by o directional comparison element using zero sequence quantities. Its backup earth foult protection is led by an inverse definite vn ine DM delayed element using the zerosequence directional current or the zero- sequence directional power. Directional earth fault comparison protection (DEF) for 2 or 3 terminals Directional comparison protection ‘operates in conjunction with one or two remote end relays. The DEF protection is able to trip single- or threepole using permissive or blocking scheme logic. The transmission channels may be the same as those used by the distance protection or may be independent Teeline applications may use two diffrent schemes.”ANSI/IEE curves uf tT Moda ins. ery vena bane i 10 100 Caer (ripe of) Exremely inverse Vetere one 2088 i seedinem ontop} Nevinee fase #2) ( |EC curves 1000 01 T 10 100 Cen (ruil of) Standard inverse Very inverse Extremely inverse Is eorh ft oert Ie satan pick abe P “ersequnce power rotecon wih iese dla ine Opernginn- 2 : So 10VK: Ub I: P= proamnabe fer Iremecneed idl caer Ur « neoured ral loge tDMr IDMT earth fault protection The IDMT directional overcurrent or high resistance earth foult remains ater a fixed time delay, + Inverse time delayed directional zero sequence: the value of its time delay varies in relation with zero sequence power elements are The valve of this time delay varies in relation with the volue of the fault the values of the zero sequence used as backup protection: current and voltage ond the *# The IDMT directional overcurrent protection trips the three poles of the associated circuit breaker if 0 ‘current and the type of the inverse time curve selected, see Figure 5 equation described in Figure 5HV network with VI EHV network with CVT Operating «0 ] 1 Tie | ee le elle Tos 1 0 1% % © 50 0 70 . Peoch Fae Zone | 1B oporing snes fr phate outa Gas HV network with VI EHV network with CVT paring 40 pert "im "te ry os) a5 20 2s s © 1 2% 30 49 50 wo 70 © © 10 2% 30 49 50 40 70 och och Pe) Fie? “an 154 aerating tin or planet pane ke HY network with VI EHV network with CVT Opwoing 40 Onering 45 — Tre coy img (ea s x: <= cf 2 50h X si0 rd 2s hese [0 sac 0 10 2% 30 4 50 4 70 90 feoch Fisch Zane 150 He operating tne for phse-phe-ncutal Gs HV notwork with VI EHV network with CVT peaing Operating 45 T Ty ms toa Tr] smi | 2 10 % 3% 4 3 60 70 B0 0 10 2 30 49 50 60 70 0 . frock eoch fe) Figwe®, Zove | 51 He operating cines for phase uls 6Conta yt: Kos couree ‘orveW g Deughler boards Te aclogen ida concent) From pon ~—Reor pon miG8 —_ i a _ it] © aoe pain ancoge || 1 a Sheen ace pee eo oat = | oe ec k =| ae) eee | tod tee (ra mein ers 2/712 JL —T Wap beat =] Tower — o-__ ve We ineri6 dg 4[ i q We (sone - tanto fener a | os = Se Indiotor LEDs oe ees | ee MUoe mat onptee ‘eal pot Serial pot Winttae Pine or Weg Wnt elogrophy Fis 1 Ik dram ‘Additional protection functions The following additional protection is included in the distonce reloy. Overload protection The overload protection tips three- phase if at least one of the meosured currents is higher than o settable threshold for a fixed or inverse time delay. Undervoltage protection ‘The undervoltage protection trips three-phose if at least one of the measured voltages is lower than a settable threshold for a fixed time. Overvoltage protection The overvoltoge protection trips three-phase if atleast one of the measured voltages is higher than a settable threshold during o fixed time. Auto-recloser The reclose cycle is initiated by the operation of the associated protective function (distance, DEF or backup) or through opio‘solated inputs (external protection relay). It provides one 1- or 3-pole high speed reclosure and up to three 3epole delayed auto-eclosures. \7 Check synchronising function The check synchronising function cllows reclosure when ihe voltoge con the line and/or the busbar is below o preset value ond when the ‘two parts of the sysiem are in synchronism by measuring the angle cond the slip frequency between the line voltage and the busbar voliage: * Live busbar and dead line, * Dead busber and live line, * Live busbar and live line, + OR logic of the three preceeding mode.Configuration Inputs and outputs: +8 or 16 user programmable, optically isolated inputs depending on the model selected, #13, 16, 26 oF 32 user programmable normally open ‘output contacts depending on the model selected. #3, 6.07 12 normally open tip contacts depending on the model selected, These contacts may be connected directly to the coil of the circuit breaker. +1 oF 2 normally open reclose contacts depending on the model selected. These contacts may be connecied directly tothe coil of the circuit breoker. * 1 or 2 normally closed contacts, depending on the model selected, for watchdog alarm. Alternative setting groups Four sets of setting groups ore provided and stored in @ non volatile memory. They can be used to change the relay’s setting to cover abnormal operating conditions. The setting groups con be selected locally vie the front panel display or WinEPAC software, or remotely via the relay’s communication system. Two inputs can be allocated to the selection of saling groups allowing them to be changed by means of an external system. Ancillary Functions The oncillary functions allow the equipment to be used in specific cpplications. Instrumentation The instrumentation functions of the equipment canbe accessed oally via the relay's front panel display or the WinEPAC software, or remotely via its communication system. Values of frequeney, phase currents ‘ond voltages, active and reactive power, the direction of the load current, and the status of the relay's inputs ond outputs are displayed. Fault reports When a foult occurs, cousing a relay to trip, « fault report is created and stored in nonvolatile memory. itis possible o view via the relay's front panel or the WinEPAC software, 0° print out, any or all of the last ten fault reports Each foult report includes time fogged details of the faulted phases, trip type and fault location (fault dislonce ond apparent resistance) Additionally, informetion on the system frequency, fault currents and voliages values. turbance records The internal disturbance recorder has 8 onalogue chonnels fo record current and voltage inputs to the telay and vp to 32 digital channels te ecord he ds lhe input/output relays. Dota compression allows the recording end storage in nonvolatile memory of an overage of forly Ssecond events. The information in the eee recorder is en on 6 personal computer connected fo the relay’s front panel or vio the communication system to provide o grophical displey ond to conduct in- depth fault cnalysis, using WinTPE Fire 1 Win PE software (WinANNALYSE Fault location The foult location report provides information about the distance to the fault and the fault resistance. The distance to the fault is in miles, Kilometres, ohms or as a percentage of line length Fault location can be colcviated both for single and parallel lines. Power-on diagnostics and self monitoring ‘The relay continuously runs self checks. Inthe event ofa failure of a device, an alarm is triggered and a self-diagnostics system enables quick and easy roubleshooting Hardware description The EPAC is o fully numerical relay providing: © input circuit with anti-aliosing fillers : * acquisition of residual quantities cllowing constant monitoring of sampled valves. * 16bit sompling of current values ‘and 12-bit sampling of voltage values * fillering and computing of derived ‘quantities ond protection algorithms by 9 realtime signal processor. * tripping logic, management of logic ccquisitions and signals The oscilography, communication cond user interlace dialogue ore managed by « special board having a RISC microprocessor INTEL 960. User interface The EPAC is programmed ond ‘operated through its key-pad and display, or through its RS-232 link ‘on the front pone! of he unit, or vio the communications unit from a personal computer running the programming software WinEPAC. User interface with WinEPAC WinEPAC softwore is run on the Windows™ interface of which i uses the graphic capabilites fo their fullest. All the functions are clearly labelled and grouped by theme screens. WinEPAC is 0 very intuitive opplication and itis quick Figure 12 Wink PAC sofiare Front panel user interface Dialogue through the front panel display offers the same features as with the WinEPAC software. Fundions oe slated sing sx keys on the key-pad. The display is 0 line, 16 character boekt LCD Figure 13 Front panel displayo 7 eon (aca Pa ess eee] -E ne EEPEPEEEES iy CEG COS ee es: | na. pec Hs fate a coe epee + peaSSoeC aoa pesssesseses eo: fiseseccesscseeey pesesseeesseses) Fre 14 Reve panel and Ko cncton othe erin bck Maintenance software WinEPAC software olso includes a commissioning and moinienance program to facilitate commissioning fests and providing guidance for maintenance personnel Communication protocol '* Communication with the master sietion comforms to application stondard 'VDEW' - IEC 870- 5/103. The EPAC can therefore we interfaced with any product compliant with that standard. + The communications protocol used with K Series relays is designated Courier. The Courier language hot been developed spectically for the purpose of developin, generic PC programs that wil without medication, ‘communicate with any device using the Courier language. In the Courier system, el information resides inthe reloy. Each time ‘communication is established with the relay, the requested information is sent to the PC. The protocol includes extensive error checking routines to ensure tha! the system remains reliable and secure. Relay interconnection «= The DEW IEC 870:5/103 interface enables the reloys to be connected to the master station using fibre optic link. The speed ofthis link is 9600 or 19200 bits/s depending on the configuration. «The reloy’s communication can be connecied via a shielded, twisted Reloy 32 Relay 4 Relay 2 {e000} E 85232 comps 1EC870. Desktop Protocol converter Car) Kus S485 lee | Bowes Conc to Kb wire pair known os KBus. Up to 32 Teloys may be connected in parallel ‘across the bus. The K-Bus can be connected through « protocol converter known as KITZ, either direciy or via a modem, to the RS- 232 port of the PC. The K-Bus is RS- 485 Posed ‘and runs at 64 kbits/s. The K-Bus connection to the relay is shown in Figure 14. This system on to 32 relays to be ‘accessed through one RS-232 ‘communication port (Figure 15). Software is available with each KITZ to provide access to the relays to read and change setings. Password protection Password protection is provided for all remote or local setting changes \9 which alter the configuration ofthe felay. This prevents any accidental shot whieh could stun ae the ebiy of he rly to pettorm is intended functions. the seting, faut report ond distrbance record Consultations are not protected by panswordk g password is needed for feseting only. Languages The EPAC user interface may be configured in one of four Fangvoges; hese ore: + English, © French, © German, * Sporish,