User's Manual

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RAR 3.00 32-bit console version
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=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Welcome to the RAR Archiver!
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Introduction
~~~~~~~~~~~~
RAR is a powerful tool which allows you to manage and control archive
files. The archive is usually a regular file, which name has a ".rar"
suffix.
RAR features include:-
* Highly sophisticated, original compression algorithm
* Special compression algorithms optimized for text, audio,
graphics data, 32 and 64-bit Intel executables
* Better compression than similar tools, using 'solid' archiving
* Authenticity verification (registered version only)
* Self-extracting archives and volumes (SFX)
* Ability to recover physically damaged archives
* Locking, password, file order list, file security & more ...

Configuration file
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RAR for Unix reads configuration information from the file .rarrc
in the user's home directory (stored in HOME environment variable)
or in /etc directory.
RAR for Windows reads configuration information from the file rar.ini,
placed in the same directory as the rar.exe file.
This file may contain the following string:
switches=<any RAR switches, separated with a space>

Environment variable
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Default parameters may be added to the RAR command line by establishing
an environment variable "RAR".
For instance, in UNIX following lines may be added to your profile:
RAR='-s -md1024'
export RAR
RAR will use this string as default parameters in the command line and
will create "solid" archives with 1024 KB sliding dictionary size.
RAR handles options with priority as following:
command line switches highest priority
 switches in the RAR variable lower priority
switches saved in configuration file lowest priority

Log file
~~~~~~~~
If the switch -ilog is specified in the command line or configuration
file, RAR will write informational messages, concerning errors
encountered while processing archives, to a log file. In Unix
this file is named .rarlog and placed in the user's home directory.
In Windows it is named rar.log and placed in the same directory as
the rar.exe file. Switch -ilog allows to override the default log name.

The file order list for solid archiving - rarfiles.lst

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
rarfiles.lst contains user-defined file list which tells RAR
the order to add files to a solid archive. It may contain file
names, wildcards and special entry - $default. The default
entry defines the place in order list for files not matched
with other entries in this file. The comment character is ';'.
In Windows this file should be placed in the same directory as RAR,
in Unix - to the user's home directory or to /etc.
Tips to provide improved compression and speed of operation:
- similar files should be grouped together in the archive;
- frequently accessed files should be placed at the beginning.

RAR command line syntax

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Syntax
RAR <command> [ -<switches> ] <archive> [ <@listfiles...> ]
[ <files...> ] [ <path_to_extract\> ]
Description
Command line options (commands and switches) provides control of
creating and managing archives with RAR. The command is a string (or a
single letter) which commands RAR to perform a corresponding action.
Switches are designed to modify the way RAR performs the action. Other
parameters are archive name and files to be archived into or extracted
from the archive.
Listfiles are plain text files contained names of files to process.
File names should start at the first column. It is possible to
put comments to the listfile after // characters. For example,
you may create backup.lst containing the following strings:
c:\work\doc\*.txt //backup text documents
c:\work\image\*.bmp //backup pictures
c:\work\misc
and then run:
 rar a backup @backup.lst
If you wish to read file names from stdin (standard input),
specify the empty listfile name (just @).
You may specify both usual file names and list files in the same
command line. If neither files nor listfiles are specified,
then *.* is implied and RAR will process all files
In a UNIX environment you need to quote wildcards to avoid them being
processed by RAR itself. For example, this command will extract
*.asm files from RAR archives in current path:
rar e '*.rar' '*.asm'

Command could be any of the following:

a Add files to archive.
Example:
create or update existent archive myarch, adding all files
in the current directory
rar a myarch

c Add archive comment. Comments are displayed while the archive is

being processed. Comment length is limited to 62000 bytes
Examples:
rar c distrib.rar
Also comments may be added from a file:
rar c -zinfo.txt dummy

cf Add files comment. File comments are displayed when the 'v'
command is given. File comment length is limited to 32767 bytes.
Example:
rar cf bigarch *.txt

cw Write archive comment to specified file.

Example:
rar cw oldarch comment.txt

d Delete files from archive. Note, if the processing of this

command resulted in removing all the files from the archive, the
empty archive would removed.
e Extract files to current directory.

f Freshen files in archive. Updates those files changed since they

were packed to the archive. This command will not add new files
to the archive.

k Lock archive. Any command which intends to change the archive

will be ignored.
Example:
rar k final.rar

l[t] List contents of archive [technical]. Files are listed as with

the 'v' command with the exception of the file path. i.e. only
the file name is displayed. Optional technical information
(host OS, solid flag and old version flag) is displayed
when 't' modifier is used.

m[f] Move to archive [files only]. Moving files and directories

results in the files and directories being erased upon
successful completion of the packing operation. Directories will
not be removed if 'f' modifier is used and/or '-ed' switch is
applied.

p Print file to stdout.

r Repair archive. Archive repairing is performed in two stages.

First, the damaged archive is searched for a recovery record
(see 'rr' command). If the archive contains a recovery record
and if the portion of the damaged data is continuous and less
than N*512 bytes, where N is number of recovery sectors placed
into the archive, the chance of successful archive
reconstruction is very high. When this stage has completed, a
new archive will be created, called _RECOVER.RAR.
If a broken archive does not contain a recovery record or if
the archive is not completely recovered due to major damage, a
second stage is performed. During this stage only the archive
structure is reconstructed and it is impossible to recover
files which fail the CRC validation, it is still possible to
recover undamaged files which were inaccessible due to the
broken archive structure. Mostly this is useful for non-solid
archives.
When the second stage is completed, the reconstructed archive
will be saved as _RECONST.RAR.
While the recovery is in progress, RAR may prompt the user for
assistance when a suspicious file is detected.
Suspicious entry
 Name: <possibly filename>
Size: <size> Packed: <compressed size>
Add it: Yes/No/All
Answer 'y' to add this entry to the file _RECOVER.RAR.
Example:
rar r buggy.rar

rc Reconstruct missing volumes using recovery volumes

(.rev files). You need to specify any existing volume
as the archive name, for example, 'rar rc backup.part03.rar'
Read 'rv' command description for information about
recovery volumes.

rr[N] Add data recovery record. Optionally, redundant information

(recovery record) may be added to an archive. This will cause
a small increase of the archive size and helps to recover
archived files in case of floppy disk failure or data losses of
any other kind. A recovery record contains up to 32768 recovery
sectors. The number of sectors may be specified directly in the
'rr' command (N = 1, 2 .. 32768) or if it is not specified by the
user it will be selected automatically according to the archive
size: a size of the recovery information will be about 1%
of the total archive size, usually allowing the recovery of
up to 0.6% of the total archive size of continuously damaged data.
It is also possible to specify the recovery record size in
percent to the archive size. Just append the percent character
to the command parameter. For example:
rar rr3% arcname
Note that if you run this command from .bat or .cmd file,
you need to use rr3%% instead of rr3%, because the command
processor treats the single '%' character as start of
batch file parameter. You may also use 'p' instead of '%',
so 'rr3p' will work too.
If data are damaged continuously then each rr-sector helps to
recover 512 bytes of damaged information. This value may be
lower in cases of multiple damage.
The size of the recovery record may be approximately determined
by the formula <archive size>/256 + <number of recovery
sectors>*512 bytes.

rv[N] Create recovery volumes (.rev files), which can be later

used to reconstruct missing files in a volume set.
This command has sense only for multivolume archives
and you need to specify a name of the first volume
in the set as the archive name. For example:
rar rv3 data.part01.rar
 This feature may be useful for backups or, for example,
when you posted a multivolume archive to a newsgroup
and a part of subscribers did not receive some files.
Reposting recovery volumes instead of usual volumes
may reduce a total number of files to repost.
Each recovery volume is able to reconstruct one missing
RAR volume. For example, if you have 30 volumes and
3 recovery volumes, you are able to reconstruct any
3 missing volumes. If number of .rev files is less than
number of missing volumes, reconstructing is impossible.
Total number of usual and recovery volumes must not
exceed 255.
The optional <N> parameter specifies a number of recovery
volumes to create and must be less than the total number
of RAR volumes in the set. You may also append a percent
character to this parameter, in such case the number of
creating .rev files will be equal to this percent taken
from the total number of RAR volumes. For example:
rar rv15% data.part01.rar
RAR reconstructs missing volumes either when using 'rc'
command or automatically, if it cannot locate the next
volume and finds the required number of .rev files
when unpacking.
Recovery volumes cannot correct damaged RAR files, but only
completely reconstruct missing ones, so if your volume
is corrupt and you want to repair it using recovery volumes,
just delete it and then run 'rc' command.
If recovery volume itself is corrupt, the result of
reconstructing is undefined. It is even possible that
a reconstructed volume will be also corrupt without any
warning when performing reconstructing.
Names of recovery volumes contain information important
for reconstruction (the total number of usual and recovery
volumes and the number of concrete recovery volume).
You must not rename usual or recovery volumes after they
were created, otherwise RAR will not able to reconstruct
them later.

s[name] Convert archive to SFX. The archive is merged with SFX-module

(using a module in file default.sfx or specified in the switch).
In the Windows version default.sfx should be placed in the
same directory as the rar.exe, in Unix - in the user's
home directory, in /usr/lib or /usr/local/lib.
s- Remove SFX module from the already existing SFX archive.
RAR creates a new archive without SFX module, the original
SFX archive is not deleted.
t Test archive files. This command performs a dummy file
extraction, writing nothing to the output stream, in order to
validate the specified file(s).
 Examples:
Test archives in current directory:
rar t *
or for Unix:
rar t '*'
User may test archives in all sub-directories, starting
with the current path:
rar t -r *
or for Unix:
rar t -r '*'

u Update files in archive. Adds files not already in the archive

and updates files changed since they were packed to the archive.

v[t] Verbosely list the contents of archive [technical].

Files are listed using the format: full pathname, file comment,
original and compressed size, compression ratio, last update
date and time, attributes, CRC, compression method and minimum
RAR version required to extract. Optional technical information
(host OS, solid flag and old file version flag) is displayed
when 't' modifier is used.
To list the contents of all archive volumes, use an asterisk
('*') in place of the archive file extension or use the '-v'
switch.
Example:
direct archive content list (technical) to a file
rar vt bambam >bambam.lst

x Extract files with full path.

Example:
rar x -av- -c- dime 10cents.txt
extract specified file to current path. AV check and comment
show are disabled.

Switches (used in conjunction with a command):

-? Display help on commands and switches. The same as when none

or an illegal command line option is entered.
-- Stop switches scanning
This switch tells to RAR that there is no more switches
in the command line. It could be useful, if either archive
or file name starts from '-' character. Without '--' switch
such name would be treated as switch.
Example:
add all files from the current directory to the solid archive
'-StrangeName'
RAR a -s -- -StrangeName
-ac Clear Archive attribute after compression or extraction
(Windows version only).

-ad Append archive name to destination path.

This option may be useful when unpacking a group of archives.
By default RAR places files from all archives to the same
directory, but this switch creates a separate directory
for files unpacked from each archive.
Example:
rar x -ad *.rar data\
RAR will create for every unpacking archive subdirectories
below 'data'.

-ag[format]
Generate archive name using the current date and time.
Appends the current date string to an archive name when
creating an archive. Useful for daily backups.
Format of the appending string is defined by the optional
"format" parameter or by "YYYYMMDDHHMMSS" if this parameter
is absent. Format string may include the following characters:
Y - year
M - month
MMM - month name as text string (Jan, Feb, etc.)
W - a week number (a week starts with Monday)
A - day of week number (Monday is 1, Sunday - 7)
D - day of month
E - day of year
H - hours
M - minutes (treated as minutes if encountered after hours)
S - seconds
If the first character in the format string is '+', positions
of the date string and base archive name are exchanged,
so date will precede an archive name.
All other characters are added to an archive name without
 changes.
Examples:
1) use the default YYYYMMDDHHMMSS format
rar a -ag backup
2) use DD-MMM-YY format
rar a -agDD-MMM-YY backup
3) use YYYYMMDDHHMM format, place date before 'backup'
rar a -ag+YYYYMMDDHHMM backup
4) use YYYY-WW-A format
rar a -agYYYY-WW-A backup

-ao Add files with Archive attribute set

(Windows version only).
Example:
add all disk C: files with Archive attribute set
to the 'f:backup' and clear files Archive attribute
rar a -r -ac -ao f:backup c:\*.*

-ap Set path inside archive. This path is merged to file

names when adding files to an archive and removed
from file names when extracting.
For example, if you wish to add the file 'readme.txt'
to the directory 'DOCS\ENG' of archive 'release',
you may run:
rar a -apDOCS\ENG release readme.txt
or to extract 'ENG' to the current directory:
rar x -apDOCS release DOCS\ENG\*.*

-as Synchronize archive contents

If this switch is used when archiving, those archived files
which are not present in the list of the currently added
files, will be deleted from archive. It is convenient to use
this switch in combination with -u (update) to synchronize
contents of an archive and an archiving directory.
For example, after the command:
rar a -u -as backup sources\*.cpp
the archive 'backup.rar' will contain only *.cpp files
 from directory 'sources', all other files will be deleted
from the archive. It looks similar to creating a new archive,
but with the one important exception: if no files are
modified since a last backup, the operation is performed
much faster than creation of a new archive.

-av Put authenticity verification (registered versions only).

RAR will put, in every new and updated archive, information
concerning the creator, last update time and archive name.
If an archive, containing authenticity verification, is being
modified and this switch is not specified, the authenticity
verification information will be removed.
When extracting, testing, listing or updating and archive with
the '-av' switch, RAR will perform integrity validation and
display the message:
Verifying authenticity information ...
In the case of successful authenticity verification, the message
'Ok', creator name and last update information will be
displayed. In the case of authenticity verification failure, the
message 'FAILED' will be displayed.
The Authenticity Verification feature, '-av,' is recommended for
use with archives in a software distribution environment.
In order to enable the Authenticity verification feature, the
program MUST be registered. Please contact your local
distribution site or the world-wide distribution center.

-av- Disable authenticity verification checking or adding.

-cfg- Disable read configuration and environment.

-cl Convert file names to lower case.

-cu Convert file names to upper case.

-c- Disable comments show.

-df Delete files after archiving

Move files to archive. This switch in combination with
the command "A" performs the same action as the command "M".

-dh Open shared files

Allows to process files opened by other applications
for writing.
 This option could be dangerous, because it allows
to archive a file, which at the same time is modifying
by an other application, so use it carefully.

-ds Do not sort files while adding to a solid archive.

-ed Do not add empty directories

This switch indicates that empty directories are not to be
stored in the created archive.

-ee Do not process extended attributes

Disables saving and restoring extended file attributes.
Only for OS/2 versions.

-en Do not add "end of archive" block

By default, RAR adds "end of archive" block to the end of new
or updated archive. It allows to skip external data like
digital signatures safely, but in some special cases it may be
useful to disable this feature. For example, if an archive
is transferred between two systems via a unreliable link and
at the same time a sender adds new files to it, it may be
important to be sure that the already received file part will
not be modified on the other end between transfer sessions.
This switch cannot be used with volumes, because the end
of archive block contains information important for correct
volume processing.

-ep Exclude paths from names. This switch enables files to be added
to an archive without including the path information. This
could, of course, result in multiple files existing in the
archive with the same name.

-ep1 Exclude base dir from names. Do not store the path entered in
the command line.
Example:
all files and directories from the directory tmp will be added
to the archive 'test', but the path in archived names will not
include 'tmp\'
rar a -ep1 -r test tmp\*
This is equivalent to the commands:
cd tmp
rar a -r ..\test
cd ..
-ep2 Expand paths to full. Store full file paths (except a drive
letter and leading path separator) when archiving.

-e<atr> Specifies file exclude attributes mask. <atr> is a number in the

decimal, octal (with leading '0') or hex (with leading '0x')
format. If result of bitwise AND between <atr> and file
attributes is nonzero, then file would not be added to archive.
In the Windows version also is possible to use instead of
digital mask symbols D, S, H, A and R to denote directories
and files with system, hidden, archive and read-only attributes.
The order in which the attributes are given is not significant.

-f Freshen files. May be used with archive extraction or creation.

The command string "a -f" is equivalent to the command 'f', you
could also use the switch '-f' with the commands 'm' or 'mf'. If
the switch '-f' is used with the commands 'x' or 'e', then only
old files would be replaced with new versions extracted from the
archive.

-hp[p] Encrypt both file data and headers.

This switch is similar to -p[p], but switch -p encrypts
only file data and leaves other information like file names
visible. This switch encrypts all sensitive archive areas
include file data, file names, sizes, attributes, comments
and other blocks, so it provides a higher security level.
Without a password it is impossible to view even the list of
files in archive encrypted with -hp.
Example:
rar a -hpfGzq5yKw secret report.txt
will add the file report.txt to the encrypted archive
secret.rar using the password 'fGzq5yKw'

-idp Disable percentage indicator.

May be useful when redirecting output to a file.

-ieml[.][addr]
Send archive by email. Win32 version only.
Attach an archive created or updated by the add command
to email message. You need to have MAPI compliant email
client to use this switch (most modern email programs
support MAPI interface).
You may enter a destination email address directly
in the switch or leave it blank. In the latter case it
will be asked by your email program. It is possible to
specify several addresses separated with commas or
semicolons.
 If you append a dot character to -ieml, an archive will be
deleted after it was successfully attached to email.
If the switch is used when creating a multivolume archive,
every volume is attached to separate email message.

-ierr Send all messages to stderr.

-ilog[name]
Log errors to file (registered version only).
Write error messages to the file rar.log created in RAR
directory. It is possible to specify another log file name
instead of the default rar.log in the switch, for example,
-ilogc:\log\backup.log. If the specifed name does not
include path, the log file will be created in RAR directory.

-inul Disable all messages.

-isnd Enable sound.

-k Lock archive. Any command which intends to change the archive

will be ignored.

-kb Keep broken extracted files.

RAR, by default, deletes files with CRC errors after
extraction. The switch -kb specifies that files with
CRC errors should not be deleted.

-m<n> Set compression method:

-m0 store do not compress file when adding to archive
-m1 fastest use fastest method (less compressive)
-m2 fast use fast compression method
-m3 normal use normal (default) compression method
-m4 good use good compression method (more
compressive, but slower)
-m5 best use best compression method (slightly more
compressive, but slowest)
If this switch is not specified, RAR uses -m3 method
(normal compression).
By default, RAR uses only the general compression
algorithm in -m1 and -m2 methods, advanced algorithms
like audio and true color processing are enabled
only in -m3..-m5 modes, the advanced text compression
is activated only in -m4..-m5. This default can be
overridden using -mc switch.

-mc<par>
Set advanced compression parameters.
This switch is intended mainly for benchmarking and
experiments, in the real environment usually it is better
to allow RAR to select optimal parameters automatically.
Please note that improper use of this switch may lead
to very serious performance and compression loss, so use
it only if you clearly understand what you do.
It has the following syntax:
-mc[param1][:param2][module][+ or -]
where <module> is the one character field denoting a part
of the compression algorithm, which has to be configured.
It may have the following values:
A - audio compression;
C - true color (RGB) data compression;
D - delta compression;
E - 32-bit x86 executables compression;
I - 64-bit Intel Itanium executables compression;
T - text compression.
'+' sign at the end of switch applies the selected algorithm
module to all processed data, '-' disables the module at all.
If no sign is specified, RAR will choose modules automatically,
basing on data and the current compression method.
Switch -mc- disables all optional modules and allows only
the general compression algorithm.
<Param1> and <Param2> are module dependent parameters
described below.
Audio compression, delta compression:
<Param1> is a number of byte channels (can be 1 - 31).
RAR splits multibyte channels to bytes, for example,
two 16-bit audio channels are considered by RAR as four
channels one byte each.
<Param2> is ignored.

32-bit x86 Intel executables compression,

64-bit Intel Itanium executables compression,
true color (RGB) data compression:
<Param1> and <Param2> are ignored.

Text compression:
<Param1> is the order of PPM algorithm (can be 2 - 63).
Usually a higher value slightly increases the compression ratio
of redundant data, but only if enough memory is available
to PPM. In case of lack of memory the result may be negative.
Higher order values decrease both compression and decompression
speed.
 <Param2> is memory in megabytes allocated for PPM (1-128).
Higher values may increase the compression ratio, but note
that PPM uses the equal memory size both to compress and
decompress, so if you allocate too much memory when creating
an archive, other people may have problems when decompressing
it on a computer with less memory installed. Decompression
will be still possible using virtual memory, but it may
become very slow.

Examples:
1) switch -mc1a+ forces use of 8-bit mono audio compression
for all data.
2) switch -mc10:40t+ forces use of text compression
algorithm for all data, sets the compression order to 10
and allocates 40 MB memory.
3) switch -mc12t sets the text compression order to 12,
when the text compression is used, but leaves to RAR to
decide when to use it.
4) switches -mct- -mcd- disable text and delta compression.

-md<n> Select dictionary size <n> in KB. Must be 64, 128, 256, 512,
1024, 2048 or 4096 or a letter 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g'
respectively.
The sliding dictionary is a special memory area used by the
compression algorithm. If the size of the file being compressed
(or the total files size in the case of a solid archive) is
greater than the dictionary size, then increasing the dictionary
size will generally increase compression ratio, decrease packing
speed and increase memory requirements.
RAR can reduce the dictionary size if it is significantly
larger than size of source data. It helps to reduce memory
requirements without decreasing compression.
Default sliding dictionary size is 4096 KB.
Example:
RAR a -s -mdd sources *.asm
or
RAR a -s -md512 sources *.asm
Will create a solid archive using a 512 KB dictionary.

-ms[list]
Specify file types to store.
Specify file types, which will be stored without compression.
This switch may be used to store already compressed files,
what helps to increase archiving speed without noticeable loss
in the compression ratio.
 Optional <list> parameter defines the list of file extensions
separated with a semicolon. For example, -msrar;zip;jpg will
force RAR to store without compression all RAR and ZIP
archives and JPG images. It is also allowed to specify wildcard
file masks in the list, so -ms*.rar;*.zip;*.jpg will work too.
If <list> is not specified, -ms switch will use the default
set of extensions, which includes the following file types:
ace, arj, bz2, cab, gz, jpeg, jpg, lha, lzh, mp3,
rar, zip, taz, tgz, z

-ol Save symbolic links as the link instead of the file.

Unix version only.

-os Save NTFS streams. Win32 version only.

This switch has meaning only for NTFS file system under
Windows NT and allows to save alternative data streams
associated with a file. It is especially important under
Windows 2000, which uses streams to keep some file dependent
information like file descriptions. If you use RAR to backup
your NTFS disks, it is recommended to specify this switch.

-ow Use this switch when archiving to save file security

information and when extracting to restore it.
Unix RAR version saves file owner and group when using
this switch.
Win32 version stores owner, group, file permissions and
audit information, but only if you have necessary privileges
to read them. Note that only NTFS file system supports
file based security under Windows.
-o+ Overwrite existing files.

-o- Do not overwrite existing files.

-p[p] Encrypt files with the string <p> as password while archiving.
The password is case-sensitive. If you omit the password on the
command line, you will be prompted with message "Enter password".
Example:
rar a -pmyhoney secret1 *.txt
add files *.txt and encrypt them with password "myhoney".

-p- Do not query password

-r Recurse subdirectories. May be used with commands:

 a, u, f, m, x, e, t, p, v, l, c, cf and s.
When used with the commands 'a', 'u', 'f', 'm' will process
files in all sub-directories as well as the current working
directory.
When used with the commands x, e, t, p, v, l, c, cf or s will
process all archives in sub-directories as well as the current
working directory.

-r0 Similar to -r, but when used with the commands 'a', 'u', 'f',
'm' will recurse subdirectories only for those names, which
include wildcard characters '*' and '?'

-ri<p>[:<s>]
Set priority and sleep time. Available only in RAR for Windows.
This switch is used to regulate system load by RAR in a
multitasking environment. The possible task priority values are
from 0 to 15. When <p> is equal to 0, the default task priority
is used, 1 corresponding to the lowest task priority, 15 - to
the highest. The sleep time <s> is a value from 0 to 1000
(milliseconds). This is the period of time that RAR will give
back to system after every read or write during the packing or
unpacking operation. The sleep time setting is useful when
several tasks with the same priority are running in the system.
Example:
execute RAR with default priority and 10 ms of sleep after
each read or write
rar a -r -sfx -ri0:10 backup *.*

-rr[N] Add a data recovery record. This switch is used when creating or
modifying archive to add a data recovery record to the archive.
See the 'rr[N]' command description for details.

-rv[N] Create recovery volumes. This switch is used when creating

a multivolume archive to generate recovery volumes.
See the 'rv[N]' command description for details.

-s Create solid archive. Solid is a special archive type. Please

refer to the appendix "Glossary" for further information.
Example:
create solid archive sources.rar with 512 KB dictionary,
recursing all directories, starting with the current directory.
Add only .asm files:
rar a -s -md512 sources.rar *.asm -r

-s<N> Create solid groups using file count

 Similar to -s, but reset solid statistics after compressing
<N> files. Usually decreases compression, but also
decreases losses in case of solid archive damages.

-se Create solid groups using extension

Similar to -s, but reset solid statistics if file extension
is changed. Usually decreases compression, but also
decreases losses from solid archive damages.

-sv Create independent solid volumes

By default RAR tries to reset solid statistics as soon
as possible when starting a new volume, but only
if a lot enough data was packed after a previous reset
(at least a few megabytes).
This switch forces RAR to ignore packed data size and attempt
to reset statistics for volumes of any size. It decreases
compression, but increases chances to extract a part of data
if one of solid volumes in volume set was lost or damaged.
Note that sometimes RAR cannot reset statistics even
using this switch. For example, it cannot be done when
compressing one large file split between several volumes.
RAR is able to reset solid statistics only between separate
files, but not inside of single file.
Ignored, if used to create non-volume archive.

-sv- Create dependent solid volumes

Disables to reset solid statistics between volumes.
It slightly increases compression, but significantly reduces
chances to extract a part of data if one of solid volumes
in volume set was lost or damaged.
Ignored, if used to create non-volume archive.

-s- Disable solid archiving

-sfx[name]
Create SFX archives. If this switch is used when creating a new
archive, a Self-Extracting archive (using a module in file
default.sfx or specified in the switch) would be created.
In the Windows version default.sfx should be placed in the
same directory as the rar.exe, in Unix - in the user's
home directory, in /usr/lib or /usr/local/lib.
Example:
rar a -sfxwincon.sfx myinst
create SelF-eXtracting (SFX) archive using wincon.sfx
 SFX-module.

-t Test files after archiving. This switch is especially

useful in combination with the move command, so files will be
deleted only if archive had been successfully tested.

-ta<date>
Process only files modified after the specified date.
Format of the date string is YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
It is allowed to insert separators like '-' or ':' to
the date string and omit trailing fields. For example,
the following switch is correct: -ta2001-11-20
Internally it will be expanded to -ta20011120000000
and treated as "files modified after 0 hour 0 minutes
0 seconds of 20 November 2001".

-tb<date>
Process only files modified before the specified date.
Format of the switch is the same as -ta<date>.

-tk Keep original archive date. Prevents RAR from modifying the
archive date when changing an archive.

-tl Set archive time to newest file. Forces RAR to set the date of a
changed archive to the date of the newest file in the archive.

-tn<time>
Process files newer than the specified time period. Format
of the time string is:
[<ndays>d][<nhours>h][<nminutes>m][<nseconds>s]
For example, use switch -tn15d to process files newer
than 15 days and -tn2h30m to process files newer than
2 hours 30 minutes.

-to<time>
Process files older than the specified time period. Format
of the switch is the same as -tn<time>.

-u Update files. May be used with archive extraction or creation.

The command string "a -u" is equivalent to the command 'u', you
could also use the switch '-u' with the commands 'm' or 'mf'. If
the switch '-u' is used with the commands 'x' or 'e', then files
not present on the disk and files newer than their copies on the
disk would extracted from the archive.

-v<size>[k|b|f|m|M]
Create volumes with size=<size>*1000 [*1024 | *1].
By default this switch uses <size> as thousands (1000) of bytes
(not 1024 x bytes). You may also enter the size in kilobytes
using the symbol 'k', in bytes using the symbol 'b',
in megabytes - 'm', in millions of bytes - 'M' or select
one of several predefined values using the symbol 'f'
following the numerical value. Predefined values can be
360, 720, 1200, 1440 or 2880 and replaced with corresponding
floppy disk size.
If the size is omitted, autodetection will be used.
If volumes are created on removable media, then after
the first volume has been created, user will be prompted
with:
Create next volume: Yes/No/All
At this moment in time, you should change the disks. Answering
'A' will cause all volumes to be created without a pause.
By default RAR volumes have names like 'volname.partNNN.rar',
where NNN is the volume number. Using -vn switch it is
possible to switch to another, extension based naming scheme,
where the first volume file in a multi-volume set has
the extension .rar, following volumes are numbered from .r00
to .r99.
When extracting or testing a multi-volume archive you must use
only the first volume name. If there is no next volume
on the drive and the disk is removable, the user will be
prompted with:
Insert disk with <next volume name>
Insert the disk with the correct volume and press any key.
If while extracting, the next volume is not found and volumes
are placed on the non-removable disk, RAR will abort with
the error message:
Cannot find <volume name>
Archive volumes may not be modified. The commands 'd', 'f', 'u',
's' cannot be used with Multi-volume sets. The command 'a' may
be used only for the creation of a new multi-volume sequence.
It is possible, although unlikely, that the file size, of a file
in a multi-volume set, could be greater than it's uncompressed
size. This is due to the fact that 'storing' (no compression if
size increases) cannot be enabled for multi-volume sets.
Archive volumes may be Self-Extracting (SFX). Such an archive
should be created using both the '-v' and '-sfx' switches.
Example:
create archive in volumes of fixed size:
rar a -s -v1440 floparch.rar *.*
will create solid volumes of size 1440000 bytes.
-vd Erase disk contents before creating volume
All files and directories on the target disk will be erased
when '-vd' is used. The switch applies only to removable
media, the hard disk cannot be erased using this switch.

-ver[n] File version control

Forces RAR to keep previous file versions when updating
files in the already existing archive. Old versions are
renamed to 'filename;n', where 'n' is the version number.
By default, when unpacking an archive without the switch
-ver, RAR extracts only the last added file version, which
name does not include a numeric suffix. But if you specify
a file name exactly, including a version, it will be also
unpacked. For example, 'rar x arcname' will unpack only
last versions, when 'rar x arcname file.txt;5' will unpack
'file.txt;5', if it is present in the archive.
If you specify -ver switch without a parameter when unpacking,
RAR will extract all versions of all files matched to entered
file mask. In this case a version number is not removed from
unpacked file names. You may also extract a concrete file
version specifying its number as -ver parameter. It will tell
RAR to unpack only this version and remove a version number
from file names. For example, 'rar x -ver5 arcname' will
unpack only 5th file versions.

-vn Use the old style volume naming scheme

By default RAR volumes have names like 'volname.partNNN.rar',
where NNN is the volume number. Using -vn switch it is
possible to switch to another, extension based naming scheme,
where the first volume file in a multi-volume set has
the extension .rar, following volumes are numbered from .r00
to .r99. It may have sense, if you are going to unpack
an archive under the plain MS DOS, which does not allow
more than one dot in a file name.

-vp Pause before each volume

By default RAR asks for confirmation before creating or
unpacking next volume only for removable drives.
This switch forces RAR to ask such confirmation always.
It can be useful if disk space is limited and you wish
to copy each volume to another media immediately after
creating.

-w<p> Assign work directory as <p>. This switch may be used to assign
the directory for temporary files.

-x<f> Exclude specified file <f>, wildcards may be used both

 in the name and file parts of file mask. You may specify
the switch '-x' several times:
Examples:
1) rar a -r -x*.bak -x*.rar rawfiles
*.bak and *.rar files will not be added to rawfiles
2) rar a -r -x*\temp\* savec c:\*
compress all files on the disk c: except those in temp folders

-x@<lf> Exclude files using specified list file.

Example:
rar a [email protected] arch *.exe

-y Assume Yes on all queries.

-z<f> Read archive comment from file <f>.

Limitations
~~~~~~~~~~~
Pathname is limited to 259 symbols.
Maximum archive comment length is 62000 bytes.
Command limitations:
The commands 'd','u','f','c','cf' will not operate with archive
volumes.
The command 'a' cannot be used to update an archive volume, only to
create one.

Exit values
~~~~~~~~~~~
RAR exits with a zero code (0) in case of successful operation. The exit
code of non-zero means the operation is cancelled due to error:
255 USER BREAK User stopped the process
8 MEMORY ERROR Not enough memory for operation
7 USER ERROR Command line option error
6 OPEN ERROR Open file error
5 WRITE ERROR Write to disk error
4 LOCKED ARCHIVE Attempt to modify an archive previously locked
 by the 'k' command
3 CRC ERROR A CRC error occurred when unpacking
2 FATAL ERROR A fatal error occurred
1 WARNING Non fatal error(s) occurred
0 SUCCESS Successful operation (User exit)

Glossary
~~~~~~~~
Archive Special file containing one or more files optionally
compressed and/or encrypted.
Compression A method of encoding data to reduce it's size.
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check. Mathematical method calculating
special checking information for data validity.
SFX Archive module used to extract files from when executed.
(SelF-eXtracting module), usually in the form of a .EXE
file.
Solid An archive packed using a special compression method which
sees all files as one continuous data stream. Particularly
advantageous when packing a large number of small files.
Volume Part of a split archive. Splitting an archive to volumes
allows storing them on diskettes. Solid volumes must be
extracted starting from first in sequence.

Copyrights
(c) 1993-2002 Eugene Roshal