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Mensuration: 3D Geometry

The document discusses different 3D shapes including rectangular solids, cubes, pyramids, and spheres. It provides the formulas to calculate the surface area and volume of each shape. For example, the surface area of a rectangular solid is 2(length × height + width × height + length × width) and the volume is length × width × height.

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caroline_amideast8101
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108 views13 pages

Mensuration: 3D Geometry

The document discusses different 3D shapes including rectangular solids, cubes, pyramids, and spheres. It provides the formulas to calculate the surface area and volume of each shape. For example, the surface area of a rectangular solid is 2(length × height + width × height + length × width) and the volume is length × width × height.

Uploaded by

caroline_amideast8101
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MENSURATION

3D GEOMETRY
RECTANGULAR SOLID

HEIGHT

WIDTH

LENGTH
SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME
The rectangular solid is made of 6 faces:

Front, back, left, right, top and bottom.

Each of these faces is a rectangle, and so the areas are:

Front=back=(length)(height)=l.h

Left=right=(width)(height)=w.h

Top=bottom=(length)(width)=l.w

Total surface area=2.l.h+2.w.h+2.l.w=2.(l.h+w.h+l.w)

Volume=(length)(width)(height)=l.w.h
Possible constructions
A
D
Remember:
1. Triangle FCD is a right
triangle at C.
E H
2. Triangle FGC is right
angled at G.
B C

F G
1.

C
Using the Pythagorean theorem:
Width=w
FC 2
 l 2 w 2

F G
Length=l
FC  l 2 w 2

2.
D Using the Pythagorean theorem:

 
2
Height=h FD 2
 l 2
w 2
 h2

FD 2  l 2  w 2
 h2
F C
l w
2 2
FD  l 2 w 2
 h2
CUBE
All the edges of the cube are
equal.

The cube has 6 equal faces.

a The area per face= a2


2
The total surface area= 6a
3
a Volume= a
a
Possible constructions
A D
Remember:
E 1. Triangle FCD is a right
H triangle at C.
2. Triangle FGC is right
angled at G.
B C

F G
1.

C
Using the Pythagorean theorem:
a
FC 2
 a2  a2
F G
a
FC  2a 2  a 2

2.
D Using the Pythagorean theorem:

 
2
a FD 2
 a a
2 2
 a2

FD 2  a 2  a 2  a 2
F a C
FD  3a 2  a 3
Right Pyramid
The pyramid has a base that is a
A square and the faces are equilateral
triangles.

Volume=(1/3)(area of base)(height)

B E

a
C D
a
Possible constructions
A AH is the height of the pyramid.
AF is the height in triangle relative to
DE.
HF is half BE.

B E
H F
C
D
A

a 2
AF  ( )  a 2
2

a 2
2
a
AF 2   a 2
4
2 2
a 3a
D E AF 2  a 2  
a/2 F a/2 4 4
3a 2 a 3
AF  
4 2
A

2
a 3
a  a 3 
2

2 AH     
2

2  2 
2 2
a 3a
H F AH 2  
a/2 4 4
2
2 a
AH 2 
4
a 2
AH 
2
Sphere Surface area= 4 r 2

4 3
Volume= r
3

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