UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI : : CHENNAI 600 025

REGULATIONS - 2009
CURRICULUM I TO IV SEMESTERS (FULL TIME)
M.E. PRINTING AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY

SEMESTER I

SL. COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P C

NO. CODE
THEORY
1. MA9105 Probability and Statistical Methods 3 1 0 4
2. PR9111 Fundamentals of Packaging 3 0 0 3
3. PR9112 Package Design 3 0 0 3
4. PR9113 Print Production Process 3 0 0 3
5. PR9114 Security Printing 3 0 0 3
6. E1 Elective I 3 0 0 3
PRACTICAL
7. PR9115 Package Design Laboratory 0 0 4 2
TOTAL 18 1 4 21

SEMESTER II

SL. COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P C

NO. CODE
THEORY
1. PR9121 Packaging Performance and Testing 3 0 0 3
2. PR9122 Plastics Packaging 3 0 0 3
3. PR9123 Printing Inks and Coatings 3 0 0 3
4. PR9124 Packaging Machinery and Distribution 3 0 0 3
5. E2 Elective II 3 0 0 3
6. E3 Elective III 3 0 0 3
PRACTICAL
7. PR9125 Package Testing Laboratory 0 0 4 2
TOTAL 18 0 4 20

SEMESTER III

SL. COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P C

NO. CODE
THEORY
1. E4 Elective IV 3 0 0 3
2. E5 Elective V 3 0 0 3
3. E6 Elective VI 3 0 0 3
PRACTICAL
4. PR9131 Project work Phase I 0 0 12 6

1
 5. PR9132 Industrial Training* 0 0 0 1
TOTAL 16
* 4 Weeks of Industrial Training during earlier semester vacations

SEMESTER IV

SL. COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P C

NO. CODE
PRACTICAL
1. PR9141 Project Work – Phase II 0 0 24 12
Total 12

TOTAL CREDITS TO BE EARNED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE: 69

ELECTIVES FOR M.E. PRINTING AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY

Sl. Code No. Course Title L T P C

No.
PR 9150 Paper and Board Packaging
1. 3 0 0 3
PR 9151 Glass, Wood and Metal Packaging
2. 3 0 0 3
PR 9152 Package Attributes – Shelf Life
3. 3 0 0 3
PR 9153 Food Packaging
4. 3 0 0 3
PR 9154 Healthcare Packaging
5. 3 0 0 3
PR 9155 Packaging Laws and Regulations
6. 3 0 0 3
PR 9156 Offset Printing Technology
7. 3 0 0 3
PR 9157 Packaging Economics
8. 3 0 0 3
PR 9158 Brand Management
9. 3 0 0 3
PR 9159 Packaging and Environment
10. 3 0 0 3
PR 9160 Flexo, Gravure and Screen Printing
11. 3 0 0 3
CI 9158 Design for Manufacturing
12. 3 0 0 3
FD 9114
13. Principles of Food Processing & Preservation 3 0 0 3
IE 9169 Project Management
14. 3 0 0 3
CI 9167 Information System Analysis and Design
15. 3 0 0 3

2
 PR 9161 Ergonomics in Packaging
16. 3 0 0 3
IE 9124 Supply Chain Management
17. 3 0 0 3
IE 9167 Industrial Safety and Hygiene
18. 3 0 0 3
PD 9152 Creativity in Design
19. 3 0 0 3
IE 9159 Decision Support Systems
20. 3 0 0 3
BA 9127 Business Research Methods
21. 3 0 0 3
QE 9156 Lean Six Sigma
22. 3 0 0 3
IE 9155 Total Quality Management and System
23. 3 0 0 3

3
MA 9105 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS L T P C
3 1 0 4

UNIT I ONE DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIABLES 9

Random variables-Probability function- moments- moment generating functions and their

properties – Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Uniform, Exponential, Gamma and normal
distributions – Functions of a Random variable.

UNIT II TWO DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIABLES 9

Joint distributions – Marginal and conditional distributions – Functions of two

dimensional random variables – Regression Curve – Correlation.

UNIT III ESTIMATION THEORY 9

Unbiased Estimators – Method of moments – Maximum likelihood Estimation – Curve

fitting by principle of least squares – Regression lines.

UNIT IV TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS 9

Sampling distributions- Type I and Type II errors – Tests based on normal, t, χ2 and F
distributions for testing of mean, variance and proportions – Tests for Independence of
attributes and Goodness of fit.

UNIT V MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS 9

Covariance matrix – Correlation Matrix – Multivariate Normal density function – Principal

components – Sample variation by principal components – Principal components by
graphing.
TOTAL : 60 L+T: 45+15

REFERENCES
1. Richard Johnson, Miller & Freund’s Probability and statistics for Engineers, 7th
Edition, Prentice –Hall of India, Private Ltd., New Delhi (2007).
2. Richard A.Johnson and Dean W, Wichern, Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis,
5th Edition, Pearson Education, Asia (2002).
3. Gupta, S.C and Kapoor, V.K. “Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan and
Sons, New Delhi (2001).
4. Jay L.Devorer, Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences, Thomson
and Duxbbury, Singapore (2002).
5. Dallas E Johnson et al., Applied multivariate methods for data analysis, Thomson
and Duxbbury Press, Singapore (1998).

4
PR 9111 FUNDAMENTALS OF PACKAGING L T P C
3 0 0 3

AIM

To provide an overview of packaging needs, types, technologies

OBJECTIVE
• To introduce the need and importance of packaging
• To impart knowledge about types of packaging, packaging materials,
machineries

UNIT I OVERVIEW OF PACKAGING 7

Definition, Need, Packaging Functions, Types, Standards, Package Development,
Package specifications, Package Distribution, Pre-shipment testing, Quality control,
Laws and Regulations, Environmental issues

UNIT II PACKAGING MATERIALS AND PROCESSES 9

Packaging materials, Container types, Conversion Processes, Specialty Packaging,
Packaging Line, Machinery selection, Selection of packaging material and type,
Economics

UNIT III FMCG PACKAGING 12

Requirements for FMCG packaging: Cosmetics, Textile, Footwear, Toiletries,
Glassware, Consumer electronics, Hardware packaging, Electrostatic Discharge
Protective Packaging

UNIT IV BULK PACKAGING 10

Bulk packaging requirements, types; Industrial packaging - Steel containers, Fibre
Drums, Plastic Drums, Corrugated boxes, Wooden crates, Sacks, Export packaging,
Hazardous materials packaging

UNIT V PACKAGE FINISHING 7

Lamination, Hot foil stamping, Die-cutting, Varnishing, Coatings, Labels – types,
substrates, adhesives; Caps and seals, Security in packaging - Need, Materials,
Techniques
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Walter Soroka, “Fundamentals of packaging technology”, 3rd Edition, Institute of
packaging professionals, Naperville, Illinois, USA, 2002.
2. Joseph F. Hanlon, Robert J. Kelsey, and Hallie Forcinio, “Handbook of Package
Engineering”, Third Edition, CRC press, 1998

REFERENCES
1. Aaron L. Brody and Kenneth S. Marsh, “The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging
Technology”, 1997

5
PR 9112 PACKAGE DESIGN L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To give an overview of package development process and package designing
OBJECTIVE
• To provide information on basic concepts in package designing, design
considerations and design workflow.
• To learn about the package design and performance simulation softwares

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
Packaging and Modern Merchandising, Marketing Requirements, Brand Management,
Product Lifecycle, Planning for change, Basic considerations of package development –
structural development, packaging coordination, graphics, packaging line engineering,
cost of development; Economic considerations: package cost vs. product cost
UNIT II PACKAGE DEVELOPMENT 9
Managing the Packaging Function, Project Scope, Consumer Research, Behavioral
Measures, Eye Tracking and the features of a package, Optimizing Package Design,
Package Development Process, Specifications, Benchmarks, Package Designer’s
Checklist, Introduction of testing and evaluation methods.
UNIT III GRAPHIC DESIGN 9
Demographics and Psychographics, The Retail Environment, Fundamental Messages,
Equity and Brand Names, Role of Graphics, Text, Color, Graphic Design Basics,
Package Design and Marketing Studies, Package Aesthetics, Decoration Aspects,
Layout and Feature Selection.
UNIT IV STRUCTURAL DESIGN 12
Predicting package performance, Role of Structure, Structural Design – folding cartons,
cans, glass containers, plastic containers, bags and pouches; Die-making, Drawing,
Moulds, Prototypes, Samples, etc.
UNIT V SOFTWARES FOR DESIGNING 6
CAD software for Package Designing, drafting, mould design; Simulation software for
package performance and manufacturing.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Marianne R. Klimchuk and Sandra A. Krasovec, “Packaging Design: Successful
Product Branding from Concept to Shelf”, Wiley, 2006,
2. Walter Soroka, “Fundamentals of packaging technology”, 3rd Edition, Institute of
packaging professionals, Naperville, Illinois, USA, 2002
REFERENCES
1. Aaron L. Brody and Kenneth S. Marsh, “The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging
Technology”, 1997
2. Giles Calver, “What is Packaging Design?: Essential design handbook”,
Rotovision, 2004
3. Steven DuPuis, John Silva,”Package Design Workbook: The Art and Science of
Successful Packaging”, Rockport Publishers, 2008

6
PR 9113 PRINT PRODUCTION PROCESS L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To impart the fundamentals of printing and digital printing process.
OBJECTIVE
• To provide information about various activities in the prepress & Press and their
sequence
• To understand the different digital printing process, workflow and its applications
• To provide an overview about the print finishing processes and materials.
UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF PRINT PRODUCTION PROCESS 10
Conventional prepress – typography, graphic design, page make-up, platemaking, color
theory; Relief process – letterpress, flexography; Planographic process – lithography,
offset; Gravure process and Screen printing process; Printing presses – types.
UNIT II DIGITAL PREPRESS AND WORKFLOW 10
Digital prepress – scanner, digital screening processes; Digital images, Pixel based
images, digitization of images, Digital work flow, Halftoning, Image and type rendering,
colour gamut, image quality, spatial and tonal resolution of images, visual thresholds.
Document formats for printing. Automation, Order Processing, Preflighting and Data
Optimization, Versioning, Impositioning, Ripping and Calibration, PDF vs PS, Proofing,
PDF – standards and Versions, Creation of PDF – within application, from acrobat,
Crossmedia PDF; Screening – AM, FM, Hybrid, Rational and Irrational; Color
management, Archiving.
UNIT III SETTING FOR PRESS AND POSTPRESS FOR DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT 5
Data Optimization in Prepress – Preparing files for ink optimization; Ink zone settings;
Settings in output profile – TIL, GCR; Make-ready Optimization in Pressroom, Make-
ready Optimization in Postpress, Process control – RIP, CTP, Proof, CPC Press.
UNIT IV IMPACT AND NON IMPACT PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES 15
Perspective, plotters, wire matrix printers, other impact printing technologies,Principles
of electrophotographic, magneto and ionographic printing, sublimation, thermal, inkjet
and other non impact printing technologies; Variable data, variable graphics printing;
Designing and generation of variable contents.
UNIT V PRINT FINISHING PROCESSES AND MATERIALS 5
Print finishing – Classification, Steps – cutting, die-cutting, folding, gathering, securing,
case-making, casing-in, edge decoration; Production flow – Newspaper mailroom,
mailroom for magazine, finishing short print runs, Bag production systems; Ribbons,
inks, toners, paper requirements.
TOTAL : 45
REFERENCES
1. Helmut Kipphan, “Handbook of Print Media”, Springer Publications, 2004
2. J. Michael Adams, Penny Ann Dolin, “Printing Technology”, Delmar Publishers,
2002.
3. Kaj Johansson, Peter Lundberg, Robert Ruberg, “ A Guide to Graphic Print
Production”, Wiley, 2002
4. Robert C.Durbect, “Output Hardcopy Devices”, Academic Press, Inc, USA, 1988.
5. Frank Cost, “Pocket Guide to Digital Printing”, Delmar Publishers Inc, New York,
1997.
6. H.M.Fenton & F.J.Romano, “On Demand Printing”, GATF 1998.

7
PR 9114 SECURITY PRINTING L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To familiarize various security features.

OBJECTIVE
• To get an understanding of various security features, materials and methods
involved in Security Printing.

UNIT I CURRENCY PRINTING 10

Creation & Graphics, Making of a bank note, Applications of Computers in Designing

Currency, Signatures & numbering, Manufacture of Bank notes, Paper Specifications,
Watermark & Other Protective devices, Digital Watermark Currency, Circulation & Bank
maintenance, special issues counterfeiting.

UNIT II CHEQUE PRINTING, NUMBERING AND BAR CODING 15

Introduction, Pre-Encoding and Post Encoding, Printing Tolerances, Testing equipment,
E13B Characters, RBI Specifications, Principles of Cheque Design. Numbering with
MICR Ink on Rotary presses, Trouble Shooting, Modulus Systems, Weighted &
Unweighted. Introduction, Principles of Bar Coding, Types of Coding, EAN 13 Code,
Code 39 ACA etc., Typical Bar Code Machines & Print wheels, Scanners and their
functions.

UNIT III COMPUTER FORMS 5

Paper Characteristics, Form Construction & Specification, Form Label Combination
Intelligent Electronic forms, Form automation, Form Manufacture & Printing.

UNIT IV HOLOGRAMS, CREDIT CARDS & PASSPORTS 11

Introduction, Manufacturing Process, Holographic Recording & Master Origination,
Finishing Process, Types of Holograms, Security holograms, clickograms, sterogram,
Anigram etc. Introduction, Materials used of specifications, Embossing, Magnetic Strip
Recording and Specifications, Manufacturing techniques.

UNIT V SECURITY INKS & SUBSTRATES 4

Introduction, UV curing, photochromic inks, Monochromic Inks, Invisible Phosphorescent
inks, Water resistant inks. Thermochromic inks, Solvent Sensitive inks, optically variable
ink, Magnetic inks, Biometric ink, Fugitive ink, Secondary fluorescing ink, Watermarks,
Security Fibres, Planchettes, Fluorescent Hilites, Iridescent coating, Security threads,
Holographic foil, Coloured centre paper.
TOTAL : 45
REFERENCES
1. Martin Monestics, “The Art of Paper Currency”, Quarlet Books Ltd., 1983.
2. Leibinger, “Numbering Machines and Systems”, Leibinger Numbering Systems, 2000.
3. William H.Erdei, “Bar Codes – Design, Printing and Quality Control”, McGrawHill inc.,
1998.
4. R.Narayanan, “Computer Stationery and MICR – Cheque Production”, Association for
Research and Development in Printing, 1998.

8
PR 9115 PACKAGE DESIGN LABORATORY L T P C
0 0 4 2

LIST OF EXERCISES

1. Create Graphics Design for Folding cartons

2. Create Graphics Design for Glass containers
3. Create Graphics Design for Plastic containers
4. Create Graphics Design for Bags & Pouches
5. Create Graphics Design for Tin cans
6. Create Dieline layouts for folding cartons and their multiple ups
7. Create 3D Modelling and Package Performance Simulation for folding cartons
8. Create 3D Modelling and Package Performance Simulation for Glass containers
9. Create 3D Modelling and Package Performance Simulation for Plastic
containers
10. Create 3D Modelling and Package Performance Simulation for Bags & Pouches
11. Create 3D Modelling and Package Performance Simulation for Tin cans

TOTAL : 45

LABORATORY SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

1. Adobe Photoshop CS3

2. Adobe Illustrator CS3
3. ProE

9
PR 9121 PACKAGE PERFORMANCE AND TESTING L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To provide knowledge on hazards in transport and storage environment and to suitably
design a protective package

OBJECTIVE
To describe in detail
• On transportation hazards like shock, vibration, compression, etc.,
• On quantification of the extent of damage by using suitable testing methods
• On steps in developing a protective packaging

UNIT I HAZARDS 6
Package Delivery System, Manual Handling, Warehouse handling equipments, Hazards
- Transportation, Handling, Warehousing, Climatic, Others; Transportation Recorders,
Defining Package Distribution environment, Simulation of Distribution Environment,
Integrity Tests, Simulation tests

UNIT II SHOCK 9
Shock - Spring/mass model of product on cushion, Shock transmission, Damage
boundary curve, Typical shock damage, Measure of shock fragility,
Accelerometers/shock indicators, Environmental data recorders; Handling statistics -
drop heights, carriers; Shock pulse analysis, Drop testing machines - shock table, incline
tester, cushion tester; Pallet marshalling, railcar coupling, horizontal impact tester;

UNIT – III VIBRATION 9

Transportation environment, Vibration damage - Natural frequency, Vibration
magnification and resonance; Vibration measurement and testing - Transportation
surface profile, Random vibration testing, Replication/simulation; Geometric stability of
unitized loads - banding, stretch wrap; Abrasion, Coefficient of friction; Electrostatic
Discharge and vibration, Electrostatic Discharge protective materials.

UNIT IV COMPRESSION AND OTHER HAZARDS 9

Compression - Package compression strength, Compression testing, Warehouse
/transportation factors, Stack height calculations, Clamp truck damage; Climatic Effects -
Temperature, Pressure, Humidity, Light, Dust, Rain; Temperatures inside trailers - heat
transfer, Insulating packages; Biological Hazards – Microorganisms, insects, Rodents;
Contamination by other goods – adjacent packs, radioactivity;

UNIT V CUSHIONING SYSTEM AND PROTECTIVE PACKAGING 12

Cushions - materials, manufacture, solid vs loose fill, foam-in-place, Cushion properties -
open vs closed cell, relation to ideal spring, Corrugated as a cushioning material,
Selection of cushioning material, Cushion design, Determining cushion thickness
Steps in Design of protective packaging - Optimum Product/Package system, Prototype
packages, Damage simulation; International standards for performance testing of
shipping containers and units (ASTM, ISTA, ISO), Testing protocols.

TOTAL : 45

10
TEXT BOOK

1. Brandenburg, Richard K., Lee, Julian June-Ling, “Fundamentals of packaging

dynamics”, 4th ed., L.A.B. Equipment, 2001

REFERENCES
1. Joseph F. Hanlon, Robert J. Kelsey, Hallie Forcinio, “Handbook of Packaging
Engineering”, 3rd edition, CRC Press, 1998
2. Sek M. and Kirkpatrick J. , “Corrugated Cushion Design Handbook”, VUT, 2001

11
PR 9122 PLASTICS PACKAGING L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM

To impart knowledge on polymeric packaging materials and their processing

technologies

OBJECTIVE
• Explain the properties of a polymer material based on the structure and
chemistry of the material
• Select suitable polymer material and technology for manufacturing of a particular
type of packaging

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO POLYMERS 9

Basic concepts and definition, Interatomic, intermolecular forces in polymers, Cohesive
energy, Polymerization techniques, Additives, Polymer structure and properties, Polymer
properties and testing – Thermal, Mechanical, Barrier, Surfaces and Adhesion, Optical
characteristics.

UNIT II MAJOR PLASTICS IN PACKAGING 12

Polyethylene (HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, Others), Polypropylene (Homopolymer, copolymer,
OPP), Polystyrene, Polyvinyl chloride, Polyethylene terephthalate, PETG, Polyvinylidene
chloride, Polyvinyl acetate, Polyvinyl alcohol, Ethylene vinyl alcohol, PEN, Nylon,
Polycarbonate, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Polyacrylonitrile, Cellophane, Cellulose Acetate
and cellulosics, Fluoropolymers, Styrene-Butadiene copolymers, Acrylonitrile
copolymers, Liquid crystal polymers, Conductive polymers, Foaming Materials -
Polystyrene foams, Styrene copolymer foams, Polyolefin foams, Polyurethane foams,
Starch based foams, Thermoset – Phenol, Acrylic and urea formaldehyde.

UNIT III FLEXIBLE PACKAGING 8

Polymer film and sheet, Extrusion – Introduction, principles, classification of extruders;
Cast, Blown, Stretch and shrink films, Film and Sheet Coextrusion, Flexible Packaging -
Bags, Pouches, Bag-in-box, Retort pouch, Collapsible tubes; Heat sealing – Methods,
Material testing.

UNIT IV THERMOFORMING 7
Heating Sheet – Temperature selection, Radiative heating; Forming – Drape, Vaccum,
Pressure; Thermoforming variations- Skin, shrink, blister, Plug assist, billow, vacuum
snap-back, matched mold, Types of molds, Scrapless, twin-sheet, spin-welding,
Thermoforming of foams, Pallets/bulk containers, Material testing

UNIT V RIGID PACKAGING 9

Injection molding, Injection blow molding, Extrusion blow molding, Compression molding,
Continuous, Intermittent, Die shaping, Programmed parison, Stretch blow molding,
Coextrusion blow molding, Plastic/composite tubes, Coinjection blow molding, Aseptic
blow molding, In-mold labeling, Drums, Rotational molding, Design features, Plastic
Closures, Injection Molds and Closure Design and Material testing
TOTAL : 45

12
TEXT BOOKS

1. Selke, S. E. M., Culter, J. D. and Hernandez, R. J., “Plastics Packaging: Properties,

Processing, Applications and Regulations”, Carl Hanser Verlag, USA, 2004.

REFERENCES

1. Aaron L. Brody and Kenneth S. Marsh, “The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging

Technology”, 2nd Edition, Wiley, 1997
2. Walter Soroka,”Fundamentals of packaging technology”, 3rd Edition, Institute of
packaging professionals, 2002
3. A.S. Athayle, “Handbook of packaging plastics”, Multi Tech publishing co, First
edition, 1999

13
PR 9123 PRINTING INKS AND COATINGS L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To provide knowledge on printing inks used for different package printing process
and coating methods.

OBJECTIVE
• To explain the properties of raw materials selected for printing inks used for
different printing process and testing methods.
• To give the importance of coatings for different materials used for package
printing and over view about Specialty coatings

UNIT I RAW MATERIALS 7

Colorants , Binder, Oils, and Additives – types, preparation , property requirements-
offset inks, flexo inks, gravure inks and specialty inks.
UNIT II OFFSET INKS 9
Sheet fed inks- formulation, properties- viscosity, tack, color, drying characteristic, rub
resistance, light fastness, finess of grind gauge, and testing.
UNIT III FLEXO, GRAVURE AND SCREEN INKS 12
Solvent based inks- Formulations- Material selection, properties, drying mechanisms.
Water based inks – Formulations- Pigments & dyes, acrylic binders, low voc solvents &
additives. Ink properties- viscosity, pH, surface tension, testing, and drying mechanisms
UV based inks- Composition- pre polymer, photo initiators, diluents, colorants, and
additives – formulations, properties, testing, light source-Selection & drying mechanisms.
UNIT IV COATINGS 10
Paper coatings- coating materials- methods-properties, lamination- types, materials used
Metals- treatment, methods, corrosion-protection and coating types. Metallization-
manufacturing process and properties. wood- varnishing types- matt &gloss finish and
coatings. Plastics- surface treatment- chemical, plasma, corona –methods. Lamination
and coatings.
UNIT V SPECIALTY COATINGS 7
Peelable medical coatings -types. Adhesives-pressure sensitive adhesives, self seal
adhesives, Radiation curable coatings- Ultra violet and electron beam coatings, Hybrid
coatings, Embossing, and special effects.
TOTAL : 45
REFERENCES

1. R.H.Leach,” The printing Ink Manual,” 5th edition, Chapman & Hall, London 2002
2. Nelson R.Eldred,” What the Printer should know about Inks,”3rd edition, GATF press,
2001
3. Ronald E..Tood,” Printing Inks – Formulations, Principles, Manufacture, and Quality
control Testing,” PIRA International1996
4. D. Satas and Arthur A. Tracton,” Coating Technology- Handbook,2nd Edition, Marcel
Dekker, Inc,2001
5. Lothar Gottschhing& Heikki Pakarinen,’ Paper making science and Technology,
FapetOY Publishing,2000

14
PR 9124 PACKAGING MACHINERY AND DISTRIBUTION L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM

To understand about the different types of packaging machineries and to contribute to

the productivity of packaging operations involved in various markets

OBJECTIVE
• Identify unit operations that comprise common packaging lines
• Specify operating requirements of individual packaging machines in order to
allow groups of packaging machines to function as a coherent system.
• Understand the relationships between products, packages, machines, and
personnel.
UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9

Types of packaging machinery, Packaging line layout and design principles, Impact of
end-use markets on machine needs and specifications - biotech/pharmacy/medical
devices/food/drinks/chemicals, Machine and line components & controls - PLC, HMI,
Servo motors, Smart machines, SCADA systems, Displays, Sensors.

UNIT II PAPERBOARD AND FLEXIBLE PACKAGING MACHINE 9

Paperboard Packing Machinery – Cutting & Creasing, Embossing, Hot foil stamping,
Folding & gluing machines, Cartoners, Case formers, Tray formers, Case/tray packer,;
Flexible packaging machines – Bag former, Form-Fill-Seal - VFFS, HFFS, Rotary;
Thermoform, Shrink/stretch wrapping and bundling, Types of Filling Machines, Wrapping
Machines.

UNIT III RIGID PACKAGING MACHINERY 9

Orienter, Liquid fillers: Volumetric, Level or cosmetic fill, Aerosol, Carbonated; Dry fillers:
Augur, Volumetric, Weight, Tablet fillers; Cappers, Tube filling, Can former, Labeling
Machines – Stick on, Shrink sleeves, Capping - Induction Sealing

UNIT IV PACKAGING LINE 9

Conveyors, accumulators and unscramblers, Container cleaning - Air blast, Ionized air
blast, Water rinse, Wash and rinse, Aggressive wash and rinse; Sterilization, Coding and
marking, Scales and check weighing, Robots, Placers/dispensers Techniques for
measuring line capacity and efficiency, On line – end of line systems, shrink and stretch
wrapping, cartooning, Case erector, case packing; Product identification & verification –
Barcodes, RFID Vision/inspection, Metal detectors and x-ray inspectors

UNIT V DISTRIBUTION PACKAGING 9

Distribution Packaging: A Systems Approach,Tracking Distribution Losses, Warehouse -

Storage Types, Damage Control, Warehousing and Handling Equipments; Retailing,
Break Bulks and Unit Load Devices, Case Packaging Machinery, Palletisation -
Palletizing and depalletizing, Containerisation Packaging.
TOTAL : 45

15
TEXT BOOK
1. Davis, C.G., “Introduction to Packaging Machinery”, Packaging Machinery
Manufacturers Institute, 1997

REFERENCES

1. A. L. Brody, K. S. Marsh, “The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology”, 2nd

Edition, Wiley, New York, USA, 1995
2. Luciano, R., “How to Write Packaging Machinery Specifications”, Institute of
Packaging Professionals, Herndon, VA. 1995.
3. Zepf, P.J., “Improving Packaging Line Performance”, Institute of Packaging
Professionals, Herndon, VA, 1996.

16
PR 9125 PACKAGE TESTING LABORATORY
L T P C
0 0 4 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Determination of Tensile/compression strength of various packaging materials

2. Determination of Burst strength of various packaging materials
3. Determination of Crush strength of various packaging materials
4. Determination of Plybond strength of various packaging materials
5. Determination of Stiffness of various packaging materials
6. Determination of Scuff resistance of various packaging materials
7. Determination of Heat sealability of various packaging materials
8. Determination of gloss & haze of various packaging materials
9. Measure the color of a packaging material and compute color differences between
different batches
10. Determination of permeability of various packaging materials
11. Determination of leaching of various packaging materials
12. Measure the surface pH of packaging materials
13. Determine the package performance by conducting Drop test
14. Determine the package performance by conducting Compression test
15. Determine the package performance by conducting Vibration test
16. Determine the package performance by conducting Impact test

TOTAL : 45

LABORATORY EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS

1. Universal Testing Machine

2. Burst tester
3. Ring Crush Tester
4. Plybond tester
5. Stiffness tester
6. Scuff tester
7. Heat Seal tester
8. Glossmeter
9. Hazemeter
10. Spectrophotometer
11. Permeability tester
12. Leak tester
13. pH meter
14. Drop tester
15. Compression tester
16. Vibration tester
17. Impact tester

17
 PR 9132 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
L T P C
0 0 0 1

In order to expose the students the latest technology and to make them to understand
the workflow in the Industry, training in the Industry forms a compulsory and significant
aspect. Students will be trained in industry for a period of 4 weeks during the earlier
semester vacations. Their performance will be periodically assessed by the staff in
charge from the department and a coordinator Industry. After completion of the training
period the student will submit a report. There will be a viva-voce at the end of the
training and grades will be awarded. The areas of training during these periods will be in
different branches of printing and packaging.

18
PR 9150 PAPER AND BOARD PACKAGING L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM

To impart knowledge on paperboard packaging materials and their processing

technologies

OBJECTIVE
• To explain the properties of paper and paperboard and their effect in package
performance
• To explain in detail about the various types of paper and paperboard packages
and their manufacturing processes

UNIT I MANUFACTURING & APPEARANCE PROPERTIES 10

Sources, Paper and Paperboard Manufacturing process, Paper and board Coating,
Appearance properties – Colour, Surface smoothness, surface structure, gloss, opacity,
printability and varnishability, Surface strength, Ink and varnish absorption and drying,
Surface pH, Surface tension, Rub resistance.

UNIT II PERFORMANCE PROPERTIES 10

Basis Weight, Thickness, Moisture Content, Tensile strength, Stretch or elongation, Tear
Strength, Burst strength, Stiffness, Compression strength, Crush strength, Creasability
and foldability, Ply bond strength, Flatness and dimensional stability, Porosity, Water
absorbency, Gluability/Sealing, Taint and odour neutrality,

UNIT III PAPER AND PAPERBOARD - TYPES 7

Paper - Tissues, Greaseproof, Glassine, Vegetable Parchment, Label paper, Bag
papers, sack craft, Impregnated Papers, Laminating papers; Paperboard – Folding box
board, white lined chipboard, solid bleached board, solid unbleached board, Liquid
packaging board, Container boards, Specialty boards

UNIT IV CONVERSION PROCESS 11

Flexible packaging manufacturing; Paper bags – types, manufacture, Composite cans –
manufacturing, applications; Fibre drums, Multiwall paper sacks - types, manufacture;
Rigid boxes, Folding Cartons – Design, Manufacturing; Solid fibreboard packaging,
Paperboard based liquid packaging, Moulded pulp containers.

UNIT - V CORRUGATED BOARD 7

Corrugated Board construction - Flutes/Single, Double, Triple Wall, Board grades,
Manufacture, Adhesive Bond, Specifications, Flat Crush/Edge Crush Tests Box
Certificates, Box Layout, Types, Manufacture/Scoring Allowances, Optimization,
Economy. Compression Test, McKee Formula/ECT, Inserts/Partitions, Stack Height,
Pallet Patterns, Banding/Strapping/Taping, Corrugated Board Pallets, Corrugated Board
Cushions.

TOTAL : 45

19
TEXT BOOKS
1. Twede, D. and Selke, S. E. M., “Cartons, Crates and Corrugated Board – Handbook
of Paper and Wood Packaging Technology”, DEStech Publications, 2005.
2. Walter Soroka, “Fundamentals of packaging technology”, 3rd Edition, Institute of
packaging professionals, Naperville, Illinois, USA, 2002.

REFERENCES
1. A. L. Brody, K. S. Marsh, “The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology”, 2nd
Edition, Wiley, New York, USA, 1995
2. R. E. Mark, C. C. Habeger, Jr., J. Borch and M. B. Lyne, “Handbook of Physical
Testing of Paper”, 2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker, 2002
3. Kenneth W.Britt, “Handbook of Pulp and Paper Technology”, CBS Publishers, 1984

20
PR 9151 GLASS, WOOD AND METAL PACKAGING
L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To impart knowledge on glass metal wood packaging and the material used for
closures.

OBJECTIVE

• To study the types of glass, wood and metal packages in detail.

• To enhance the knowledge of materials used for closures for various packaging
systems.

UNIT - I GLASS PACKAGING 11

Glass, Definition, Composition, Raw materials, Additives, Other types of glass,

borosilicate, Lead, Leaching, Glassmaking, Furnace, Melter, Regenerator, Refiner,
Forehearth, Container manufacture, Press and blow, Blow and blow, Centrifugal casting,
Ribbon machine, Drawn ware, Annealing, Coating, Nomenclature,
Strength/Performance, Brittle failure, Internal pressure, Impact, Top load, Hydrodynamic
failure, Thermal shock, Stress concentration, Defects, Specifications, Labelling

UNIT - II CLOSURES 7

Selection Considerations, Container and Closure Dimensioning, Types, Screw, lug,

friction, roll-on, snap-on, Child-resistant, Torque, Application, Removal, Liners,
Fitments, Dispensing closures, Special Closures and Functions; Closure Seals, Seam –
types, Applications.

UNIT - III PACKAGING METALS 9

Steel, stainless, aluminium, tinplate - Manufacturing, properties; Cans - Three-piece can,

Two-piece cans (DI and DRD), Composite cans, Can stresses, Compression/ Buckling,
Drums – Manufacturing, Properties; Sheet – Manufacturing, Properties.

UNIT - IV METAL PACKAGING 10

Metal drums and pails, Metal foil packaging, Metal Strapping/ Banding, Metal Tubes,
Aerosols, Uses, Two and three phase systems, Valves and dip tubes, Principles of
operation; Propellants - fluorocarbons, hydrocarbons, compressed gases; Special
aerosols - piston type, co-dispensing; Pumps.

UNIT - V WOOD PACKAGING 8

Wood Classification, Nominal Dimensioning, Board Footage, Moisture Content,

Psychrometer, Shrinkage/Expansion, Anisotropy, Moisture Stresses, Mechanical
Properties, Pallets – wood, design/performance, Wood design principles - Nails, types
and holding capacity, Crates/Boxes/Bin Pallets, Wirebound Boxes, Plywood,
Particleboard, Fiberboard, Regulations
TOTAL : 45

21
REFERENCES

1. A. L. Brody, K. S. Marsh, “The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology”,

2nd Edition, Wiley, New York, USA, 1995
2. Walter Soroka, “Fundamentals of packaging technology”, 3rd Edition, Institute of
Packaging professionals, Naperville, Illinois, USA, 2002.
3. Joseph F. Hanlon, Robert J. Kelsey, and Hallie Forcinio, “Handbook of Package
Engineering”, Third Edition, CRC press, 1998

22
PR 9152 PACKAGE ATTRIBUTES – SHELF LIFE
L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To assimilate the various factors governing the shelf life of a package.

OBJECTIVE

• To understand the mechanics of shelf life with respect to packages.

• To comprehend the various relationship between the product and the package.

UNIT - I SHELF LIFE AND KINETICS OF PRODUCT DETERIORATION 9

Introduction, factors influencing shelf life, types of deterioration – physical, chemical,
microbiological; measuring shelf life, predicting shelf life – predictive models, software
systems; sensory evaluation methods, accelerated shelf-life tests – initial rate approach,
kinetic model approach, Design of shelf life experiments, Extending shelf life

UNIT - II BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MASS TRANSFER 9

Basic concepts of mass transfer, Mechanism of permeation, Sorption, diffusion,
Permeability, Factors affecting permeability, Migration Interactions - volumetric method,
gravimetric method, differential method, determination of solubility; Gas chromatograph

UNIT - III DIFFUSION OF GASES AND VAPOURS 9

Diffusion - Fick’s law of diffusion, film permeation, dimension of transport parameters,
diffusion into film, Permeation of gases and vapors in polymers - basic equations and
calculation, temperature and concentration dependence – sorption, Mass transfer
through micro holes, Knudsen diffusion; Hydrodynamic flow of gases.

UNIT - IV PERMEABILITY 9
Introduction, importance of permeation – effect of time and temperature, effect of
moisture, effect of oxygen, choice of materials; Rate of transmission – variables of the
polymer, effect of permeating species, temperature and pressure, wall thickness;
Measurement of permeability- WVTR, GTR; multilayer structures, application of
permeability to material selection and shelf life estimation, Cycling conditions, Computer
models, calculations, predictions

UNIT - V OTHER INTERACTIONS

Product fragrance and packaging material interactions, Migration of packaging material
with product/solvents, Effect of irradiation of polymeric packaging materials in formation
of volatile compounds, Flavour/Active ingredient absorption with packaging material
TOTAL : 45
REFERENCE
1. M. Mathlouthi, “Food Packaging and Preservation”, Springer 1 edition, 1994
2. Otto G. Piringer, A. L. Baner, “Plastic Packaging: Interactions with Food and
Pharmaceuticals”, 2 edition, Wiley-VCH, 2008

23
PR 9153 FOOD PACKAGING
L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM

To provide an overall knowledge about food packaging materials and technologies

OBJECTIVE

• To explain about the deteriorative reactions in food and factors stimulating it

• To describe about the various technologies used in packaging of food to extend
its shelf life
• To discuss about the specific requirements of various types of food products

UNIT - I FACTORS AFFECTING SHELF LIFE OF FOOD 9

Deteriorative reactions in food, Rate of reactions, Extrinsic factors – temperature, water

activity, gas, light; Shelf life of food – shelf life, package/product interaction, Influence of
light transmittance; Testing of food packages – Sensory evaluation (taste, color,
fragrance, texture), Leak tests, seal integrity tests, migration tests.

UNIT – II FOOD PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES 12

Aseptic Packaging – Principle, sterilization of food contact surfaces, Aseptic packaging

systems; Microwave oven-able packaging – Principle, materials; Active Packaging –
Sachets and pads, active packaging materials, self-heating & self-cooling packages,
changing gas permeability properties, widgets; Intelligent Packaging – quality indicators,
time-temperature indicators, gas concentration indicators, thermochromic inks,
microwave doneness indicators; CAP, MAP – principles, gases used, methods,
equipments; Edible films and coatings.

UNIT - III PACKAGING OF FOOD PRODUCTS 12

Requirements, Materials, packaging techniques for : Flesh foods – Red meat, Cured
cooked meats, poultry, sea food; Horticultural products – Fruits, vegetables, flowers;
Dairy products – Liquid Milk, Fermented products, Butter and spreads, Cheese, Milk
powders; Food grains – wheat, flour, rice, grams; Spices, Edible Oils, Vanaspathi, Ghee;
Processed foods – Ready to eat food, jams, ketchup, pastes, pickles;

UNIT - IV PACKAGING OF SNACK FOOD 7

Requirements, Materials, packaging techniques for : Cereals & Snack foods - Breakfast
cereals, Pastas, Bakery products, Biscuits, Cookies, Crackers, Nuts, Pretzels, Popcorn,
Rice-based snacks, Meat snacks, Fast foods, Fruit based snacks, Chips; Confectionery
– Candies, chocolates.

24
UNIT - V PACKAGING OF BEVERAGES 5

Requirements, Materials, packaging techniques: Beverages – Water, Coffee, Tea,

Juices, Carbonated soft drinks, Alcoholic beverages
TOTAL : 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Gordon L. Robertson, “Food Packaging: Principles and Practice”, Second edition,

CRC Press, 2006

REFERENCES

1. Jung H. Han, “Innovations in Food Packaging”, Food Science and Technology

International, 2005
2. Richard Coles, Derek McDowell, and Mark J. Kirwan, “Food Packaging Technology”,
Sheffield Packaging Technology, 2003
3. Frank A. Paine and H.Y. Paine, “Handbook of Food Packaging”, CRC Press, 1993

25
PR 9154 HEALTHCARE PACKAGING
L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM

To provide an overall knowledge about pharmaceutical and medical packaging materials

and technologies

OBJECTIVE
• To explain about special requirements of pharmaceutical and medical products
• To provide knowledge about licensing and legislative requirements
• To describe about the various types of packaging for pharmaceutical and
medical products

UNIT - I INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCT 9

Types of pharmaceutical products & packages, Ethical medicines, Proprietary

medicines, other classifications, Drug delivery systems, Inhalation therapies, Product
spoilage mechanisms, Selection of containers, Unit dose packaging, Healthcare
Package requirements: Solid preparations, Powders, Semi-solid preparations, aqueous
oral preparations, aqueous non-oral preparations, Non-aqueous liquid preparations,
Inhalers, Medical devices.

UNIT - II DEVELOPING PACKAGING FOR MEDICAL PREPARATIONS 10

Materials & its Sterilization, Package structure, Packaging line engineering, Line
efficiency, Labeling - Text and graphics requirements, Bar codes, RFID Features,
Expanded Content Labels, Package Inserts; Legislative requirements for packaging of
medical preparations, Statutory requirements, General manufacturing considerations,
Packaging Specification. Licensing considerations - Sources of official guidance,
Influence of pharmacopoeias, License application procedure; Stability tests on finished
product, Medicinal formulation/packaging compatibility, Stresses from manufacturing
process, Toxicological investigations, Environmental issues, Labeling, Variations,
Medical devices, Case studies

UNIT - III PRIMARY PHARMACEUTICAL CONTAINERS 12

Blister Packaging - Materials, OTC Drug Packs, Ethical Drug Packs, Clinical Trial &
Sample Drug Packs, Plastic Containers – Standard containers, Dispensing Bottles,
Cans, Jars; Pouches & Strip Packs; Prefillable Inhalers - Metered Dose, Dry Powder;
Prefillable Syringes – Injectors, Cartridges; Tubes - Composite Tubes, Plastic Tubes,
Metal Tubes; Parental Vials & Ampoules; Containers - Semi-Rigid Containers, Mini-
Bags; Medical Packages – Disposable gloves, Syringes, needles, catheters, dressings,
sutures, surgical devices; Glass Containers; Aerosol Containers.

26
UNIT - IV SECONDARY CONTAINERS AND PHARMACEUTICAL MACHINERY 7

Secondary Containers - Paperboard Containers; Prescription Dispensing Containers -

Plastic Vials, Blister Packs, Glass Vials, Others; Shipping Containers - Corrugated
Boxes, Folding Cartons, Trays, etc;

Pharmaceutical machinery – Filling & Sealing machines for injection, infusion and screw
neck bottles; ampoules; prefilled syringes and cartridges, Machinery for blister
packaging

UNIT - V PHARMACEUTICAL CAPS & CLOSURES 7

Standard Pharmaceutical Closures - Plastic, Metal; Child-Resistant Pharmaceutical

Caps & Closures; Dispensing Closures – Disc, Pump-Type, Turret, Plastic Dropper,
Squeeze Tops; Parental Stoppers, Flip-Top Closures, Paper, Foil & Laminated Lids, Top
seal, Induction seal , wads & wading systems, Other Pharmaceutical Caps & Closures.
TOTAL : 45

REFERENCES

1. Max Sherman, “Medical Device Packaging Handbook”, 2nd edition, CRC, 1998
2. H. Lockhart, Frank Albert Paine, “Packaging of Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare
Products”, Springer, 1996
3. Otto G. Piringer, A. L. Baner, “Plastic Packaging: Interactions with Food and
Pharmaceuticals”, 2nd edition, Wiley-VCH, 2008

27
PR 9155 PACKAGING LAWS AND REGULATIONS
L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM :
To have a knowledge about the various International and National laws
and regulations with respect to packaging.

OBJECTIVE:

• To understand the various rules and regulations with respect to packaging in

India
• To comprehend the International laws with relation to various forms of Packaging

UNIT - I INDIAN REGULATORY SYSTEM 11

Introduction, The Standards of weights and Measures Act (SWMA), Standard Units,
Laws, Regulations and Ministries involved, Essential Commodities Act, Agricultural
Produce ( Grading and Marketing ) Act, Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, Codex
Standard Act, Export ( Quality Control and Inspection) Act, Bureau of Indian Standards

UNIT - II DECLARATIONS ON PACKAGED COMMODITIES 10

Declarations for Interstate Trade and Commerce, Standard Packages, Maximum

Permissible Error, Label Declarations, Standard Quantity specifications for various
products, Symbols and Units used

UNIT - III INTERNATIONAL LAWS AND VIOLATION OF LAW 6

Uniform Weights and Measures Law, Uniform Packaging and Labeling Regulation
(UPLR), Uniform Unit Pricing Regulation (UPR), Details of Violations, offences, Penalties
under various sections, EU-REACH Regulations in packaging.

UNIT - IV PACKAGING STORAGE REQUIREMENTS 6

Various storage requirements of Products, Specifications of Raw Materials used, IS

Specifications with respect to packaging and Packaging Materials

UNIT - V PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS AND PFA 12

Packaging requirements under PFA, Declaration and Labeling, Specification of Display

panels, Statutory Requirements on Packages, PFA Enforcement methods, Fruit
Products Order ( FPO ) Meat Food Products Order ( MFPO ) Agricultural Grading and
Marking Rules ( AGMARK ), Edible Oil Packaging ( Regulatory) Order

TOTAL : 45

28
REFERENCES

1. G C P Range Rao,” Modern Food Packaging, Packaging Laws and Regulations”,

CFTRI Mysore , IIP Publications, 2005
2. The Standards of Weights and Measures act, (1976) & Standards of Weights and
Measures (Packaged Commodities) Rules (1977), Rule Book, Govt. Of India.
3. BIS Rule Book, Govt. Of India.

29
 PR 9156 OFFSET PRINTING TECHNOLOGY L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To impart a good understanding of Offset Printing Technology
OBJECTIVE
• To introduce the principles of offset lithographic printing.
• To create an awareness on different types of machines and materials.
UNIT – I PRINCIPLES OF OFFSET AND SHEET FEEDING 10

Principles of lithography, wetting of a solid surface by a liquid, emulsification of ink and

fountain solution, fluid behavior in a nip. Basic configuration of offset machine. Sheet
feeding and controls: Types of feeders, sheet control, drives, suction head mechanism,
double sheet and no sheet detectors, side lays and front lays. Non-stop feeders. Sheet
insertion and transfer systems, working principle, relative merits.

UNIT – II PRINTING UNIT CONFIGURATION 12

Cylinders: Various configurations, design, requirements, plate and blanket
clamping mechanisms, pressure setting, packing, print length variation, equal diameter,
true rolling principles. Cylinder drives. Sheet transfer and reversal systems, perfecting,
delivery grippers, settings, quick delivery mechanisms. Anti set-off spray device.
Feeders, delivery and other system components for metal printing.

UNIT – III BLANKETS, ROLLERS 10

Blanket types, requirements, manufacture, performance attributes. Rollers, types,

properties, behavior. Basic inking and dampening system configuration. Fountain
solution requirements, composition, re-circulation system and dosing units, Ink/water
balance.
UNIT – IV PRINTING AND INLINE OPERATIONS 7

Make-ready operations, multi colour printing, automatic plate fixing, computer controls in
printing, automatic blanket wash, roller wash systems. Spot varnishing, coating,
numbering. Metal printing UV Dryers, Hot air and IR Drying systems. Print problem
identification and quality control.
UNIT – V QUALITY CONTROL 6

Standards, Print Control Targets, Test Forms, In-line print quality measurement,
inspection and control.
TOTAL : 45

30
REFERENCES
1. John MacPhee, “Fundamentals of Lithographic Printing”, Vol.1 Mechanics of Printing,
GATF Press, 2002.
2. A.S.Porter, “A Manual of Lithographic Press Operation”, Lithographic Training
Services, London, 1998.

3. Helmut Kippan, “Handbook of Printmedia”, Springer publications, 2004.

31
PR 9157 PACKAGING ECONOMICS
L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To assimilate and apply the concepts of Economics in Packaging.
OBJECTIVE
• To understand the concepts of costing and estimation in packaging.
• To comprehend the needs for quality management and wastage control in
packaging.

UNIT – I INTRODUCTION 10

Cost Systems, Marginal costing and Profit Analysis, elements of packaging costs Cost
Estimation of Packaging costs, Cost Classification, Factors influencing finished costs

UNIT – II PACKAGING ECONOMICS 9

Basics, Appreciation of future trends and developments with the cost confines of
packaging, Economic issues in packaging as they relate to policies of the firm and
government.

UNIT – III ECONOMIC POLICY AND SOCIETAL ISSUES 8

Relationship of economic policy and societal issues, Understanding and managing

packaging costs

UNIT – IV COST EFFECTIVE PACKAGING 9

Guidelines, Techniques in Preventing unnecessary costs in Supply Chain , Factors

required for successful packaging from a cost perspective

UNIT – V QUALITY MANAGEMENT 9

Quality Management in Packaging, Defect Prevention Techniques, Various Statistical

tools used in maintaining Quality, 6 Sigma, ISO, Total Productive Maintenance

TOTAL : 45
REFERENCES
1. M.Bakker, “Wlley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology”, Joh Wiley & Sons Ltd.,
2008
2. Jim Mc Dermott, Anne Emblem, “Packaging: The facts”, Institute of Packaging,
USA, 2006
3. Edmund A Leonard, “Introduction to Economics of Packaging”, Morgan-Grampion
Publishers, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 2007

32
PR 9158 BRAND MANAGEMENT
L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM

To understand the role of buyer behavior and branding in packaging design

and technology.

OBJECTIVES

• To explain the role and philosophy of Brand Management in the strategic

marketing process and the resulting effects of the environment on Packaging
decisions.

• To develop the attitudinal and conceptual basis necessary to apply a customer

oriented approach for strategic marketing and business decisions and to help
develop winning brands.

UNIT – I CONCEPT OF BRAND MANAGEMENT 9

Introduction to the concept of Brand Management as an active working principle within

the sales and marketing department, within the overall organization, Case Studies.

UNIT – II STRATEGIC PROCESS 9

The strategic process, environment and analysis, segmentation and positioning for
building brands. Brand information systems and the application of brand Management
using marketing principles, Case Studies

UNIT – III BUYER BEHAVIOR 7

Consumer and Industrial Buyer Behavior, Models, Behavioral Applications in Branding,

Case Studies

UNIT – IV BRAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING 10

Application of analytical and logical marketing techniques required to solve Brand

Management problems, and develop creative skills necessary to their success, Case
studies Brand Affordability, Role of pricing in branding. Revenue – cost - profit
relationships and their application to Brand Management. Revenue management and
control, Case Studies

UNIT – V BRAND LAUNCHING 10

Brand Acceptance, Product innovation, development, management and control.

Packaging and product design factors, product portfolio management , Brand
Awareness promotional planning and control, rules of selling, advertising, PR and other
specialist promotional tools, brand availability Physical distribution processes and
channel decisions, Case Studies

33
 TOTAL : 45

REFERENCES

1. Kapferer - Jean Noel., Kogan, “Strategic Brand Management”, Page Publishers,

2008
2. Kevin Lane Keller, „Strategic Brand Management“ , Pearson Education Ltd., 2008

PR 9159 PACKAGING AND ENVIRONMENT

L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To create awareness about the effect of packages on environment
To contribute towards optimization of packaging materials and aid in reuse and recycling
of packages

OBJECTIVE
• To provide information about environmental pollution and how packaging
contributes to it
• To teach methods to minimize the wastages by optimization and recycling
• To analyze about various international approaches in tackling environmental
pollution

UNIT – I INTRODUCTION 9
Components of environment; Environmental pollutions, its measurements and
management; Air pollution and its control; Water pollution and its control; Solid wastes;
Microorganisms as components of the environment; microorganisms as indicators of
environmental pollution; bioorganic pollution; microbial toxicants and pollutants their bio-
degradation; biodegradation of plastics, biofouling; bioremediation. Packaging –
Concerns on Environmental Pollution

UNIT – II STORAGE & DISPOSAL OF WASTE 9

Types of waste generated; Non- degradable & biodegradable wastes, Solid waste
storage and disposal methods- land-filling, burial, incineration, recycling; Biological
treatment of food, medical, consumer goods, pharmaceutical, industrial wastes, storage
and disposal of liquid and gaseous waste; legal aspects related to storage and disposal;
environmental laws; pests & their control.

UNIT – III WASTE MINIMIZATION 9

Life Cycle Analysis, Optimization of packaging materials, Source Reduction and reuse,
Biodegradable materials, Case Studies

34
UNIT – IV RECYCLING 9
Waste - Collection, Sorting, Cleaning; Recycling Rate; Recycling techniques –
Paper/Paperboard, Plastics, Metals, Glass.

UNIT – V ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES 9

Environmental policies of India, Packaging Code of Practice, New Zealand Approach,
German Approach - Green Dot; EU Packaging Directive; other international approaches.
TOTAL : 45
REFERENCES
1. Sugan E.M.Solke, “Packaging and the Environment, Alternatives, Trends and
Solutions”, Technomic Publication, Revised Edition, 1994.
2. John Scheirs, “Polymer Recyling”, Wilye Series in Polymer Science, 1997.
3. Albertsson, “Degradable Polymer, Recycling Plastic Waste Management”,
4. Prof.Francecco La Mantia, “Handbook of plastic Recycling”, published, 2002
5. R.Mckinney, “Technology of paper Recycling”, Blackie Academic and professional,
1997.
6. Herbert F.Lund, “ McGraw-Hill Recycling Handbook”, 2nd Edition, 2001.

PR 9160 FLEXO, GRAVURE AND SCREEN PRINTING

L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To provide an overall knowledge about flexo, gravure & screen process Printing.
OBJECTIVE
• To understand the principle of flexo, gravure & screen process Printing.
• To gain knowledge about the press work of flexo, gravure & screen process
Printing.
• To know the recent development and applications of flexo, gravure & screen
process Printing.

UNIT – I FLEXOGRAPHIC MACHINES 5

Theory and practice of flexographic printing; uses and development of flexography in the
field of Packaging; plate and press requirements; press principles and operation; printing
on a wide variety of surfaces.

35
UNIT – II FLEXOGRAPHIC PRESS WORK 10

Flexographic inking system and the anilox roller; composition of flexographic inks and
solvents used; alcohol-based inks and water based inks and their uses; varieties of
papers, films and foils that can be printed by flexography and their working problems.
Recent developments and applications for newspaper printing.

UNIT – III GRAVURE MACHINES 10

Principles of photogravure process; suitability of photogravure for various classes of
work; principles of sheet-fed and web-fed photogravure printing machines; drying
equipment; automatic controls; apparatus for examining work on the run; folders and
other ancillary attachments.

UNIT – IV GRAVURE PRESSWORK 10

Composition of photogravure inks; solvents used for various kinds of work; solvent
recovery, precautions against fire; characteristics of the materials printed upon by the
photogravure process; special techniques in the use of metallic inks; various types of
rollers and methods of setting.

UNIT – V SCREEN PROCESS PRINTING 10

Screen process terminology; applications of the process; frames and mesh materials,
their identification, advantages and limitations; stencil systems; screen cleaning and
recovery methods; types of screen cleaning equipment; care and storage of screen
frames; drying equipments; types of inks and solvents, thinners, cleaners and retarders
in common use; automatic machinery used for screen printing; design appreciation with
special reference to screen printing.

TOTAL : 45
REFERENCES

1. "Flexography: Principles & Practices", 5th Edition, FTA, 2000.

2. "FIRST: Flexographic Image Reproduction Specifications & Tolerances", 3rd Edition,
FTA, 2003.
3. “Gravure: Process and Technology”, Gravure Education Foundation, 2003
4. Kaj Johansson, Peter Lundberg, Robert Ruberg, “A Guide to Graphic Print
Production”, Wiley, 2002
5. Samuel B. Hoff, “Screen Printing – A Contemporary Approach”, Delmar Publishers,
1997.
6. Ingram, Samuel, “Screen Printing Primer”, GATF press, 2nd Edition, 1999.

36
CI 9158 DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING
L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
The aim is to impart the students with knowledge of the general design principles
of manufacturing and to provide complete information’s for further study.

OBJECTIVE
At the end of this course the student should be able to understand the design
principles of casting, welding, forming, machining and assembly, by considering various
manufacturing constraints.

UNIT – I INTRODUCTION 6

Economics of Process selection – General design principles of manufacturability –

Proper material selection – Strength and Mechanical factors- Application of form design.

UNIT – II CASTING DESIGN AND WELDMENT DESIGN 10

Factors affecting casting design- Strength aspects – Sand casting and die casting
design-Factors affecting weldment design-Gas and arc welding design.

UNIT-III FORMED METAL COMPONENTS AND NON METALLIC PARTS DESIGN 10

Design considerations for the manufacture of extruded, cold headed metal parts – Tube
and section bends – Powder metal parts-Thermo setting plastic parts-Reinforced –
Plastic/Composite parts.

UNIT – IV MACHINED COMPONENTS DESIGN 10

Design considerations for the manufacture of Turned parts-drilled parts-milled parts,

planned, shaped and slotted parts-Ground parts-parts produced by EDM.

UNIT – V DESIGN FOR ASSEMBLY 9

Types of assembly – DFA –Index – evaluation of assembly – assembly cost reduction –

case of assembly – impact on quality – related software usage – case studies.

TOTAL : 45
TEXTBOOK
1. James G. Bralla – “Handbook of product design for manufacture”, McGraw Hill Book
Co., 1986.

REFERENCES
1. Henry Peck – “Designing for manufacture”, Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd., 1973.
2. Matousek – “Engineering Design”, Blackie & sons, 1956.

37
FD 9114 PRINCIPLES OF FOOD PROCESSING & PRESERVATION
L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To introduce about industrial food processing and preservation technologies
OBJECTIVES
To provide knowledge on storage, preservation and processing technologies of fresh
food, processed food, horticultural products, etc.,
UNIT – I PRINCIPLES OF FRESH FOOD STORAGE 9

Nature of harvested crop, plant and animal; Product storage; Effect of cold storage and
quality- storage of grains; Principles of refrigerated gas storage of food- Gas packed
refrigerated foods; Sub atmospheric storage; gas atmospheric storage of foods.

Principles of food freezing: development of frozen food Industry, the freezing point of
foods, freezing of bakery products. Psychrometric chart, freezing and cold storage.
freeze concentration, dehydro-freezing, freeze drying, IQF; calculation of refrigeration
load, design of freezers and cold storages.

UNIT – II PRINCIPLES OF CANNING AND DRYING 12

The art of appertizing; categories of foods for canning; spoilage of canned foods, storage
of canned foods; Influence of canning on the quality of food; improvement in canning
technology.Transport phenomena with respect to foods; Factors affecting heat and mass
transfer; Study of heat transfer and its application in the design of thermal processes;
calculation of process time temperature-schedules.
Drying – A natural process: artificial drying, adiabatic driers, influence of drying on
pigments and enzymes; Dehydration of fruits, vegetables, milk, animal products etc.
Rate of drying for food products; design parameters of different type of dryers; properties
of air-water mixtures.
Newer methods of thermal processing- batch and continuous; application of infra-red
microwaves; ohmic heating.

UNIT – III PRINCIPLES OF FOOD CONCENTRATES 6

Control of water activity; preservation by concentration and dehydration; osmotic

methods; High solid- high acid foods; Pectin and gel formation; Use of sugar and Invert
sugar, jelly making, other food products,

UNIT – IV NON-THERMAL METHODS 9

Chemical preservatives - Food additives, functional chemical additives applications.

Chemical preservatives and antibiotics; Preservation by ionizing radiations- technology
aspects of the radiations, pasteurization of foods; public health aspects, microbiology of
irradiated foods; Ultrasonics, high pressure, fermentation, curing, pickling, smoking,
membrane technology. Hurdle technology.

38
UNIT – V FOOD PACKAGING 9

Packaging– Concepts, definition, Significance, classification; Packaging– Development,

Retail/Unit ; Packaging of foods –fresh and processed;Basic packaging materials, types
of packaging, packaging design, packaging for different types of foods, retort pouch
packing, vacuum packaging; MAP, costs of packaging and recycling of materials.

TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS

1. Sivasankar, B. “Food Processing & Preservation”, Prentice Hall of India, 2002.

2. Desrosier, N.W. and Desrosier, J.N. “The Technology of Food Preservation”, 4th
Edition, CBS, 1987.
3. Khetarpaul, Neelam, “Food Processing and Preservation”, Daya Publications, 2005.

REFERNCES

1. Vaclavik, V.A. and Christian, E.W. “Essentials of Food Science”, 2nd Edition,
Springer, 2003.
2. Majumdar, A.S. “Dehydration of Products of Biological Orgin” Oxford / IBH, 2004.
3. Gopala Rao, Chandra “Essentials of Food Processing Engineering”, BS Publications,
2006.
4. Singh, M.K. “Food Preservation”, Discovery Publishing, 2007.
5. Rauganna, S. “Handbook of Canning and Aseptic Packaging” Vol. I, II & III, Tata
McGraw – Hill, 2000.

39
IE9169 PROJECT MANAGEMENT LTPC
3 003

UNIT I STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND PROJECT SELECTION 9

Project selection models, Project portfolio process, Analysis under uncertainty, Project
organization, Matrix organization

UNIT II PROJECT PLANNING 9

Work breakdown structure, Systems integration, Interface coordination, Project life cycle,
Conflict and negotiation,

UNIT III PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 12

Estimating Project Budgets, Process of cost estimation, Scheduling: Network

Techniques PERT and CPM, Risk analysis using simulation, CPM- crashing a project,
Resource loading, leveling, and allocation

UNIT IV MONITORING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS 9

Information needs and the reporting process, computerized PMIS, Earned value
analysis, Planning-Monitoring-Controlling cycle, Project control: types of control
processes, design of control systems, control of change and scope

UNIT V PROJECT AUDITING 6

Construction and use of audit report, Project audit life cycle, Essentials of audit and
evaluation, Varieties of project termination, the termination process, The Final Report –
A project history

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES:
1. Project Management – A Managerial Approach, by Jack R. Meredith, and Samuel J.
Mantel Jr., John Wiley and Sons, 2006
2. Project Management – A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling and Controlling,
by Harold Kerzner, John Wiley and Sons, 2006

40
CI 9167 INFORMATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To impart knowledge in the key areas of information systems analysis and
design.

OBJECTIVE
To provide knowledge in the concept of information system processing,
decision making, analysis and design, quality assurance and knowledge based
systems.

UNIT I COMPUTER BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM 7

Concept of information and system – system classification – The challenge of
information system – Computers and information processing – managing data
resource – organizing data in a traditional file environment – a modern database
environment – designing database.

UNIT II. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM 10

Concepts – Design and implementation of MIS – Information system for decision
making, types and levels of decision making – MIS as a technique for making
programmed decisions – Decision – Assisting information systems – Conceptual
system design – detailed system design.

UNIT III OVERVIEW OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 10

System analysis – System Design – Completing the system development process
the traditional system life cycle – Stages and limitations of life cycle approach –
case study.

UNIT IV QUALITY AND SERVICES 10

Traditional tool and Methodologies for quality assurances – New approaches to
quality – Information system failure causes – the concept of implementation –
controlling risk factor.

UNIT V KNOWLEDGE – BASED SYSTEMS 8

Decision Support Systems – Group DSS – ESS – Artificial Intelligence – Expert
System – Other intelligent technique – Neural network, Genetic Algorithm, Fuzzy
Logic.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Kenneth C.Laudon and Jane P.Laudon, “Management Information Systems”,
Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 10th Edn., 2007.
2. Robert G.Mudrick, Joel E.Ross and James R.Clagget, “Information System for
Modern Management”, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 1995.
3. Chung.P.W.H and Lovegrove G., “Industrial and Engineering Application of Al
and Expert systems”, Gardon Breach Science Publication, 1993.

41
REFERENCES
1. Davis.G.B. MIS, “Conceptual Foundation, Structure and Development” McGraw-
Hill Publishing Co., 1985.
WEB REFERENCE:
1. www.dis.uniromal.it
2.

PR 9161 ERGONOMICS IN PACKAGING L T P C

3 0 0 3
AIM

To understand, comprehand and apply the various human factors involved in

packaging technology.

OBJECTIVES

• Various concepts on human factors through procedures of analysis

• Understanding of the processes of design as applied to the medium;
• Conceptualize and create product/package designs and/or interface designs
based on sound human factors.

UNIT- I ERGONOMICS 9

Definition of human factors; Application of human factors data; Human activities: their
nature and effects; Man-machine system and physical environment; Human
performance and system reliability; Information input and processing

UNIT- II HUMAN CONTROL SYSTEMS 10

Visual displays: process of seeing, visual discrimination, quantitative and qualitative

visual display; Alphanumeric and related displays, visual codes and symbols; Auditory,
tactual and olfactory human mechanism; Applied anthropometry, physical space and
arrangement

UNIT- III INTRODUCTION TO DESIGN 10

What is Visual Communication in Design What is the importance of scientific knowledge

in design Introduction to the Human Factors in Design Physical human factors
Psychological or sociological human factors, Organizational human factors Principles of

42
Form and Function and the various Elements and Principles of Design and its relation to
Human Factors , Principles of Package Design and its affect the visual stimulation of the
audience. Case Studies

UNIT- IV PACKAGE DESIGN 6

Form, color, symbols, user specific criteria; Material, technology and recyclability;
Packaging; Multiple utility oriented approach to product and package design Element of
general design for the physically and mentally impaired.

UNIT- V DEMOGRAPHICS AND PSYCHOGRAPHICS OF THE TARGET

AUDIENCE 10

Understanding target audience when designing, Demographics and psychographics of a

target audience, Demographic survey/study for a specific package and analyze
psychographics differences within the target market’s demographic group. Package and
Market Research Studies.
TOTAL : 45

REFERENCES

1. Michal J.Burke, “Applied Ergonomics Handbook”, Lewis Publishers, 2007

2. Wesley E.Woodson, Peggy Tillman & Bary Tillman, “Human Factors Design
Handbook”, Wiley publishing co., 2006
3. Gavriel Salvendy, “Handbook of Human Factors & Ergonomics”, Wiley publishing
co., 2007
4. Nigel Thoobald, “Packaging closures & Sealing systems”, CRC Publishers, 2006

43
IE 9124 SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To impart knowledge on logistics, supply chain network design, selection and
coordination of supply chain.

OBJECTIVE

At the end of this course the student should be able to understand

1. Importance of supply chain
2. logistics management
3. design factors of supply chain
4. sourcing and revenue management
5. managing the supply chain

UNIT - I INTRODUCTION 6
Definition of Logistics and SCM: Evolution, Scope, Importance& Decision Phases –
Drivers of SC Performance and Obstacles.

UNIT - II LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT 10

Factors – Modes of Transportation - Design options for Transportation Networks-
Routing and Scheduling – Inbound and outbound logistics- Reverse Logistics – 3PL-
Integrated Logistics Concepts- Integrated Logistics Model – Activities - Measuring
logistics cost and performance – Warehouse Management - Case Analysis

UNIT - III SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK DESIGN 10

Distribution in Supply Chain – Factors in Distribution network design –Design options-

Network Design in Supply Chain – Framework for network Decisions - Managing cycle
inventory and safety.
UNIT - IV SOURCING, AND PRICING IN SUPPLY CHAIN 9

Supplier selection and Contracts - Design collaboration - Procurement process.

Revenue management in supply chain

UNIT - V COORDINATION AND TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPLY CHAIN 10

Supply chain coordination - Bullwhip effect – Effect of lack of co-ordination and obstacles
– IT and SCM - supply chain IT frame work. E Business & SCM. Metrics for SC
performance – Case Analysis
TOTAL : 45
REFERENCES
1. Supply Chain Management, Strategy, Planning, and operation – Sunil Chopra and
Peter Meindl- PHI, Second edition, 2007

44
2. Logistics, David J.Bloomberg, Stephen Lemay and Joe B.Hanna, PHI 2002
3. Logistics and Supply Chain Management –Strategies for Reducing Cost and
Improving Service. Martin Christopher, Pearson Education Asia, Second Edition
4. Modeling the supply chain, Jeremy F.Shapiro, Thomson Duxbury, 2002
5. Handbook of Supply chain management, James B.Ayers, St.Lucle Press, 2000

IE 9167 INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND HYGIENE

L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT-I OPERATIONAL SAFETY 9

Hot metal operation, boiler, pressure vessels – heat treatment shop – gas furnace
operation – electroplating – hot bending pipes – safety in welding and cutting, Cold –
metal operation – safety in machine shop – cold bending and chamfering of pipes- metal
cutting – shot blasting, grinding, painting – power press and other machines.
Management of toxic gases and chemicals – industrial fires and prevention – road safety
– highway and urban safety – safety of sewage disposal and cleaning – control of
environmental pollution – managing emergencies in industries – planning security and
risk assessments, on – site and off site. Control of major industrial hazards.

UNIT-II SAFETY APPRAISA L AND ANALYSIS 9

Human side of safety – personal protective equipment – causes and cost of accidents.
Accidents prevention program – specific hazard control strategies – HAZOP training and
development of employees – first aid – fire fight devices – accident reporting,
investigation. Measurement of safety performance, accident reporting and investigation
– plant safety inspection, job safety analysis – safety permit procedures. Product safety
– plant safety rules and procedures – safety sampling – safety inventory systems.
Determining the cost effectiveness of safety measurement.

UNIT-III OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 9

Concept and spectrum of health functional units and activities of operational health
service – occupational and related disease – levels of prevention of diseases – notifiable
occupational diseases Toxicology Lead – Nickel, chromium and manganese toxicity –
gas poisoning (such as CO, Ammonia Chlorise, So2, H2s.) their effects and prevention –
effects of ultra violet radiation and infrared radiation on human system.

UNIT-IV SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS 9

Safety and health standards – industrial hygiene – occupational diseases prevention

welfare facilities. The object of factories act 1948 with special reference to safety
provisions, model rules 123a, history of legislations related to safety – pressure vessel
act – Indian boiler act – the environmental protection act – electricity act – explosive act.

45
UNIT-V SAFETY MANAGEMENT 9

Evaluation of modern safety concepts – safety management functions – safety

organization, safety department- safety committee, safety audit – performance
measurements and motivation – employee participation in safety - safety and
productivity.

TOTAL: 45

TEXT BOOKS:

1. John.V .Grimaldi and Rollin. H Simonds, “Safety Managenent”, All India traveler book
seller, New Delhi – 1989.
2. Krishnan N.V, “Safety in Industry” , Jaico Publisher House, 1996.

REFERENCES

1. Occupational Safety Manual BHEL.

2. Industrial Safety and the law by P.M.C Nair Publishers, Trivandrum.
3. Managing emergencies in industries, loss prevention of India Ltd., proceedings,
1999.
4. Safety security and Risk management by U.K singh & J.M Dewam,. A.P.H.
publishing company, New Delhi, 1996.
5. singh, U.K and Dewan, J.M., “Sagety, Security And Risk Management”, APH
publishinf company, New Delhi, 1996.
6. John V Grimaldi, Safety Manageemnt. AITB publishers, 2003.
7. Safety MaNUAL. EDEL engineering Consultancy, 2000.

46
PD 9152 CREATIVITY IN DESIGN
L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT-I INTRODUCTION 4

Need for design creativity – creative thinking for quality – essential theory about
directed creativity

UNIT-II MECHANISM OF THINKING AND VISUALIZATION 12

Definitions and theory of mechanisms of mind heuristics and models : attitudes,

Approaches and Actions that support creative thinking - Advanced study of visual
elements and principles- line, plane, shape, form, pattern, texture gradation, color
symmmetry.Spatial relationships and compositions in 2 and 3 dimensional space -
procedure for genuine graphical computer animation – Animation aerodynamics – virtual
environments in scientific Visualization – Unifying principle of data management for
scientific visualization – Unifying principle of data management for scientific visualization
- Visualization benchmarking

UNIT-III CREATIVITY 10

Methods and tools for Directed Creativity – Basic Principles – Tools of Directed
Creativity – Tools that prepare the mind for creative thought – stimulation of new ideas –
Development and Actions: The Bridge between man creativity and the rewards of
innovativeness – Applying Directed Creativity to the challenge of quality management

UNIT-IV DESIGN 9

Process Design, Recycling and availability-Creativity and customer needs

analysis – Innovative product and service designs, future directions in this application of
creativity thinking in quality management

UNIT-V IMPLEMENTATION 10

Achieving Creativity – the essential factors – mind mapping – force filled analysis
The game – Introduction – uses of the game – Pre-game preparation – playing the game
– The seven creative prompts lists – walking the walks: Taking action – Ben Balance –
Work Sheet – Celebrations Document – Sniper Trap

TOTAL: 45

REFERENCES

1. Rousing Creativity: Think New NowFloyd Hurr, ISBN 1560525479, Crisp

Publications Inc. 1999

47
IE 9159 DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM:
OBJECTIVE:
UNIT-I DECISION MAKING 5
Managerial decision making, system modeling and support-preview of
the modeling process-phases of decision making process.

UNIT-II MODELING AND ANALYSIS 12

DSS components- Data warehousing, access, analysis, mining and
visualization-modeling and analysis-DSS development.

UNIT-III KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 12

Group support systems- enterprise DSS- supply chain and DSS-

knowledge management methods, technologies and tools.

UNIT-IV INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 12

Artificial intelligence and expert systems-concepts, structure, types-
knowledge acquisition and validation, knowledge representation

UNIT-V IMPLEMENTATION 4
Implementation, integration and impact of management support
systems
TOTAL 45

REFERENCES

1. Efraim Turban and Jay E Aronson, Decision Support and Intelligent

Systems, Pearson education Asia, Seventh edition, 2005.

2. Elain Rich and Kevin Knight, Artificial intelligence, TMH,2006.

48
BA9127 BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
LT P C
3003

UNIT – I INTRODUCTION 9

Business Research – Definition and Significance – the research process – Types of

Research – Exploratory and causal Research – Theoretical and empirical Research –
Cross –Sectional and time – series Research – Research questions / Problems –
Research objectives – Research hypotheses – characteristics – Research in an
evolutionary perspective – the role of theory in research.

UNIT – II RESEARCH DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT 9

Research design – Definition – types of research design – exploratory and causal

research design – Descriptive and experimental design – different types of experimental
design – Validity of findings – internal and external validity – Variables in Research –
Measurement and scaling – Different scales – Construction of instrument – Validity and
Reliability of instrument.

UNIT – III DATA COLLECTION 9

Types of data – Primary Vs Secondary data – Methods of primary data collection –

Survey Vs Observation – Experiments – Construction of questionaire and instrument –
Validation of questionaire – Sampling plan – Sample size – determinants optimal sample
size – sampling techniques – Probability Vs Non–probability sampling methods.

UNIT – IV DATA PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS 9

Data Preparation – editing – Coding –Data entry – Validity of data – Qualitative Vs

Quantitative data analyses – Bivariate and Multivariate statistical techniques – Factor
analysis – Discriminant analysis – cluster analysis – multiple regression and correlation
– multidimensional scaling – Application of statistical software for data analysis.

UNIT – V REPORT DESIGN, WRITING AND ETHICS IN BUSINESS RESEARCH

9

Research report – Different types – Contents of report – need of executive summary –

chapterization – contents of chapter – report writing – the role of audience – readability –
comprehension – tone – final proof – report format – title of the report – ethics in
research – ethical behaviour of research – subjectivity and objectivity in research.

Total: 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Donald R. Cooper and Pamela S. Schindler, Business Research methods ,9th
Edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2006.
2. Alan Bryman and Emma Bell, Business Research methods, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi, 2008.
3. Uma Sekaran, Research methods for Business, Wiley India, New Delhi, 2006.
4. K. N. Krishnaswamy, Appa Iyer Sivakumar and M. Mathirajan, Management
Research Methodology, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2006.

49
QE 9156 LEAN SIX SIGMA
LTPC
3 003

UNIT-I EVOLUTION OF LEAN SIX SIGMA 5

Introduction to Lean Principles and Six Sigma Concepts-Similarities and differences –

Synergy-Evolution of Lean Six Sigma

UNIT-II LEAN SIX SIGMA APPROACH 8

Lean Six Sigma Methodology- Phases of Lean Six Sigma Method, Managing Lean Six
sigma Project ,Six sigma Methodologies ( DMAIC, DMADV , DFSS)

UNIT-III SIX SIGMA TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES 12

Advanced Statistical Tools - Statistical Process Control-Process Capability Analysis

Sigma computation -Hypothesis Testing-ANOVA-Design of Experiments- chi-square
test, Regression analysis –Case studies

UNIT-IV LEAN TOOLS 10

Value Stream Mapping – Poka Yoke-5S-Cycle Time Analysis-Push-Pull Systems- Waste

Elimination- Total Productive Maintenance- Failure Mode Effect Analysis- Standard
Work Practices-Control Plans, SMED , Kanban , Visual control , Kaizen –Case studies

UNIT-V LEAN SIX SIGMA IMPLEMENTATION 10

Identifying Lean Six Sigma Projects, Define Scope, Planning for Implementation,
Selection of tools and techniques for each phase, measuring the Benefits

TOTAL: 45

REFERENCES

1. Michael L. George, David Rowlands, Bill Kastle ,What is Lean Six Sigma,
McGraw-Hill, 2003
2. Thomas Pyzdek,The Six Sigma Handbook ,McGraw-Hill, 2000
3. James P. Womack , Daniel T. Jones ,Lean Thinking, Free press business, 2003.
4 Forrest W. Breyfogle III ,Implementing Six Sigma: Smarter Solutions Using Statistical
Methods ,1999.
5. Liker, Jeffrey; Meier, David ,Toyota Talent , Tata Mcgraw Hills

50
IE 9155 TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND SYSTEM
L T P C
3 0 0 3

UNIT I CONCEPTS AND PHILOSOPHY 9

Basic concepts, need for TQM, principles of TQM, Quality philosophies of Deming,
Crosby, Juran, Ishikawa and Feigenbaum, TQM models.

UNIT II TQM PROCESS 9

QC tools, problem solving methodologies, new management tools, quality circles, bench
marking, strategic quality planning.

UNIT III TQM SYSTEMS 9

Quality policy deployment, quality function deployment, introduction to BPR and FMEA.

UNIT IV QUALITY SYSTEM 9

Need for ISO 9000 system, advantages, clauses of ISO 9000, Implementation of ISO
9000, QS9000 systems, introduction to EMS, quality costs, quality auditing, case
studies.

UNIT V IMPLEMENTATION OF TQM 9

KAIZEN, 5S, JIT, POKAYOKE, Taguchi methods, steps in TQM implementation,

national and international quality awards, case studies.

TOTAL : 45

REFERENCES

1. Dale H.Besterfiled, “Total Quality Management”, Pearson Education Asia, (Indian

reprint 2002)
2. Rose, J.E. Total Quality Management, Kogan Page Ltd. 1993.
3. John Bank, The essence of total quality management, PHI 1993.
4. Greg Bounds, Lyle Yorks et al, Beyond Total Quality Management, McGraw Hill,
1994.
5. Takashi Osada, The 5S’s The Asian Productivity Organization, 1991.
6. Masaki Imami, KAIZEN, McGraw Hill, 1986.

51