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Computer Graphics - Visible Surface Detection

This document discusses various techniques for visible surface detection and depth cueing in 3D computer graphics, including: 1) Back-face detection, which determines if a polygon is facing towards or away from the view. 2) The depth-buffer (z-buffer) method, which compares depth values of surfaces at each pixel and displays the color of the closest surface. 3) Depth cueing, which adjusts pixel colors based on distance to provide depth perception.

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Syedkareem_hkg
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2K views

Computer Graphics - Visible Surface Detection

This document discusses various techniques for visible surface detection and depth cueing in 3D computer graphics, including: 1) Back-face detection, which determines if a polygon is facing towards or away from the view. 2) The depth-buffer (z-buffer) method, which compares depth values of surfaces at each pixel and displays the color of the closest surface. 3) Depth cueing, which adjusts pixel colors based on distance to provide depth perception.

Uploaded by

Syedkareem_hkg
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Visible Surface Detection

Visible Surface Detection

Object space methods

Image space methods


Back-Face Detection

yv (x,y,z) is behind the polygon if


xv Ax+By+Cz<0
N=(A,B,C)
zv or
Vview
A polygon is a backface if
Vview . N >0

if Vview is parallel to zv axis:


if C<0 then backface
if C=0 then polygon cannot
be seen
Depth-Buffer Method (z-Buffer)
Compares depths of the
yv
surfaces and uses the color
xv
(x,y) of the closest one to the view
zv plane
view plane

Depth buffer – depth values of


surfaces for (x,y)
0 ≤ depth ≤ 1
Object space method Frame buffer (refresh buffer) –
color value for (x,y)
Depth-Buffer Method (z-Buffer)
1. depthbuffer(x,y) = 1.0
framebuffer(x,y) = background color
2. Process each polygon one at a time
2.1. For each projected (x,y) pixel position of a polygon,
calculate depth z.
2.2. If z < depthbuffer(x,y)
compute surface color,
set depthbuffer(x,y) = z,
framebuffer(x,y) = surfacecolor(x,y)
Depth-Buffer Method (z-Buffer)
Calculating Depth:

At (x,y): Ax+By+Cz+D=0
z=(-Ax-By-D)/C

For (x+1, y): z’ = z-(A/C)

For x’=x-1/m, y’=y-1:


z’= z+(A/m+B)/C
A-Buffer Method
Depth: a real number
 ≥0 : single surface
 <0 : multiple surfaces

Surface info: surface data or pointer


opaque transparent
Surface data:
 RGB intensity
 opacity
Linked list:
 depth
depth surface info  percent of area coverage
 surface identifier
 etc.
Scan-Line Method
yv
For each scan-line, examine all
polygon surface projections
intersecting that scan line to
determine which are visible. Then
enter the surface color of that
position in the frame buffer.

xv Edge table:
• coordinate endpoints of each line
• inverse slope of each line
• pointers to surface table
Image space method Surface table:
• plane coefficients (A,B,C)
• surface material properties
• pointers to edge table
Scan-Line Method
Algorithm:
yv

1 1. Form an active edge list that contains


only the edges that cross the current
2 scan line, sorted in order of increasing x.
3

2. Define a flag for each surface to indicate


xv whether a position along a scan line is
inside or outside the surface.

3. Process pixel positions across each scan


line from left to right. Locate visible
positions of surfaces along the scan line.
Scan-Line Method

Divide surfaces to eliminate the


overlap.
Visible Line Detection
(Wireframe visibility)
If the projected edge endpoints of a line segment are both
within the projected area of a surface, compare the
depth of the endpoints to the surface depth at those
(x,y) positions.

If both endpoints are behind the surface => hidden edge


If both endpoints are in front of the surface => visible edge

Otherwise calculate the intersections and the depth value


of the intersection point.

• If for both intersection points, edge has greater depth


than the surface => part of the edge is behind the
surface
• If one edge endpoint has greater depth and the other
has less depth than the surface => edge penetrates
the surface
Then, calculate the penetration point
Depth Cueing

fdepth(d) is multiplied by each pixel’s color

fdepth(d) = (dmax-d)/(dmax-dmin)

d: distance of a point from the viewing position


dmin: 0.0
dmax: 1.0
OpenGL
 glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND BACK, GL_LINE)
• displays both visible and hidden edges

 glEnable (GL_FOG)
 glFogi (GL_FOG_MODE, GL_LINEAR)
• generates fog effect. Uses depth cueing.

 glEnable (GL_CULL_FACE)
 glDisable (GL_CULL_FACE)
 glCullFace (mode)
• used for backface removal
• GL_BACK (default), GL_FRONT (if inside a building),
GL_FRONT_AND_BACK
OpenGL
 glutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH)
• initializes GLUT, requests a depth buffer and a frame buffer

 glClear (GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
• initially depth buffer has the background color. It must be cleared every time
before displaying a new frame.

 glEnable (GL_DEPTH_TEST)
 glDisable (GL_DEPTH_TEST)
• to activate depth buffer routines

 glClearDepth (maxDept)
• to set maxDepth to another value (0.0 – 1.0)
 glDepthRange (nearNormDept, farNormDept)
• to adjust normalization values (defaults: near- 0.0, far- 1.0)
OpenGL

 glDepthFunction (testCondition)
• to specify a test condition for depth-buffer routines
• GL_LESS (default), GL_GREATER, GL_EQUAL,
GL_NOTEQUAL, GL_LEQUAL, GL_GEQUAL, GL_NEVER,
GL_ALWAYS

 glDepthMask (writeStatus)
• to set the status of depth-buffer routines
• TRUE: read/write
• FALSE: read only

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