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1.Real application testing

' racle defines real application testing as a combination of two tools:-

a. Database reply
b. SQL performance analyzer
DATABASE REPLY :

' Database reply helps in capturing the complete database workload and then replying it
on some other database or even on the same database. The capture process captures
all the dmls during the capture period and stores them in binary format. These files
have to exported to and can be replied on a test database. During the capture process
oracle automatically takes AWR snapshots and once the capture is complete the
snapshots have to be exported to the test system for comparing these statistics with
those in the test system.
' Some of the important Pre-processing steps before starting the reply process are :
Restore Database : nce the PR D backup is restored in the test system, it has be to
recovered up to the scn number specified during the capture process
Resolve References to External Systems : E.g. A db link in the prod system.
' nce the reply process is complete various reports are available to compare the reply
and capture processes. ne of them is the AWR compare report.
' The AWR compare report compares statistics during capture and reply process
highlights metrics such as waits, locks, redo generation, consistent gets, and so on.
' An example of a AWR compare report is below
Architecture

ther useful reports are:

1. DB reply report the helps in comparing the execution of the
captured workload to that of reply workload
2. AWR report that summarizes and analyzes the database¶s overall
performance between the database replay operation¶s starting and
ending time periods.
   
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' n Database Replay, the entire captured workload is replayed against the database. But
what if you don¶t want to do that? What if you want to see how specific sql statements
would behave after say, a parameter change or creating a new index? SPA allows you to
do that. t Allows you to capture specific SQL statements and replay them and also
provides a report to analyze the change.
2. á
 



' n 10g,the total available memory is divided into two components. ne is SGA and the
other is PGA. racle offered SGA_TARGET to automate the individual components
inside the SGA. n 11g oracle takes this tradition a little forward to completely automate
the available memory.
' Along with SGA_TARGET,PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET oracle offers
MEM RY_TARGET. f MEM RY_TAGET is set oracle takes care of SGA and PGA
automatically. This parameter is a static initialization parameter.
' racle also provides four new dynamic performance views :
'
MEM RY_CURRENT_RES E_ PS
'
MEM RY_DYNAMC_C MP NENTS
'
MEM RY_RES E_ PS
'
MEM RY_TARGET_AD
CE
3. RMAN Enhancements

' Data recovery advisor

' Parallel backup of same file
'
irtual catalogs
' Proactive health checks
' Flashback Logs to Rescue
' Also rman features a GU with full functionality
RMAN Enhancements



  

 

' A noticeable feature where rman provides the DBA with an automated script
incase a datafile is lost or any such error.
' E.g. n case of a missing datafile the script would look like this
' Repair script :
'  restore and recover datafile
sql µalter database datafile 4 offline¶;
restore datafile 4;
recover datafile 4;
sql µalter database datafile 4 online¶;
' This script can also be previewed before executing it using the command :
rman > repair failure preview
RMAN Enhancements


"
#



' racle introduced parallel backups in 10g , where you can define more than one
channel and each channel behaves as an rman session backing up the datafiles.But
the fact is each channel can backup only a single datafile at a time.
' n 11g RMAN, the channels can break the datafiles into chunks known as sections
and sections can be backed up by different channels. rman allows to define size of
each section.This can make backup of large datafiles faster.
RMAN Enhancements
"
#
$ |%
' n 11g rman does a clever thing and avoids backing up committed undo data, the
uncommitted undo data which is required for recovery will still be backed up.
RMAN Enhancements
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' racle 11g allows you to have a single catalog database and create a virtual catalog
for each target database. You can have as many as target databases but every thing
will have only one catalog database.
' The private catalog concept can defined as follows
' First you need to create a base catalog that contains all the target databases. The
owner is, say, ³RMAN´. From the target database, connect to the catalog database as
the base user and create the catalog. The owner or the base user of the catalog can
grant a create catalog privilege to any other database user who wants to register to
this catalog database. When you connect to the catalog database as the owner you
can view all the databases registered with this catalog database but when any other
user tries to list the databases registered with this catalog, he can only see himself
and no one else.
' racle 11g also offers Merging Catalogs.
4 Schema Management

' '
|
The RA-00054 : resource busy and acquire with N WAT specified or timeout
expired
The RA is generally observed during busy system time,oracle 11g does not throw a
error instead tries it for 10sec¶s until it is successful.
ALTER SYSTEM SET DDL_L CK_TME UT; can also be used to make this default
to all sessions
' ()


*
#
Consider a table is altered by adding a new column and in 10g a view derived from
this object will be invalid causing the objects like packages using this view to be
invalid.
n 11g racle takes care of changes like these and will not mark the view as invalid
thereby improving the availability of the application+
+ 
' racle offers a new view dba_users_with_defpwd which lists all the users having
default passwords.

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' racle offers case sensitive passwords and also allows you to revert back if you do
not like it using the parameter SEC_CASE_SENST
E_L G N. ne can set the
parameter to false to disable this
' When you upgrade an existing racle 10g database to 11g, you can migrate your
passwords to the new standard. You can check the status of the password by
querying the DBA_USERS view, especially the new column
PASSW RD_
ERS NS.
K+ á á
 
' SQL Access advisor in 11g improving schema design by partitioning, indexing, and
creating materialized views based on actual frequency and type of usage²not data.
' Apart from analyzing indexes, materialized views as it does in 10g, sql access advisor
in 11g also analyzes tables and queries to identify possible partitioning strategies
ã+ 



' racle introduces a new initialization parameter ³cursor_sharing´.
' f the parameter is set to force and if your code does not have bind variables and
instead you are passing values to the variables in your sql statements, oracle can
force all variables to be converted to bind variables. This might be helpful because it
does not require that the query is parsed every time it is run but at the same time this
execution plan might not be the most optimized one for all queries.
' Simply put , even if bind variables are good in most cases, they actually fail in cases
where the selectivity of the values affects the execution plans, because the optimizer
actually freezes the execution plan when you are using a bind variable.
 



á

  
' ere comes adaptive cursors
' nstead of blindly using the cached execution plan whenever the query is executed,
they actually decide if a plan has to be recalculated when the bind variable value
changes.
' The
SQL view is modified to add two more columns S_BND_SENST
E and
S_BND_AWARE.
' racle observes if the values have the potential to change plans and marks
S_BND_SENST
E as Y if the can.
' The column S_BND_AWARE is marked as Y where the plan is recalculated with
every change in the value
' racle also offers features like SQL Plan Baselining

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Similar to advisors in 10g , oracle 11g introduces automatic health monitor which checks
variouscomponents of the database to see that they are not corrupted.
The various ³Checkers´ include DB Structure ntegrity Check, Data Block ntegrity Checker, Redo
ntegrity Check, Undo Segment ntegrity Check,Transaction ntegrity Check, Dictionary ntegrity
Check.

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nce if any one of the above mentioned checkers find something, all the information
about the incident is placed in Automatic Diagnostic Repository.All the files in the
repository for a particular event can be forwarded to oracle support by using the new
packaging service in 11g ( Assuming CM is configured)
á
The new initialization parameter diagnostic_dest will point to the adr home which will
have all the trace files ,alert_log files and other log files.The *_dest parameters
parameter from previous oracle versions are ignored in 11g
n 11g the alert log will be available in xml format,an older version of the alertlog will
still be available in trace directory in the ADR home