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Lecture # 3

This document summarizes the steps to calculate the time required to empty a 4m square tank that is 10m high through a 5cm^2 hole in the bottom. It sets up a material balance equation and uses Bernoulli's equation to relate the flow velocity to the square root of the height. Integrating this differential equation allows calculating the time to empty the tank as the height decreases from 10m to 0m.

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Usman Javaid
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132 views3 pages

Lecture # 3

This document summarizes the steps to calculate the time required to empty a 4m square tank that is 10m high through a 5cm^2 hole in the bottom. It sets up a material balance equation and uses Bernoulli's equation to relate the flow velocity to the square root of the height. Integrating this differential equation allows calculating the time to empty the tank as the height decreases from 10m to 0m.

Uploaded by

Usman Javaid
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LECTURE # 3

Example # 7.1:
A square tank of 4m on a side and 10m high is filled to the brim with water.
Find the time required to empty it through a hole in the bottom 5cm 2 in area?

4m
Solution:

10 m

5cm2

Material balance:

Rin - Rout + Rgeneration - Rconsumption = Racc./depletion


As:

Rin = Rgeneration = Rconsumption


Therefore:

Rout = Racc./depletion

-m. = dm/dt
ρA Uout = d(ρv)/dt

-A0 U = d(At h)/dt


Where;

A0 = Cross-sectional Area of the Tank

At = Area of the Hole

Now, as At is constant;

Therefore:

-A0 u= At (dh/dt) (1)


Now applying Bernoulli’s Equation for the tank:

P1 + 1/2 ρv12+ ρgh1 = P2 + 1/2 ρv22+ ρgh2

u = √ 2 gh

Now as we know that:

u = Co √ 2 gh

And Co = 0.62
Put this value in Eq. (1):

-A0 Co √ 2 gh = At (dh/dt)

-(A0/ At) Co √ 2 gh = dh/dt


Now put:

B = (A0/ At) Co √ 2 g
Therefore:

-B √ h = dh/dt

dh/dt + B √ h = 0

dh/dt + (B/√ h) h = 0
This is a 1st order non-linear homogeneous ODE with variable co-efficients and degree
one

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