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lab]lzg' k/]sf] sf/0f atfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . 2005' / World Statesman's Award 9f]sfx¿ v'nf b]lvPsf] 5 la:j s} pRr of] klg PsdxTjk"0f{xf] . xfdLn] b]vs ] f] 5g\ . of] kl/b\ion] dw]zdf /fhgLlts zlQmz'GotfnfO{{ a[l4 ul//x]sf] 5 .
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s'g} g s'g} axfgf agfO cfk"m cg'sn' dof{bf g]x¿sf] eGbf dfly p7]sf] 5 . cfsif{s x'g xfdLn] b'O{ l5d]sLsf] ;b'kof]u Aoaxf/df ptfof}{ eg] ;dfhnfO{ ;lhn} uf]Ot jf Hjfnf l;+x dfcf]jfbL kf6L{af6 cnu eP/ t/fO{df ;z:q cfGbf]ngsf] h'g
b]z ePg eGb} knfog x'g] xf] eg] csf{ To:tf zlSt;fnL k'?ifsf] cfh k|oTg ug{;Sg' k/]sf] 5 . ef/t s} Pp6f lgdf{0f kl/at{g ug{;S5f} ;dfhnfO{ cfa:os ;kgf / /f]df~r lyof], ;doqmdn] To;nfO{{ k'li6 ug{ ;s]g . dw]zssf ;z:q
Psfw bzs kl5 g]kfnsf] klg cl:tTj cfˆgf] gfddf k'Vof{n} L ;Dklt afx]s lsg]sf] ;km{sDd klg nfO{ x]/f} tTsfndf @ xhf/ kg{ gLlt lgodsf] law]os agfP/ ;d'xx¿n] ;z:q cfGbf]ngsf] cf}lrTonfO{{ l;4 ug]{ u/L gt dw]zsf d'2fnfO{{ ;}4flGts/0f
;dfKt x'g] vt/f b]lvG5 g]kfnLx¿ ef/t *)) ;L ;L sf] df?tL sf/ dfq 5 / ef? tna vfg] ;/sf/L h'lgo/ s]ld:6 ;/sf/nfO{ nfu' ug{;e' mfa lbg ;S5f} g} ug{ ;s] g t ;+ultk"0f{ 9+un] ;z:q ;+u7gsf] kmf}hL /0fgLlt / Jojxf/ g} ljsf;
nufot cGo d'ns ' df efu]sf 5f} ptf cem ckTofl/nf] t s] eg] pgL Tof] 8f= sf/;g efO k6]n n] ;g !(^( df d]rLb]lv dxfsfnL;Dd Pp6f kfl/jfl/s ug{ ;s] . of] cefj /fHosf] bdg jf ;'/Iff kl/rfngsf sf/0fn] dfq ePsf] x}g .
ef/t laxf/ / pQ/ k|bz ] nufot sf/sf] aflif{s gjLs/0f ug{ :jod Tof] gf]s/L 5f]8/] @) xhf/ ?lkofdf 3/ ;+hfndf afFlwPsf] Pp6} kl/jf/sf xfdL /fHo t oltv]/ Oltxf;df g} ;j{yf sdhf]/ / lgl/x 5 . dw]zdf lx+;f /fhgLltsf]
a+unfb]zL kfls:tfgL ckmuflg:tfgaf6 ;DalGwt sfof{no hfG5g pgsL >LdtL d} lgdf{0f ;km{ pTkfbg u/]/ 3/–3/df g] k fnLn] hfkflgh eGbf pRr cf}lrTo l;4 gx'gd' f d'Vo b'Oj{ 6f sf/0fx¿ 5g\, Ps –of] hgcg'df]lbt x'g g;Sg' /
efu]sf ck/fwLx¿n] ;+;bb]lv ;8s;Dd ef/tLo Oltxf; d} xfO{ k|f]kmfOn a]Rg] pWof]u cfh ax' /fli6«o sDklg l;n:jefa, ;xof]u, / ;befao"St b'O–{ lx+;f /fhgLltsf] ck/fwsL/0f x'bF } hfg' . dw]zdf x'g] lx+;f, xTof, ck/fw / rGbf
8]/f hdfO{ ;s]sf 5g\ pQ/ lt/sf] rfk /fhgLlt1 ls nf] k|fk] mfOn >LdtL eg]/ ePsf] 5 sl/a @) xhf/ sd{rf/L / gful/sx¿ a;]sf] pbfx/0fLo b]z cft+ssf] 7"nf] df/ dw]zL hgtfdfly g} kl//x]sf] 5 . olb o:tf lqmofnfkx¿sf]
klg sfd 5}g o:t} xf] eg] csf]{ @) pNn]v ePsL l5g =b]zsf] nflu o:tf] #) xhf/ s/f]8sf] ;Dklt af]s/] 7l8Psf] agfpg ;S5f} lsg ls xfd|f] b]z d} zflGt /fhgLlts1 cf}lrTo 5 eGg] nfu]sf] eP oL ;a} s'/fsf afah'b dw]zL hgtfn]
aif{df xfdL cflbaf;L g]kfnL cfˆg} b]zdf pbfx/0fLo g]tf xfdLn] hGdfpFgsf] nflu 5 . k|lta4tf, nug, Odfg eof] eg] l;n / bofsf b't eujfg uf}td a'4 lx+;fTds ;d"xx¿nfO{{ ;fy lbg] lyP xf]nfg\ . t/ kl/b[Zo clxn] 7Ls pN6f] x'bF 5} .
cNkdtdf kg{] b]lvG5 =t/fOaf6 kxfl8of g]kfn kms{g' k/]sf] 5 . xfd|f] Pg cf/ df6f] ;'g aG5 agfpg ;lsG5 . hn hlGdPsf x'g . pgsf] lzIffaf6 l;Sg dw]z /fhgLltsf] t];f| ] df]8 …;du| dw]z, Ps k|bz ] Ú sL dw]zdf …ax'kb| z
] Ú eGg] e';]
/ Toxfsf cflbaf;L g]kfnLx¿nfO{ nv]6g], Pg sf ;+:yfks cwIo 8f= pk]Gb| ljB't dfq xf]Og s[lif, kz'kfng kmnk"mn ;Sg' ;S5f} ;dfhdf Civic Sense …sf] cfuf] h:tf] ax; klg xf], h;n] dw]zL o'jfx¿sf] dgf]lj1fgnfO{{ gofF 9+un] k'g;+of]lht
n'6g] sfd e} /fv]sf] 5 ldNbf]hN' bf] 5fnf dxtf]nfO{ x]/f} pgL a]nf?; d} /dfPsf] pTkfbgsf] nflu g]kfndf k|r/' dfqfdf Aoaxfl/s ?kn] sfof{Gjog x'g g ;Sg' ul//x] em} nfU5 . dw]z cfGbf]ng / ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg tfsf …;du| dw]z, Ps
sf] -cg'xf/ _ kmfObf p7fP/ t/fOafl;sf] eP s;n] lrGYof] g]kfndf < en} pgL cj;/ 5g\ :d/0f /xf]; clxn] g]kfndf g} xfd|f] xHhf/f} ;d:ofsf] h8 ePsf] k|bz ] Ú gf/f h8k'hfsf] ljifo h:t} lyof] . o;sf] lj?4 af]Ng] t s] s'/f, ;fdfGo ax;
gfddf gSsnL g]kfnLx¿n] n'6kf6 a]nf?;sf Ps gDa/ wgf9o x'Gy] xf]nfg < jif]g{ L ef/taf6 dfq ;o c/a a/fa/sf] 5 . cfˆgf] clwsf/sf] nflu csf{sf] ug]{ tfst ;d]t sd}df lyof] . ;b\efjgf kf6L{sf ;ef;b\ clgns'df/ emfn] ;+ljwfg;ef
dRrfPsf 5g\ . xTof lx+;f anfTsf/ n'6 pgn] cfˆgf] dft[el" dk|ltsf] bfloTj ;Dem]/ df;'hGo j:t', vfBhGo kmnkm'n / ;AhL clwsf/ vf]:g x'Gg eGg] ;fdfGo ;f]rnfO{ /fHo k'g;+/rgf ;ldltdf ha dw]zdf ax'kb| z ] sf] ;+/rgf k]z u/], Tof] ax; dw]z
;fdfGo h:tf] ePsf] 5 . ;jf ;oeGbf cˆgf] tgdg wgnfO{ g]kfnsf] cfly{s dfq} cfoft e} /x]sf] 5 / 7'nf] wg /flz ;d]t xfdLn] Aoaxf/df ptfg{;s]sf 5}gf}F /fhgLltaf6} …kmd{nfO{h { Ú eof] . clxn] dw]zdf y'k} | To:tf dflg;x¿ e]l6G5g, hf]
a9L z;:q ck/fwL ;d'xx¿ sf]O g]kfnL ljsfz b]lv ;dfh ;]jf;Dd cu|0fL ljb]lzPsf] 5 . b]zdf Jofkf/ 3f6f a9bf] xfdL hf] ljb]zdf 5f} Civic sense eg]sf] …;du| dw]z, Ps k|bz ] Úsf] gf/fdf ;+3Lotf x}g, gofF k|sf/sf] PsfTdstf b]V5g\ .
xf]Ogg laxf/af6 nv]l6Psf ck/fwx¿ e"ldsfdf ;dlk{t u/]sf 5g\ =pgsf] 5= ha ls xfdLn] pTkfbg u/]/ ef/t, s]xf] < o;sf] dxTj slt 5 < s;/L sf7df8f}s + f] zlQmnfO{{ hgsk'/ jf jL/uGhdf efu nufpFbd} f srgfsng, 8fO{lgof,
x'g Pp6f g]kfnLn] csf{ g]kfnLnfO{ of] dft[el" d ;]jfsf] nflu g]kfn / g]kfnL rLg a+unfb]; d+uf]lnof;Dd lgof{t nfu' ug{;lsG5 < eGg] s'/f] l;s]sf 5f} . dr{jf/ / agaf;fsf hgtfnfO{{ Gofo x'g ;S5 eGg] ljZjf; dw]zL hgtfdf klg
xb;Dd lu/]/ n'6g\ ] dfg]{ ug{;Sb}g Tof] C0fL /xg] 5g\ lsg kTofpFbg} f} 8f= pk]Gb| ug{;Ifd 5f} . b'w / b'waf6 pTkfbg To;nfO{ Aoaxf/df ptfg{ ;/sf/ / x/fpFb} uO{/x]sf] 5 . h;/L kxf8L /fHo;Qfn] ca dw]zdf zf;g ug{ ;Sb}g,\ To;}u/L
xfd|f] ;+:s[lt g} xf]Og . t/fOafl; g]kfnLsf] dxtf]nfO{ < lsg k|fT] ;flxt x'Ggf} xfdL x'g] a:t'df g]kfn sf] xfjf kfgL gful/snfO{ clek|l] /t ug{' k5{ . b]z g dw]zL;Qfn] yf?, d'l:nd, sf]r,] d]r,] r'/e] fj/, lnDa'jfg h:tf efjgfx¿df dfly
xslxtsf] gfddf jf:tljs t/fOaf;L dxfjL/ k'g af6 < lsg hfu/ cfpFbg} :jLh/Nof08 h:t} /fd|f] 5 xfdL cGo aGg'df cf+lzs?kdf bf]if g]tfx¿sf] eP ;lhn} zf;g ug{ ;Sb}g eGg] cfTdcg'el' t dw]z /fhgLltdf anzfnL x'bF } uO{/x]sf]
g]kfnL lj:yflkt x'g' k/]sf] bb{gfs cj:yf /laGb| ld> aGg] < lab]zLPsfx¿ laz]if d'ns ' df lgof{t ug{;S5f} . xfd|f] b]zdf klg gful/s g} a9L lhDd]jf/ 5f} xfd|f] 5 . of] …l/onfO{h { z] gÚ kl5 dw]z /fhgLlt k'/fg} 9/f{df rln/xg ;Sb}g . o;n] gofF
5 . xfdL g]kfnLn] uDeL/ eP/ ;f]Rg' u/L hf] knfog x'g] jf ePsf 5g\ cd]l/sf, pAhg] cd'No h8La'6LnfO{ ;b'kof]u 9f]s] k|j[lt, clN5kg, cf8Da/ / df]8 lng vf]hs ] f] ;xh} cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 .
kg{] s'/f] s] eg] cfˆgf] b]zsf] tdfd a]nfot, c:6«l] nof o'/f]k cflb b]zdf ug{;s]sf 5}gf} of ;'gsf] d"No kg{n] fO OdfGbfl/tfsf] sld klg xf] =;dfh sf] dw]z /fhgLltnfO{{ ;a}eGbf a9L dgf]a1} flgs k|efj ul//x]sf] csf]{ tTj xf],
ljs[ltnfO{ x6fpg] s;n] / s;/L < pgLx¿sf] ;Lk, cg'ejnfO{ dfq b]zsf] v/fgLsf] b/df lab]zLnfO{ a'emfO /x]sf las[ltnfO{ x6fP/ ;';:+ s[lt / ;bJojxf/ k|fs[lts ;|ft] / ;fwgsf] cGtlg+e{ /tf / ;fdflhs cGt3'n{ gsf] cg'dlt, dw]z
lzlIft, ;DkGg, ;Eo gful/sn] b]z nflu ;b'kof]u eof] eg] g]kfnnfO{ ;flRrs} 5f} . la:j sf] b'O{ k|dv ' wd{sf] k|dv' b]vfpg] bfloTj xfd|f] xf] g]tfn] tf]8kmf]8 cfGbf]ngtfsf of] efjgf / a'emfO{ lgs} sdhf]/ lyof] . s] elgGYof] eg] dw]zdf
5f]8/] knfog x'g] jf ;:tf] cfo cfh{gsf] csf{ bz jif{df Pp6f pbfx/0fLo b]z tLy{:yn g]kfn d} 5, la8Dagf s] 5 u/ 6fo/ afn eG5g eg] o;f] ug{ ;a}yf]s 5, kxf8df s]xL klg 5}g, kxf8 lagf klg dw]z afFRg ;Sb}g . clxn] of]
gfddf sd{, d]lxgtL, OdfGbf/ o'jfx¿ agfpg ;lsG5 . b]z hgtfn] agfpg] eg] g]kfn sf] ko6{g Aoa;fo df %) cg'lrt xf] ub}g{ f} eGg' xfd|f] sfd xf] pu|tfnfO{{ k'gljrf/ ug{ s;}n] k|efljt ul//x]sf] 5 eg] k|fs[lts ;|ft] / ;fwgsf]
ljb]lzg] clg b]zdf clzlIft e|:6, xf] / agfpg' k5{ w]/} eof] xfdLn] …b]zn] eGbf a9L ef/tLo n] cf]u6]sf 5g\ tf/] xfdLn] em'Sg] / em'sfpg] k|jl[ tsf] cGt l:yltn] ul//x]sf] 5 . dw]zdf pe{/ hldg, hg;+Vof, ljsf; k"jf{wf/ / cy{tGqsf]
a]/f]huf/ / ck/fw k|jl[ tsf / cfofltt s] lbof] / lbG5Ú eGb} ljb]lzg] ;f]r xf]6n / 7'nf] 6«fen Ph]G;Lx¿df dflyNnf] u/f} . …dfglao d'No / dfGotfÚ sf] ult 5, t/ cfw'lgs /fHosf] eljiosf nflu olt s'/fx¿ dfq kof{Kt 5}gg\ .
gSsnL g]kfnL dfq afFls /xg] xf] eg] /fv]sf] ca To;f] xf]Og xfdLn] …b]znfO{ bhf{df &) ef/tLo 5g\, lgdf{0f dd{nfO{ Aoaxf/df ptfg{ cleofg rnfp, cy{tGqsf gofF ;+efjgfsf ¿kdf b]lvPsf hnljB' ko{6g, hl8a'6L, kmnkm"n v]tL,
slxn] aG5 t g]kfn < xfd|f] bfloTj s] s] lbg ;Sof} / s] lbg ;S5f}F <Ú egL Aoa;fodf dhb'/b]lv k|flalws;Dd k|Tos au{ / If]qsf gful/snfO{ cfˆgf] vlgh / vfgLx¿sf] dxTjnfO{{ dw]zL lj4t ju{ / lzlIft o'jfx¿n] /fd|/L ku]N{ g
t b]zk|lt < c?nfO{ bf]if y'kfb}d { f uDeL/ eP/ ;f]Rg' k/]sf] 5 =k|To]s l;dfkfl/sf g} 5g\ of] s;/L eof] < xfdL xslxtsf] nflu s;/L klt{:klw{ aGg] yfn]sf 5g\ . r'/] kxf8sf] jgljgfz dw]zdf tgfj / b'Mvsf] sf/0f aGg] u/]sf] 5 .
Oltxf;n] dfkm unf{ t xfdLnfO{ < ;+;f/sf] gful/sn] b]zk|ltsf] pQ/bfloTj axg cfˆg} b]zdf c:jfefljs cf8Da/ eGg] s'/f] sf] r]tgf hufpg' k5{, af:tjdf 9+u' f, lu6L, afn'jf, /f]8f / l;d]G6 agfpg] r'g9'ªu\ fsf] cfjZostf dw]znfO{{ sd
ljleGg s'gfdf k'us ] f 5f}F wd{;:+ s[lt, ug{ tTk/tf b]vfpg' k5{ gq t Oltxf;n] cN5Lkg af]ss ] f] sf/0f xf], c/a d'ns
' df xfdLn] 7'nf] cfsf+IffnfO{ OdfGbfl/tfsf] s;Ldf 5}g . k|fs[lts cGtlg{e/tf dfq x}g, ;fdflhs cGt3'n{ g dw]z /fhgLltsf]
efiff, snf, ;flxTo, k| h ftGq xfdLnfO{ euf}8f, x'ltxf/f / a]Odfg egL k'u/] kl;gf k'5g' kb}g{ cj;/ 5 g]kfndf /fv]/ clnslt v'DRofpFg ;Sof} cf8Da/ ;f]rnfO{{ k|efljt ug]{ csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ sf/s tTj xf] . y'k} | d'Vo dw]zL g]tfx¿ kxf8L
dfgjflwsf/sf] jsfnt u5f}{ t/ To;n] lrGg] 5 . b]z / kl/jf/af6 la5f]l8P/ ;b'kof]u ug{ cu|;/ x'g' k¥of] . plrt Tofu]/ cˆgf] x}l;otnfO{ OdfGbf/L k'a{ ;dfh;Fu s'g} g s'g} gftf / ;fOgf]df ufFl;Psf 5g\ . g]kfn /fHosf] zlQm
b]znfO{ s]xL kmfObf k'us ] f] 5}g ljb]zdf lx8g' eg]sf] hLjgsf] 7'nf] cle;fk g} xf] Joj:yfkg ug{;Sof} eg] clxn] ljb]zaf6 ;dfhdf lehfpg ;Sof} / cfˆgf] l5d]sL ;+/rgfnfO{{ kxf8L hgdtsf] ;dy{g / e/y]u 5 eGg] a'emfO{ klg dw]z /fhgLltn]
klg g]kfnLsf] 3]/f tf]8/] cGt/f{li6«o s/0f hf] ;a}n] Joxf]/s
] f] kL8f xf] . ToxL bb{gfs hfg] /]ld6\ofG; eGbf w]/} u'0ff Hofbf ;fyL efO jf cfk"m eGbf b'vL lkl8tsf] abNb} nu]sf] 5 . cfw'lgs, nf]stflGqs, ;Eo / pGgt elgPsf] cd]l/sfdf g} klg
ug{;s]sf 5}gf} hxfF k'u] klg Go"gcNk dfgjLo kL8fnfO{ dx;'; u/]/ ;o'St lab]zL d'bf| cfh{g ug{;S5f} cfˆg} 3/ b'vdf ;xefuL u/fpg ;Sof} eg] xfdL klg An}s KofGy/ cfGbf]ng ePsf] sl/a %) jif{kl5 dfq sfnf af/fs cf]afdf /fi6«klt
;+Vosdf ;d]t ulgPsf xfdL g]kfnLn] /fi6«;3+ dfgjflwsf/ ;ldltsf] h]ge] f kl/jf/ clg b]zdf a;]/ g]kfnsf] cfˆg} b]zdf v';Ll;t /dfP/ a:g ;S5f} . r'lgg ;s] . t/ g]kfndf dw]z cfGbf]ng ePsf] kfFr jif{ glaTb} dw]zL ;d'bfosf
b]zk|lt g} nufj a9fpg' uj{ ug{nfos ;Dd]ngn] sf/0f a; csf{ b]zdf z/0ffyL{ hnljB't c/a sf] t]n / ;'geGbf ;}of} lxF;f xf]Og k|d] , ljjfb xf]Og ;xdlt, ca/f]w /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«klt aGg ;s] . af/fs cem} klg k"0f{ sfnf x}gg\ . sfnf afa' /
b]lvG5 . Ps l5g ;f]rf} Û t slt xfd|f aGg' kg]{ cj:yfdf kl/jf/ ;d]tnfO{ u'0ff dxTj / cfly{s ;|ft] xf] To;sf] xf]Og ;xof]u ug{ k5{ b]z agfpg / zflGt uf]/L cfdfsf ;Gtfg xf] . of] t'ngf klg dw]zL hgdtn] ul//x]sf] b]lvG5 . o:tf
cfdf a'af 5f]/f, gflt gfltgfsf] d'v x]g{ ] k'gld{ng u/fpg' kg]{ gLlt /fv]sf] xf] klg ca ;d'lrt pTkfbg ug{ ;do sfod /fVg eGg] s'/f] lab]lzPsf nfvf} y'k} | j}rfl/s tyf dgf]j1} flgs s8Lleq dw]zL /fhgLlt clxn] Pp6f 7"nf] df}gtf,
/x/ af]sL lkF9Ldf s'//] a;]sf 5g\ < =ljb]lzPsf xfdLx¿ sf] nflu s] ju{ / cfPsf] 5 ;'? x'G5 ca nfvfF} nfv g]kfnL a'emL ;s]sf 5g\ . bf];f| ] bhf{sf] gful/s :tAwtf / cfTdfg'el" tsf] cj:yfdf 5 . eGg ;lsGg of] cfTdfg'el" tkl5 o;n]
ltgsf lknlknfpbf] cg' x f/af6 s] okm ;L xfd|f] b}lgsL aGg ;Sof] < /f]huf/Lsf] ahf/ g]kfn d} 5 lsg ag]/ JolStut dgf]sf+Iffsf] nflu ljb]zdf s:tf] sf]N6] km]b5{ . dw]zL o'jfx¿nfO{{ ;a} k|sf/sf lxgtfefifx¿af6 dfly p7fpg'
tklsPsf cfFzn' ] xfdLnfO{ kf]Nb}g < slt u'Gb|s
' , cfn' tfdfsf] ;Demgf cfpb}g < ef}tfl/g] ljb]zdf dfgl;s tgfj af]s/] < knfog gxf} cfˆgf] b]z cfkm} agfp nf} / l;Ëf] /fi6«sf] g]tT[ j ug{ ;Sg] cfTdljZjf;af6 cf]tk|ft] ug'{ ;fob oltv]/ ;a}sf]
>LdtL, >Ldfg gfjfns aRrf s] xfd|f] vf]nf gfnf, lxdfn, kxf8, rkf{ ;fd'lxs efjgfsf] ljsf; u/f} ;fd'lxs g]kfnL ca b]z kmsf}{ . bfloTj xf] . – dw]z bk0f{af6
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g]kfnL ;dfh / dlxnf d'lSt
g]kfnL ;dfhdf dlxnfnfO{{ 3/–
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Hofg arfpg] df]afOn
Jojxf/sf ;xof]uLsf ¿kdf dfq x]l/G5, lyof] . nf]stGqsf] hggL dflgg] tkfO{x+ ?n] cg]sf] df]afO{nsf] k|of]u ug]{ ePsf] xf]nf, clg s}og df]afO{nx?sf
g ls a/fa/ lx:;]bf/L . r'nf], rf}sf], /]vflrq agfpg ;s]sf 5g . To;sf/0f kf6L{sf] s]lGb|o d'2fsf] ¿kdf :yflkt :jLh/Nof08df ;d]t ;g\ !(&! ;Dd af/] ;'Gg' ePs} xf]nf, t/ xfdLn] Pp6f o:tf] df]afO{n af/] hfgsf/L lbFb5 } f}F
3fF;, bfp/f, kfgL kw]/f] / 3/leqsf dlxnf d'lStsf] sf]0faf6 x]bf{ casf] u/fpg] / ;f]xL cg'¿k lqmofzLn u/fpg dlxnfnfO{{ dt xfNg] clwsf/ lyPg . h;n] tkfO{x+ ?sf] :jf:ysf] nflu /fd|f] ub{5 . o:tf] df]afO{ndf ldgL
lgoldt sfd pgLx¿sf] bfloTj aGb} /fhgLlts bnn] dlxnf d'lStsf h?/L 5 . cfwf/e"t ¿kdf dlxnf ;+u7g lgdf{0f / g]t[Tjdf kx'Fr …On]S6«fs
] fl8{of]uf| dÚ h8fg u/]sf] x'G5 . o;df tkfO{sf] cf}n F f kgf{;fy o;n]
cfPsf] 5 . pgLx¿nfO{{ k'?ifsf] sfo{qmd agfpg' k5{ jf dlxnf d'lStsf] d'lStnfO{{ ;dfhsf cGo kf6fkIfsf] gx'bf;Dd cfˆgf of]hgf /fhg}lts tkfO{sf] d'6s ' f] w8\sgnfO{{ hfFr/] rf}aL; 306f rNg] d]l8sn sfn ;]G6/nfO{{
;xof]uLsf ¿kdf t sltko cj:yfdf bnut b[li6sf]0f lgdf{0f ug{k' 5{ eg] ¿kfGt/0f jf hgtfsf] d'lStsf] d'2f;Fu bndf k|efjsf/L ¿kdf :yflkt k7fpg] ub{5 . o:tf] crDdsf] df]afOn kmf]g l;Ëfk'/sf] s+ klg O{kLcfO{
bf;sf ¿kdf ;d]t Jojxf/ ul/G5 . dlxnf cfGbf]ngn] klg dlxnf d'lStsf ghf] 8 L s] a n dlxnf d' l Stsf] ug{;lsb}g eGg] dfGotfs} cfwf/df nfO{kmn] tof/ u/]sf] 5 . O{kLcfO{ s+ klgsf k|dv ' 8f= rfp cf] lhgn] xfn}
dlxnf ;Qf / ;|ft] sf] k'hs agfOG5g, /] v flrq k| : t' t u/L /fhg} l ts b[li6sf]0faf6 dfq} dlxnf d'lStsf] ePsf dlxnf ;+3if{] tL clwsf/ :yflkt afl;{nf]gfdf cfof]lht laZj df]afOn sfFu; ]| df eg], …xfd|f] ljrf/df of] Pp6f
dflns xf]Og . kl/jf/ ;~rfngsf] bnx¿nfO{{ cfˆgf Ph]08fdf lqmofzLn cfGbf]ng lgisif{df k'¥ofpg sl7g x'G5 . ePsf x'g . To;sf/0f /fhg}lts qmflGt xf] x} . o;sf] d]l8sn dxTj 5 . rfpsf cg';f/ o; df]afOnsf] k|of]u
lgoldt k|lqmofdf klg pgLx¿sf] g t u/fpg bafa l;h{ g f ug' { k 5{ . dlxnfsf] d'2f ;fdGtjfbL /fhg}lts ;+u7gsf] lgdf{0f / g]t[Tj lng b'lgofFsf] s'g} klg :yfgdf x'G5 . o;af6 tkfO{sf] O;LhL u/L o;af6 hfg]
lgoGq0f /xG5 g t clGtd lg0f{osf] sfn{dfS;{n] eg]sf 5g, …;fdflhs k|0ffnL, ;fdGtL pTkfbg ;DaGw / dlxnfx¿nfO{{ cu|;/ u/fOg' k5{ . hfgsf/Laf6 hjfkm;d]t k|fKt x'G5 . tkfO{sf] kN; ;fdfGo eP ;fdfGo
clwsf/ g} . ;fdfGo lgDg ls;fg ;'wf/x¿ ;an dflg;x¿sf] sdhf]/Lsf ;fdGtL ;+:s[lt;Fu cleGg ¿kn] h;sf nflu xfdLn] ;dfhjfbLs/0f xFb' } hjfkm kfOg' x'G5 t/ olb tkfO{sf] w8\sg c;fdfGo eP …;/ PDa'nG] ;
kl/jf/b]lv pRr juL{o kl/jf/df o; cfwf/df geP/ ;b} j sdhf] / ufFl;Psf] 5 . of] ;DaGw d"nt u/]sf Nofl6g cd]l/sL / blIf0f tkfO{;+ Dd k'Ug]jfnf 5 eg]/ va/ lbG5 .Ú o; kmf]gsf] d"No &)) cd]l/sL
lsl;dsf] k|efj plQs} /x]sf] b]lvG5 . dflg;x¿sf] ;kmntfsf] cfwf/df /fhg}lts d'2f;Fu ufFl;Psf] ;jfn xf] . cd] l /sL /fi6« x ¿sf] pbfx0faf6 8n/ cyf{t s/La %),))) ?k}of kb{5 . s+ klgn] O{kLcfO{ nfO{kmn] pTkfbg
cyf{t k}lqs ;DklQdflysf] clwsf/, ul/G5 .Ú dfS;{sf] of] egfOn] /fhgLlt o;y{ ;fdflhs nf]stGq :yfkgf ug{ / l;Sg'k5{ . Nofl6g cd]l/sL b]zx¿df u/]sf] o; df]afO{ d'6' /f]uLx?sf nflu a/bfg ag]sf] 5 .
kfl/jfl/s Jojxf/df lg0f{osf] clwsf/
;d]t pgLx¿df lgxLt /x]sf] b]lvFbg}
eg] :jMlg0f{o jf cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/
sdhf]/x¿nfO{{ ;an agfpgsf nflu
x'gk' 5{ / ul/g'k5{ eGg]df hf]8 lbG5 .
g]kfndf zlSt / ;|ft] dflysf] kx'r F nfO{{
;fdGtL ;+/rgfsf] cGTo;Fu dlxnf d'lStsf]
;jfn ufFl;Psf] 5 . ;fdGtL ;+/rgfsf]
cGTo lgtfGt /fhg}lts ljrf/;Fu
kFrhgf cGo dlxnfx¿ /fi6«klt
eO;s] s f lyP . lgs/fu' j fdf
efOcf]n6] f rdf]/f], d:sf]df kfgfdfdf
km];a'saf6 a]Zofj[lQ
km];a'sdf rnlrqsf gfos–gflosf, df]8n, g]tfx? dfq geO{sn un{x?n]
t pgLx¿n] pkef]u ug{;Sg] cj:yf ;"rs dfGg] xf] eg] hflto cfwf/df ufFl;Psf]n] /fhg}lts ¿kdf g} dlxnf ld/]ef, krnLdf ldr]Nn] ar]n]6, ;d]t vftf vf]Ng yfn]sf 5g\ . logLx?n] ljZjJofkL ?kdf ;aeGbf k|l;4
g} /x]g . h;sf/0f ;fdflhs cu'jfO blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L / d'lStsf d'2f p7fOg' k5{ / /fhg}lts ch]l{ G6gfdf lqml:6gf kmgf{G8]hn] o;cl3 ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] ?kdf /x]sf] km];a'sdfkm{t\ u|fxs vf]Hg yfn]sf 5g\ . xfn}
ug{, /fhg}lts jf ;f+u7lgs k|lqmofdf k5fl8 kfl/Psf ef}uf]lns If]q sdhf]/ bnx¿af6} o;sf] xn vf]lhg' k5{ . g} /fHosf] sfo{sf/L k|dv ' sf] e"ldsf o; s'/fsf] v'nf;f km];a'ssf nflu ul/Psf] Ps ;j]I{ f0fdfkm{t\ hfgsf/Ldf
;fd]n x'g] jf g]t[Tj ug{ sfddf ;d"xsf ¿kdf /x]sf 5g eg] n}l+ Ës g]kfnsf x/]s ;+/rgfdf ;fdGtjfb lgjf{x ul/;s]sf 5g . pgLx¿nfO{{ ;f]em} cfPsf] 5 . w]/h
} ;f] snun{x?n] km];a'sdfkm{t\ xfO{ ;f];fO6L u|fxsx?nfO{{ km;fpgsf
pgLx¿nfO{{ ;xefuL g} u/fO{b+ g} . of] ¿kdf x]bf{ of] ;d"x jf ;d'bfosf ulx/f];u uFlhPsf] 5 . /fhgLlts bn sfo{sf/L e"ldsfdf k'us ] f eg] kSs} nflu o:tf] vftfsf] k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . logLx?n] o; sfo{sf nflu pQ]lht
g]kfnL dlxnfdflysf] P]ltxfl;s lje]bsf] dlxnfx¿ c?eGbf a9L al~rt 5g . klg ;fdflhs ;+/rgfs} pkh ePsf xf]Ogg . ev{} cS6f]a/df a|flhndf kmf]6f]x?;d]t km];a'sdf /fVg] u/]sf 5g\ . o; cnfjf logLx?n] k|of]u ug{] efiff
rqm g} xf] . oBlk kl5Nnf s]xL bzsdf dflysf] dfS;{sf] egfOnfO{{ olb cfTd;fy sf/0f sltko /fhgLlts bndf klg klxnf] k6s dlxnf /fi6«klt lgjf{lrt tyf zAbx?n] logLx?sf] klxrfg ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] u/]sf] tYo km]nf k/]sf] 5 .
g]kfnL dlxnfdfly xFb' } cfPsf o; ug{ xf] eg] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt d"n ¿kdf ;fdGtL kl/kf6L x'g' gf}nf] s'/f xf]Og . ePsL l5g . ljZjsf] ;f]xf| } 7"nf] cy{tGq o:tf snun{x?n] km];a'ssf] dfWodaf6 ;lhnf];uF u|fxs kfpg] u/]sf] tyf
lsl;dsf] Joaxf/df s]xL kl/jt{g dlxnf ;zlSts/0fdf s]lGb|t x'gk' 5{ o;sf/0f dlxnf cfGbf]ngn] ;+/rgfut ePsf] d'ns ' a|flhnsf] jfdkGyL js{ o:tf u|fxsx?;Fu lxF8g\ ] ubf{ pgLx? ;dfltg] 8/ sd x'g] b]lvof] . o;af6
cfPsf] 5 . :yfgLo lgsfodf dlxnfsf] cyf{t pgLx¿sf] /fhgLltsf] s]Gb| ¿kdf k'?ifk|wfg ;dfhsf sf/0f l;lh{t kf6L{sL l8df{ /f]p;]km /fi6«klt lgjf{lrt pgLx?n] bnfnsf] e/ kg{g] kg]{ eO{ /sd ;d]t arfpg] u/]sf] 5 .
clgjfo{ k|ltlglwTj u/fOg' kg{] sfg'gL dlxnf d'lSt x'gk' 5{ . ;fdGtjfbL ;+/rgfsf] cGTosf nflu eOg . !& jif{sf] pd]/b]lv g} a|flhnsf]
Joj:yf, dlxnf clwsf/sf nflu p7]sf
cfGbf]ng / /fhg}lts ¿kdf dlxnf
b'an{ fO{{ ;an gagfOsg pgLx¿n]
;xL cy{df ;dfhsf] ljsf;n] ult lng
ng' k g{ h?/L Psflt/ 5 eg]
dlxnfaLrdf g} /x]sf] hftLo, juL{o /
;}Go …s"Ú lj?4 lg/Gt/ nUb} cfPsL
/f]p;]km ;xl/of u'l/Nnf ;d"xdf /x]/
;/sf/n] hf]8L vf]lhlbg]
d'lStsf nflu ;f+ul7gs cEof;sf] ;Sb}g . To:t} lrgLofF ;f+:s[lts ;f+:s[lts lje]bsf] lg/Gt/tfsf sf/0f n8fO{ n8]sL lyOg . pgnfO{{ Toxfsf] tkfO{ Psn x'gx' G' 5 < x'gx' G' 5, eg] l;Ëfk'/ hfg'xf];,\ ToxfF tkfO{n+ ] ljjfxsf]
k|lqmofsf] yfngLn] la:tf/} of] ¿kfGt/0f qmflGtsf gfos dfcf]T;]tª' n] Toxfsf] plAhPsf] ;d:ofsf] klg b[9 ;Daf]wg ;}Go ;/sf/n] ;g !(&) df kqmfp cj;/ kfpg ;Sg'xG' 5 . Tof] klg l;Ëfk'/ ;/sf/sf] d]hdfgLdf . l;Ëfk'/df
b] l vg yfn] s f] xf] . ljz] i fu/L ;f+:s[lts ¿kfGt/0fsf qmddf eg]sf ug{ h?/L 5 . dlxnfleq} /x]sf] juL{o, u/L b'O{ jif{;Dd s7f]/ oftgf lbPsf] hGdb/ 36\b} uPkl5 j[l4sf nflu ;/sf/n] gofF of]hgf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf]
Psbzs;Dd ;~rfng ePsf] ;z:q 5g, …cu| u fdL x' g ' s f] cy{ hftLo jf ;f+:s[lts lje]b k'?ifk|wfg lyof] . t/ pgn] /fhgLlts 5 . l;Ëfk'/sf] ;/sf/L klqsf :6«6] 6fOD;sf cg';f/ Psn k'?if / dlxnfsf
hgo'4n] dlxnf g]tT[ jsf] lgdf{0f / lk5l8Psfx¿sf sfd ug{ xf] .Ú g]kfn ;dfh4f/f l;lh{t afXo ;d:ofeGbf lg/Gt/tfnfO{{ cem ;zSt kfl/g h;n] nflu ;/sf/n] hf]8L vf]lhlbg nfu]sf] xf] . l;Ëfk'/df w]/h } gf Psn a:g
dlxnf d'lStsf] ljifosf] Jofkstf tLa| olta]nf ;fdflhs–;f+:s[lts, cfly{s, sd dxTjsf] b]lvFbg} . dlxnf cfGbf]ngn] pgnfO{{ ;Qfsf] d'Vo afu8f]/ ;DxfNg] yfn]sf 5g\, hf] ljjflxt 5g\, pgLx¿n] klg aRrf kfpg sd u/]sf 5g\,
¿kdf ljsf; ePsf] b]lvG5 . o:tf /fhg}lts ¿kfGt/0fsf] r/0fdf 5 . cfˆgf] d'2fnfO{{ /fhg}lts d'2fsf ¿kdf x}l;ot k|bfg u¥of] . g]kfnh:tf] l;Ëfk'/sf ;dfh ljsf;, o'jf tyf v]ns'b dGqL lejfg afnfs[i0fn] atfP .
cfGbf]ngx¿df klg d"ntM lgDg dWod cyf{t lg/+sz ' /fhtGqsf] cGTokl5 :yflkt ug{;du| dlxnfnfO{{ Ps} 7fpFdf ax'hftLo / ax';f+:s[lts d'ns ' df dGqL afnfs[i0fn] o; ljifodf ;+;b\sf] cfufdL ;qdf 5nkmn x'g] hfgsf/L;d]t
/ dWod ju{sf] dlxnfx¿sf] s]xL cu|ufdL ¿kfGt/0ftkm{ g]kfnsf] ;+ul7t ug{h?/L 5 eg] /fhg}lts dlxnf d'lStsf nflu s'/f dlxnfleq lbP . l;Ëfk'/sf k'?if tyf dlxnf;Fu ljjfx ug]{ ljb]zL gful/snfO{{
afx'Notf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . t/, ;j{xf/f /fhgLlt pGd'v 5 . ;+3Lo u0ftGq bnx¿dfkm{t\ cfˆgf d'2fx¿nfO{{ klg k5fl8 kfl/Psf hflt, ju{ jf gful/stfnufotsf ;'ljwf lbg] ljifo klg o;df kg{;Sg] atfOPsf] 5 . t/
ju{ s'lng] ju{sf dlxnfx¿df g]kfnL To;sf] dxTjk"0f{ /fhg}lts pknAwL ha/h:t /fhg}lts bnsf s]lGb|o ;d'bfosf] ;zlSts/0f jf g]t[Tj dGqL afnfs[i0fn] eg] of]hgfsf] k"0f{ ljj/0f eg] lbPg . …xfdLnfO{{ yfxf 5,
;dfhsf] ¿kfGt/0f / dlxnfdfly x'g] xf] . t/, ;dfhdf k5fl8 kfl/Psf ju{ Ph]08f agfpg' k5{ . /fhg}lts ¿kdf lgdf{0f;+u} ufFl;Psf] x'G5 . s'g} lglZrt l;Ëfk'/sf Psn k'?if tyf dlxnf ljjfx ug{ rfxG5g\, pgLx¿nfO{{ ;xL ;fyL
lje]b cGTosf lbzfdf ul/g' kg{ ;d'bfo / lnËsf] ;Qf, zlSt / ;|ft] dfly lglZrt JolStx¿n] ljrf/ lgdf{0f ug{ hflt, ju{ jf ;d'bfosf dfq} dlxnfsf] 5gf]6sf nflu ;xof]usf] h?/t 5, Tof];uF } pgLx¿nfO{{ c? s] cfjZos 5
;+3if{cem}+ Jofks ¿kdf :yflkt kx' F r :yflkt gul/sg /fHosf] / sdhf]/ ju{ jf ;d'bfodfkm{t\ g]tT[ j /fhg}lts bn, ;Qf jf ;+u7gdf Tof] ;xof]u klg lbg h?/L 5, h;n] pgLx¿nfO{{ kl/jf/ ;'? ug{ ;xof]u
eO;s]sf] b]lvb}g . tyflk g]kfnsf ;a} ¿kfGt/0f ;Dej 5}g . cfj/0fdf x'g] sfof{Gjog dfq} u/fpg] kl/kf6L nueu /xg] xf] eg] To;n] ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ldnf];Ú\ , dGqL afnfs[i0fn] eg] . l;Ëfk'/sf] hGdb/ clxn] 36]/ lgSs} tn
dlxnf cfk"mdfly eO/x]sf] cWofo, lje]b kl/jt{g jf zflAbs ¿kfGt/0f cu|ufdL ;a} /fhgLlts bndf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ax';f+:s[lts l:kl/8nfO{{ kqmg ;Sb}g em/]sf] 5 . of] hgj/Ldf ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] utjif{sf] tYof+scg';f/ l;Ëfk'/df
/ ;d:ofaf/] eg] ;r]t eO;s]sf 5g . ¿kfGt/0f x'g ;Sb}g . dlxnfsf] sf]0faf6 /fhg}lts ljrf/ lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf eg] dlxnf cfGbf]ngn] cfˆgf] d'2fnfO{{ hGdb/ ! bzdnj !^ k|ltzt dfq 5 . ljjflxt hf]8Lsf] cf};t b'O{ aRrf
g]kfnL ;f+:s[ltsf] lg/Gt/nfO{{ x]bf{ x]bf{ x/]s dlxnfsf] cfTdlg0f{osf] pgLx¿sf] ;xefuLtf cGToGt} sdhf]/ prfOdf k'¥ofpg ;Sb}g . To;sf/0f 5g\, of] eg] :j:y g} 5, dGqL afnfs[i0fn] k|i6 kf/] . of] jif{ ah]6 ljlgof]hg
…/fhgLltÚ dlxnfsf] sfd xf]Og eGg] clwsf/ :yflkt ug{, ;Qf, ;|ft] / /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;a} /fhgLlts bnsf] g]t[Tjdf ljljwtf g]kfnL dlxnf ubf{ klg ;/sf/n] aRrfsf] hGdb/ j[l4sf nflu /fd|} nufgL u/]sf] 5 .
dfGotf clxn] /fhgLlt dlxnfsf nflu ;fwgdfly kx'r :yflkt x'g] sfo{qmd /0fgLlt, sfo{gLlt, gLlt jf sfo{qmd cfGbf]ngsf] cs{ dxTjk"0f{ kf6f] xf] . l;Ëfk'/ ;/sf/n] hg;+Vof j[l4sf nflu ;g\ @))* df Kofs]hsf] 3f]if0ff
klg xf] / dlxnfn] klg ug{k' 5{ eGg] nfu" x'g' / To;af6 pknAwL k|fKt x'bf lgdf{0f ug{ qmddf dlxnfnfO{{ lg0ff{os o; lsl;dsf] ljljwtf lgdf{0fsf nflu u/]sf] lyof] . ljZj ljQLo ;+s6n] hGdb/df c;/ k/]sf] x'g ;Sg] cg'dfg
dfGotf :yflkt eO;s]sf] 5 . /, dfq} cu|ufdL ¿kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmof ;'? ¿kdf k|:t't ug{h?/L 5 jf ljrf/ dlxnf cfGbf]ngdf /x]sf lje]b / l;Ëfk'/ ;/sf/n] u/]sf] 5 . k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf Psn dlxnfsf] ;+Vof l;Ëfk'/df
dlxnfx¿ klg /fhg}lts ¿kdf ;lqmo x'G5 . To;sf/0f dlxnf cfGbf]ngn] lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf pgLx¿sf] cu'jfO ;f+:s[lts cGt/lj/f]wnfO{{ ;xL ¿kdf XjfQ} a9]sf] 5 . kl5Nnf] tYof+scg';f/ @% b]lv @( jif{df ;f9] $% k|ltzt
x'bF 5} g eg] dlxnfsf d'2f klg /fhg}lts cu|ufdL ¿kfGt/0f / dlxnf d'lStsf] /fhg}lts bnx¿df :yflkt x'gk' 5{ . xn ug{h?/L x'G5 . To; lbzflt/ klg dlxnfx¿ dfq} clxn] ljjfx aGwgdf afFlwg] u/]sf 5g\ . ;g\ @))) sf]
d'2fsf ¿kdf :yflkt eO;s]sf] 5 . Ph] 0 8f :yflkt ug{ , /fhg} l ts csf{ s'/f /fhgLltsf] cfwf/ ;+u7g dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] Wofg hfg h?/L tYof+scg';f/ of] ^@ k|ltzt lyof] . l;Ëfk'/ ;/sf/n] o:t} ;fdflhs dfldnfdf
t/, ;f]xL cg'¿k /fhg}lts sfo{qmd sfo{qmdsf] ¿kdf To;nfO{{ cufl8 ;fg{ xf] . lg/Gt/ ;+3if{ / ;+u7gsf] g]tT[ jsf] 5 . :jL8]g, gj{ ,8]gdfs{/ lkmgNof08df ;xof]u ug{ ;g\ !(*$ df ;fdflhs ljsf; o'lg6 v8f u/]sf] lyof] . of]
g t /fhgLlts bnx¿n] Jofks ¿kdf / /fHonfO{{ tL sfo{qmd nfu" ug{afWo lhDd]jf/L ;DxfNg] lxDdt pgLx¿df klg dlxnfnfO{ Go"gtd #) k|ltzt o'lg6n] ;'?df :gfts tx pQL0f{ Psn dlxnfsf] ljjfxsf nflu k|fT] ;fxg
Nofpg ;s]sf 5g g t dlxnfx¿n] g} kfg{h?/L b]lvG5 eg] /fhg}lts :yflkt u/fOg'k5{ . dlxnfx¿nfO{{ ;+;bdf l;6 ;'/lIft /xg] Joj:yf 5 ub{Yof] . To;kl5 :gfts pQL0f{ gePsf dlxnfnfO{{ ljjfx aGwgdf afFWg
;fd"lxs ¿kdf ;du| dlxnf d'lStsf] bnx¿df klg dlxnf d'2f /fhg}lts /fhgLlts ;dfj]zLs/0f ug{ k|yd eg] l5d]sL d'n's ef/tdf klg ;fdflhs ljsf; ;]jf v8f u/]sf] lyof] . ;g\ @))( df ;fdflhs ljsf;
;]/d] f]lgon /fi6«klt k|tLef kfl6n ;~hfn v8f u/]sf] lyof] .

ul/aL, cGofo, cTofrf/, e|i6frf/, clzIff, dlxnf g} l5g . of] /fhg}lts cfGbf]ngn]
:yflkt u/]sf dlxnf clwsf/sf] k|of]u
(^ jif{sL j[4f of}gwGbfdf
xf] . t/, h'g cg'kftdf Ps JolSt4f/f ;]S; rfxgf k|fs[lts xf] . t/ o;f] eGb}df s;}n] df]6f] /sd lt/]/ j[4;Fu
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bf]>f] ljZj o'4 ;dfKt ePb]lv Joj;flos of}gwGbf yfn]sL oL j[4fn] xfn;Dd
ju{sf aLrsf] k|ltåGåLtf x6g]5 #% ;o k'?if;Fu ;xjf; ul/;s]sf] bfaL u/]sL 5g\ . ldnL s'k/ gfdsL Ps
To;}u/L Ps hfltsf] csf{ hflt lj?4sf] j[4n] cem} klg cfˆgf] u|fxsnfO{{ ;]S; ;]jf lbFb} cfPsf] / o;af6 jflif{s %)
zq'tf klg cGTo x'g5 ] eGg] s'/f xhf/ :6ln{ª sdfpg] u/]sf] bfaL ul/g\ . clxn] b'O{ u|fxsnfO{{ ;]S; ;]jf lbFb}
sDo'lgi6 3f]if0ffkqdfkm{t\ dfS;{–PË]N;n] cfPsL j[4n] pgLx¿af6 Ps k6sdf ;o ;o :6ln{ª kfp08 lng] u/]sf]
eg]sf 5g . o;sf] dtna s'g atfOg\ . pgL;Fu ;DaGwsf nflu cfpg] k'?ifx¿ @( jif{bl] v (@ jif{;Ddsf
/fhg}lts ljrf/n] dlxnfsf] d'lSt 5g\ . @& jif{ pd]/df Ps cd]l/sL;Fu laafx u/L oL j[4f n08gaf6 cd]l/sfsf]
ug{;Dej 5 eGg] s'/fdf klg dlxnf n; e]uf;df cfPsL lyOg\ . pgsf >Ldfg\sf] n;e]uf; d} ;g\ !($% df d[To'
cfGbf]ngsf] Wofg hfg h?/L 5 . dlxnf ePsf] lyof] . To;a]nf sfvdf ;fgL 5f]/L /x]sf] / xftd'v hf]8g\ pgnfO{{ 7"nf]
d'lSt /fhg}lts, ;f+:s[lts, cfly{s ;d:of ePsf] lyof] . kmnt pgn] ;'?df n;e]uf;sf /]i6'/G] 6x¿df …zf] un{sf]
¿kdf cfd"n kl/jt{g ug{ / lgtfGt sfd ug{k' /]sf] lyof] . zf] un{af6 /fd|f] cfDbfgL gePkl5 oL j[4fn] of}gwGbf ;'?
¿kfGt/0f;Fu ufFl;Psf] Ph]08f xf] . u/]sL lyOg\ . of}gwGbf ;'? u/]kl5 pgnfO{{ b}lgs u'hf/f ug{ d2t ldn]sf]
To;sf/0f oyfl:yltjfbL jf lyof] . bf]>f] ljjfxkZrft s]xL o'jtLsf] ;d"x agfO{ pgn] of}g Joj;fonfO{{
;+zf]wgjfbL /fhg}lts ljrf/n] dlxnf lg/Gt/tf lbPsL lyOg\ . 5f]/L cln 7"nf] ePkl5 pgn] of}gwGbf aGb u/]sL
g] k fn ;/sf/ d'lStsf] 9f]sf vf]Ng ;Sb}g t;y{cfd"n lyOg\ . t/ of}gwGbf 5f]8s ] f] @% jif{kl5 oL j[4f km]l/ k'/fg} af6f]df kmls{PsL
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;+oQ' m ;/sf/ agfpg e/dUb'/ k|of; u/]sf] b]lvG5 . oxL sf/0f ;/sf/ lj:tf/df
ljZje/sf dlxnfx¿n] of] lbgnfO{ ljz]if b]j/fh ljZjsdf{ a'em]g eg] kf/kfr's] ul/xfNg] klZrdL l9nfO eO/x]sf] xf] . cfhsf] cfjZostf /fli6«o ;xdlt / ;xsfo{s} s'/f u5{g\ t/
kj{sf ?kdf dgfp"b} cfO/x]sf 5g\ . ;+:s[lteGbf b'Mv / ;'vdf ;xcl:tTjsf Jojxf/df To:tf] b]Vg ;lsFbg} . zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] ;Gbe{df g} /fli6«o
dlxnf ePsf sf/0fn] ef]Ug'k/]sf 5f]/L, a'xf/L, gfltgL x'b" } ;b{} cfPsf] lj:tf/} kl/jt{g x'b" 5 } . of] cfzftLt ;fy k/:k/ ;xof]uL efjgfn] afFRg] ;xdlt xf] eGg] s'/f sbflk e'Ng' x'bF g} . t/, oxfF ;/sf/df uP/ df]hd:tL ug]{
cgluGtL e]befj, zf]if0f, bdg, 5 . ;a}eGbf w]/} sxf"sf] ;dfh zf]lift ?kdf cl3 a9g g;s]sf] eP klg ;+:s[lt w]/} pGgt 5 . dlxnfn] k'?ifk|lt jxfgfdf ;xdlt elgPsf] t xf]Og eGg] uDeL/ k|Zg v8f ePsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg lg0f{o
lyrf]ldrf] / cGofonfO{ cGTo ug{ Pp6f 5 eGg] xfdLn] ljrf/ u¥of}+ eg] hxf" wfld{s cltjfbL k/Dk/fnfO{ 5f]8/] tLa| x]g]{ gsf/fTds efj / k'?ifn] x]g]{ ug]{ t ;+ljwfg;efn] xf], ;/sf/sf] sfd dfq ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] nflu jftfj/0f
clj:d/0fLo lbgsf ?kdf xfdLn] * w]/} wfld{s cGwtf 5 ToxLsf dflg;x¿ ultdf cufl8 a9b} uPsf] b]lvG5 . dlxnfk|ltsf] pkof]uL j:t'sf] wf/0ff b'a} tof/ ug]{ xf] . dfcf]jfbL, Pdfn] / cGo bn ;/sf/df uPkl5 sfFu;]| / cGo s]xL
dfr{nfO{ lng ;S5f}+ . of] P]ltxfl;s w]/} zf]lift ePsf] / wfld{s k08f jf /fHon] ug{ sfg'gL Joj:yf, P]g, lgb]l{ zsf v/fa 5g\ . oL b'a} wf/0ffn] dlxnf bn n'6k'l6Psf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] /fhgLlts ultljlw 9'nd'lnPsf] cj:yfdf 5 .
lbgsf cj;/df xfd|f bfloTj s] x'g hfltjfbL g]tfsf] hf"tf]df lkl;Psf] hf/L ub}{ uPsf] cj:yf 5 . gof" aGg] d'lSt / dlxnf k'?ifsf] ;xcl:tTjsf] dfcf]jfbL cfhsf] /fHoJoj:yfdf cfd"n kl/jt{g rfxg] bn xf] . pm /fHosf] ;Dk"0f{
;S5g\ . of] ;'vb\ cj;/df s] ;Gb]z b]lvG5 . lnljofsf wfld{s g]tf g} /fi6« ;+ljwfgdf cem} w]/} clwsf/x¿ dfu{cj?4 ug{ lglZrt 5 . dlxnf If]qdf pynk'yn Nofpg cft'/ 5 . cGo bn eg] oyfl:yltd} ?dlnP/ d'ns ' nfO{
k|jfx ug{;S5f}+ . oL ;jfnx¿df uxg k|dv ' x'b" f s:tf] cj:yf pTkGg x'bF f]/x]5 ;+:yfut ul/o'g eGg] xfdLn] sfdgf d'lStsf] s'/f ul//xFbf e'Ng} gx'g] csf]{ …k/ x6Ú sf] cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg rfxG5g\ . hgtfn] kl/jt{g rfx]sf] s'/f sltko
5nkmn x'g cToGt h?/L 5 . eGg] s'/f xfn}sf lbgx¿df xfdLn] b]vs ] f ug{;S5f}+ . t/ oltn] dfq dlxnf kIf s] xf] eg] dlxnf–dlxnfaLrsf] bn / ltgsf g]tfx¿nfO{ kr]sf] 5}g . pgLx¿ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ cem} klg bafP/
g]kfnsf] e"ldaf6 cGt/f{li6«o >lds 5f}+ . d'cd/ u2fkmLn] k|To]s jfSodf d'lSt x'Fb}g . ;/sf/n] u/]sf k|To]s kf/:kl/s ;DaGw . dlxnf eGg] lalQs} /fVg rfxg] dfgl;stfdf b]lvG5g\ . clxn]sf] /fhgLlts oyfy{tf kl/jt{gsf/L
dlxnf lbj;sf] P]ltxfl;s cj;/nfO{ cfˆgf cNnfxn] cfk"mnfO{ o:tf] gLltut Joj:yfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;a} k" / f x' F b } g . wgL / u/Lj zlQm / oyfl:yltjfbL zQmaLrsf] tfgfafgfdf c8\lsPsf] 5 . o;} sf/0f cfufdL
s'g b[li6sf]0fn] x]g{ ;lsG5 . of] g} ug{eg]sf] o:tf] ug{geg]sf] s'/f xfdLn] z'?jft JolSt :jo+ xf] . cfh k|To]s dlxnfaLrsf] lje]b sfod} 5 . cem} h]7 !$ leq d'ns ' n] gofF ;+ljwfg kfpg] ;Defjgf cToGt Go"g x'bF } uPsf] 5 .
cfhsf] HjnGt ljifo xf] . n}l+ us lje]b dx;'; ul//x]sf 5f}+ . wfld{s /ªdf 3/ kl/jf/af6 dlxnfsf ;d:ofx¿ hftLo / n}l+ us df/ v]lk/x]sf blnt cfufdL h]7 !$ leq ;+ljwfg hf/L x'g ;s]g eg] d'ns ' sf] /fhgLlt ;f]re] Gbf
g} g]kfnL dlxnfx¿sf] d'Vo ;d:of xf] . lnljofsf nfvf}+ hgtfnfO{ pgn] bf;– ;sf/fTds 9+un] a'‰g] Ifdtfsf] dlxnfsf] cj:yf lgs} lrGtfhgs 5 . lans'n km/s 9Ëaf6 cufl8 a9\5 / a9\gk' 5{ . hgtfnfO{ ;w}F u'd/fxdf /fv]/
of] n}l+ us lje]bsf] cGTo ug{] pkfox¿ /}tL agfO/x]sf 5g\ . emg dlxnfx¿nfO{ h?/L 5 . k'?ifljgfsf] dlxnf / dlxnf clwsf/sdL{ x ¿n] blnt bnx¿ gflËg] cj:yf l;h{gf x'bF 5} . To;nfO{ arfpg klg kl/jt{gsf/L zlQm eGg]
s] x'g ;S5g\ . xfdLn] To;tkm{ lg t gf/sLo hLjg latfpg jfWo dlxnfljgfsf] k'?ifsf] cl:tTjsf] dlxnfx¿sf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ af]emsf bnn] hgtfk|ltsf] cfˆgf] c;nL e"ldsf b]vfpg] ;do cfpFb5 } . ;+ljwfg ag]g
5nkmn rnfpg' h?/L 5 . xhf/f}+ t'NofPsf 5g\ . d'l:nd ;d'bfon] k|ult xfdLn] sNkgf ug{ klg ;Sb}gf}+ . ?kdf lng] u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;se/ logL eg] hgtfn] cfˆgf] ;+ljwfg cfkm}F 3f]if0ff ug]{ cj:yf cfpg ;S5 . To;a]nf
jif{bl] v dlxnfdfly wfld{s, k/Dk/fut t u/]s} 5 . ljsf; klg ePs} 5 dlxnf cGofodf k/] eg]/ dlxnfsf blnt dlxnfx¿sf] ;d:of ;'Gg gk/] hgtfnfO{ g]tT[ j lbg] bn cfhsf] cfjZostf x'g hfG5 . ;+ljwfg hf/L x'g glbg]
lkt[;QfTds ;f]r / cfly{s clwsf/df eGg] xfdLn] b]V5f}+ . ljsf; eP/ k|ult b'Zdg k'?if x'g ;Sb}g . dlxnfx¿sf x'GYof] eGg] dfgl;stf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . b]zL, ljb]zL zlQmx¿sf] if8\oGqnfO{ w'hfw'hf kfg{ klg dfcf]jfbLn] hgtfsf] cfGbf]ngdf
dlxnfsf] xs ;'/lIft gePsf sf/0fn] eP/ jf dflg;sf] hLjg ef}lts ;'ljwfn] s]xL lglZrt bfloTj 5g\ tL k"/f ubf{ cfwf/e" t dlxnf tyf df} l ns ;fy lbg} k5{ lsgls pm cfk"mnfO{ qmflGtsf/L zlQm 7fG5 . oxL qmflGtsf/L zlQm
dlxnfx¿n] of] lgolt ef]Ug'k/]sf] ;DkGg x'"b}df k'Ubf] xf] t d'l:nd dlxnfx¿ sdhf]/ 5g\ pgLx¿ k'?ifsf] dfgjclwsf/af6 al~rt kfl/Psf x'gs' f] gftfn] hgtfn] ug]{ x/]s cfGbf]ngdf p;n] g]tT[ j lbg}k5{ .
s'/fnfO{ xfdLn] la;{g x'bF g} . clkmdsf] dlxnfnfO{ a'sf{ nfpg jfWo kfg{] wfld{s bf"hf]df slxNo} cfpg ;Sb}gg eGg] blnt dlxnfx¿sf] ;d:ofk|lt cfFvf dfcf]jfbL clxn] ;/sf/df ;xefuL ePsf] 5 . p;n] ljb]zL x:tIf]kaf6 d"n
gzf ;a}eGbf t]h x'G5 eG5g\ . g]kfnL sfg"gn] dfgjclwsf/sf] xgg ePsf] s'/f km]l/ csf]{ clt x'g5 ] / of] ;f]rn] lrlDnPsf] dlxnf clwsf/ cw'/f] / ck"0{ f ;/sf/ eg]/ vgfn g]tT[ j ;/sf/nfO{ pkdf lbPsf] 5 . ;Fu;Fu} dfcf]jfbLn] of]
dlxnfx¿sf] ;Gbe{sf] s'/f ubf{ Tof] eGg'kg{] lyPg . ;d:ofsf] xn ug{ c;Dej 5 . 7xl/G5 . pgLx¿sf] ;d:ofk|ltsf] ;/sf/ u7gnfO{ /fli6«o :jfwLgtf;Fu ;d]t hf]8s ] f] 5 . d'ns
' df ;+ljwfg gaGg]
ztk|ltzt nfu' x'G5 . jif{el/df dlxnf oxfF eGg vf]lhPsf] s'/f s] xf] eg] k'?ifx¿n] ug{] ;Dk"0{ f sfdx¿ ;Defjn] dlxnf clwsf/nfO{ ;jf{ËL0f cj:yf l;h{gf eO/x]sf] kl/l:yltdf p;n] cufl8 ;f/]sf gf/fn] ;fy{stf kfpnf <
clwsf/sf] s'/f ug]{ dlxnfx¿ g} ha g]kfnL ;dfhdf klg d'l:nd ;dfhdf dlxnfx¿n] ug{;S5g\ a? dlxnfn] ug{ / rf}tkmL{ agfpF5 . aL;f}+ ztfAbLdf st} dfcf]jfbLn] ;Qfdf hfgsf] nflu oL gf/f cufl8 ;f/]sf] t xf]Og < eGg]
wfld{s /Lltl/jfhx¿ cfp"5g\ ta em}+ a'sf{ nfpg'kg{] h:t} s8f wfld{s ;a} sfdx¿ k'?ifx¿n] ug{;Sb}gg . dlxnfx¿n] ;dfg sfdsf] ;dfg k|Zgx¿ tF5f8d5f8 ub}{ cfpg ;S5g\ . ;+ljwfg gag]sf] cj:yf dfcf]jfbLn]
pgLx¿ g} w]/} e'ms]sf] b]lvG5 . wd{ Joj:yf geP klg o:t} k|sl[ tsf s8f k| s [ l tn] s] x L ljz] i f bfloTjx¿ Hofnfsf] nflu u/]sf] cfGbf]ng pTsif0f hgtfnfO{ s] cfXjfg\ unf{ < cfhsf] hgrf;f] o;}df s]lGb|t ePsf] b]lvG5 .
k/Dk/f / /Lltl/jfhx¿n] ;aeGbf w]/} wfld{s lgi7fx¿ clgjfo'kdf kfngf dlxnfnfO{ ylklbPsf] 5 . Tof] dlxnfsf] k'Ubf w]/} pknlAw k|fKt ub}{ * dfr{ dfcf]jfbLn] ;/sf/df vgfnnfO{ ;dy{g ubf{ cl3 ;f/]sf ;ft a'bF ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog
dlxnfx¿nfO{ g} uf"hs ] f] b]lvG5 . wd{sf] ug{k' g{] cj:yf 5 . PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf sdhf]/L geO{ ;[li6sf] lg/Gt/tfsf Ps P]ltxfl;s lbg ag]sf] 5 . xf]nf ls gxf]nf < oxL ;ft a'bF ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 dfcf]jfbLsf]
cgGt hfnf]df pgLx¿nfO{ k':tf}+ klg :ju{ gs{sf] s'/f u/]/ dflg;nfO{ nflu dlxnfn] lbg] ljz]if of]ubfgsf g]kfnsf] kl/j]zdf @)^@÷)^# sf] ;kmntf of c;kmntf . hgtfk|ltsf] cfˆgf] uDeL/ bfloTj lgjf{x ug{ dfcf]jfbLn]
k':tfb]lv km;fPsf] 5 xfd|f] ;dfhn] . shfpg] k/Dk/f cWoflk sfod} 5 . of] ?kdf xfdLn] a'‰g' cfjZos 5 . P]ltxfl;s hgqmflGtn] u'0ffTds 5nfª s'g} s;/ afFsL /fVg' x'bF g} . p;k|lt hgtfsf] cfzf cf}wL 5 . ;Qfdf uP;Fu} k'/fg}
clxn];Ddsf] dfgj Oltxf;n] s] ;fljt of] u/]kl5 :ju{kl' uG5 of] of] gu/]kl5 clwsf/sf] s'/f ul//x"bf st{Jo slxNo} nufPsf] 5 . dlxnfx¿sf] ;xeflutfsf] ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿sf] rl/qnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpg] e"n dfcf]jfbLn] ug'{ x'bF g} . hgtfsf]
ul/lbPsf] 5 eg] s'g} dflg;nfO{ gs{kl' uG5 eg]/ sfNklgs s'/fx¿df e'Ng' x'b" g} . sltko clwsf/sdL{x¿n] s'/f hf]8bf/?kdf p7b} ;dfg'kflts kIfdf zflGt, ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ k"0f{tfdf k'¥ofpg cfhsf] d'Vo cfjZostf
shfpg' 5 eg] wd{sf] ;xf/fn] g} ;a}eGbf dlxnfx¿nfO{ e'nfPsf] b]lvG5 . /fd|f] dlxnf clwsf/sf] ;jfn p7fO/xFbf ;xeflutf;Dd cfOk'us ] f] 5 . ca x/]s xf] . To;;Fu;Fu} o; k|lqmofdf cj/f]w eP ;Qfsf] s';L{ 5f]8/] dfcf]jfbL ;8sdf
w]/} shfpg ;lsG5 . ha cb[Zo jf ;a}sf] sNof0f x'g] sfd u/]kl5 qmdzM k'?iflj/f]wL wf/0ff klg a9fp"b} If]qdf ;xeflutf dfq} x}g e"ldsf;lxtsf] cfpg'k5{ . s/f]8f}F g]kfnLsf] rfxgfsf] hg;+ljwfg ;8saf6} 3f]if0ff ug'k{ 5{ .
zlStsf] s'/f cfp"5 ta ;a} e'mS5g\ . dfG5]sf] 3/, kl/jf/ / ;dfh g} :ju{ nu]sf] cg'ej ug{;lsG5 . dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfn] yk pknlAw xfl;n x'g5] . [email protected]
k|foM ;a} wd{uG| yx¿df gf/Lx¿ k'?ifsf xf] eg] dflg;sf] clxt x'g] jf c?nfO{ zq' k'?if slxNo} lyPg / x'g klg * dfr{ s f cj;/df sfuhL
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;'/lIft ug{ tL wd{sf k|0f]tfx¿n] g} eP/ hGdg' k'?ifsf] ;]jfsf nflu eGg] k/Dk/f b'a} ln+udf x'g ;S5g\ . 3'dg] eg] /y cufl8 a9g' h;/L OF6fe§fdf sfo{/t kfFr xhf/eGbf a9L OF6fe§fdf cfdfafa';uF } cfpg]afx]s
ljk/Lt ln+unfO{ shfpg] dfu{ cjnDag wfld{s cGwljZjf; gTofu];Dd dlxnf ltgLx¿sf] Go"gLs/0f ub}{ pGd"ngsf] c;Dej 5, To;/L g} dlxnf–k'?ifsf] afnaflnsf sl7g afn>dsf sf/0f pRr cfdfafa' gePsf, 6'x/' f Pj+ åGåsf] df/df
u/] . ToxL km]/f] ;dfp"b} xfd|f] k':tf}k+ :' tf d'lStsf nflu hlt;'s} 7"nf s'/f u/] lbzflt/ cufl8 a9g' g} xfd|f] lglDt ;xcl:tTjlagf dfgj ;dfh pGgt / hf]lvddf k/]sf 5g\ . kl/jf/;Fu} k/]sf afnaflnsf;d]t /x]sf] Joj;foL
lat]sf] 5 / xfdLn] hfgL ghfgL ToxL klg dlxnfsf] jf:tljs d'lSt c;Dej a9L >]o:s/ x'G5 . cfkm} gp7L c?n] kl/:s[t x'g klg ;Dej 5}g . /fHosf OF6fe§fdf sfd ug{ cfPsf 5b]lv !$ atfpF5g\ . ;w}F w'jfFwn' f]df /x]/ sfd ubf{
k/Dk/f kTofp"b} cfPsf 5f}+ . clzlIft 5 . Tof] wfld{s cGwljZjf; kfln/fVg' yf]kl/lbPsf] clwsf/ jf kl/jt{gn] ;a} lgsfox¿ dlxnfd}qL eP eg] dfq jif{ pd]/sf afnaflnsf OF6f kfg]b{ l] v afnaflnsf bL3{ /f]uL;d]t aGg] u/]sf]
kl/jf/df wd{df Tolt w]/} 5]sjf/x¿ lkt[;QfTds ;f]r hf]ufpg vf]Hg' xf] jf:tljs hLjgdf kl/jt{g Nofpg dlxnfsf] d'lStsf] pHofnf] 3fdsf] sf]Onf s'6g\ ;] d]t sfd ubf{ lzIff / kl/jf/ g} atfpF5g\ . 5 dlxgf 3/df
5}gg xf]nf hlt lzlIft dflg;df 5g\ . eg] dlxnf eP/ hGdg' k'?if ;]jfsf ;Sb}g . dlxnfx¿nfO{ u}/;/sf/L dx;'; x'g5 ] . clgdfq xfd|f] ;Eotfn] :jf:Yok|ltsf] Go"gtd cfwf/e"t a:bf ;fdfGotof ljBfno hfg] / 5
wfld{s lgi7f kfngf gu/] cs'nLg 7xl/g] nflu geO{ dflg; eP/ dflg;sf ;a} lgsfo jf c? bftfn] of] u/ / Tof] u/ eg]sf] …oq gfo{t' k"HoGt] tq /dGt] clwsf/af6 jl~rt 5g\ . laxfg kfFr dlxgf OF6fe§fdf sfd ug]{ afnaflnsf
eo lzlIft kl/jf/df of{Kt 5 . c;Eo xsx¿ pkof]u ug{sf nflu xf] eGg] eg]sf] cfwf/df geO{ cfkm} clwsf/ / b]jtfÚ ;kmnLe"t ePsf] 7xl/g]5 / * ah]bl] v g} kl/jf/;Fu} sfddf vl6g] o:tf lzIffaf6 ;d]t jl~rt x'bF f eljio g}
7flgPnf eGg] ;Gqf;n] wd{åf/f k|bQ a'‰g' g} dlxnf d'lStsf] ;jfn a'‰g' st{Jok|lt ;r]t /xFb} cl3 a9g' eg]s} dfr{sf] ;Gb]z b"/b/fhsf ufpF clg afnaflnsfsf] r/d?kdf >d cGof]ndf k/]sf] 5 . OF6fe§fdf sfd ug{
Joj:yf kfngf ub}{ hfFbf dlxnfx¿df xf] . dlxnfnfO{ x]g]{ lx+hf]sf] b[li6sf]0f ;f"rf] kl/jt{g x'g5 ] . elgG5– udnfdf j:tL;Dd k'Ug]5 . zf]if0f;d]t ePsf] 5 . :jf:Yosf sf/0fn] afnaflnsf of}g b'jJ{ ojxf/ tyf of}g

nf]s;]jf cfof]udf ;'wf/sf] vf“rf]

;d]t hf]lvddf k/]sf afnaflnsfdf bd, zf]if0fdf ;d]t kg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . e§fdf
vf]sL, 5ftL / 9f8 b'Vg]h:tf /f]u nfUg], cfpg] sfdbf/, OF6f lng cfpg] uf8Lsf
b}lgs ?3fvf]sL nfUg] / a]jf:tfsf sf/0f rfns ;xrfns / cGo JolStaf6
lgdf]lgof eP/ Hofg} hfg] cj:yfsf] ;d]t b}lgsh;f] of}g b'Jo{jxf/ em]Nb} cfPsf
g]kfnsf] ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf k|jz ] sf tL sfg'gsf Joj:yfx¿nfO{{ pko'St l;h{gf x'g] u/]sf] 5 . cfdfafa' b}lgs 5g\ oxfFsf afnaflnsfn] . ;fFem dlb/f
nflu nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] e"ldsf l56km'6 yfg]Zj/ e';fn lsl;daf6 JofVof ug{;Sg] u/L xfn;Dd sfddf Jo:t x'gfn] aRrf la/fdL kbf{ ;]jg u/]/ cfpg] sltko dhb'/n] g}
36gfafx]s ljjfb/lxt /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . ckgfOg] uf]kgLotfsf dfGotfx¿df wdfwd kl/jt{g u/]sf 5g\ eg] csf]l{ t/ nf]s;]jf cfof]un] cfˆgf] kf7\oqmd th{d' f ;fdfGo?kdf lng] / OF6fe§f ;~rfnsn] cZnLn zAb k|of]u u/]/ lh:Sofpg],
;DejtM cg'ejL sd{rf/L / lj1 ;fdlos ;' w f/ ub} { cfk" m nfO{ { ;+;f/el/ g} 1fgsf] kl/b[Zodf km]/abn u/]sf] 5}g . To:t}, Gofo ;]jfsf /fhkq pkrf/df rf;f] gb]vfpg] u/]kl5 z/L/df rnfpg vf]Hg] u/]sf] / afa'cfdf
Joj:yfkg -cfof]u_ aLrsf] sfo{/t k/LIffyL{x¿k|lt a9L pQ/bfoL agfpg cfO/x]sf] 5 . Joj:yfkgsf gofF–gofF cglÍt kbx¿df sfg'gsf] cf}krfl/s OF6fe§fdf sfd ug]{ afnaflnsf yk 5fk|fd] f gx'bF f sltkon] b'Jo{jxf/ ug]{
tfbDotf ldn]/ g} nf]s;]jf cfof]un] ;s] nf] s ;] j f cfof] u cfˆgf] cjwf/0ffx¿nfO{{ nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] lzIff lagfsf sd{rf/Lx¿ lgo'lStsf] nflu hf]lvddf k/]sf x'g\ . d+l;/b]lv h]7;Dd u/] s f] e§fdf sfo{ / t clwsf+ z
cfˆgf] ultnf] 5lj sfod /fVg ;s]sf] ljZj;gLotfsf] 5lj sfod /fVg ;kmn kf7\oqmdn] ;dfj]z ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . l;kmfl/; ul/G5– h'g ;/f;/ cJojxfl/s OF6f kfg]{ tyf af]Sg] sfdsf nflu ljz]if afnaflnsf atfpF5g\ . sltkosf] !$
xf] . ;fj{hlgs If]qsf nfvf}F kbx¿ k"lt{sf] eO/xg]5 . b]z ;+3Lotfdf hfg] tof/L k|fljlws kbx¿sf nflu lnOg] k/LIffsf b]lvG5 . oxL cj:yf cGo ;]jfsf w]/} u/L /fd]5fk, sfe|,] l;Gw'kfNrf]s /f]Nkf, jif{d} pd]/df e§fd} ljjfx x'g] u/]sf] /
nflu l;kmfl/; ubf{ ;fdfGo dfgjLo ul//x]sf a]nf nf]s;]jf cfof]un] klg k|Zg;d]t yf]lqPsf 5g\ . o; ;Gbe{df kbx¿df /x]sf] 5 . s[lif, jg cflbh:tf ?s'd, dsjfgk'/, bfª, g'jfsf]6, wflbª, ;fg}df ue{jtL;d]t x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . s]xL
sdhf]/Lx¿ x'g' :jefljs g} xf] . tyflk cfk"mnfO{{ eljiosf] ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf s'g nf]s;]jf cfof]un] b]z leq}sf lzIf0f lgsfox¿ -h'g cw{Goflos lgsfosf] ?kdf afFs,] wg'iff, k;f{, ;nf{xL, af/fnufot aflnsfnfO{{ dhb'/n] g} ljleGg k|nf]eg
cGo ;fj{hlgs c•fsf t'ngfdf nf]s;]jf :j?kdf :yflkt x'g] eGg] af/]df u[xsfo{ ;+:yfx¿df s]–s:tf kf7\oqmdx¿ k9fO{ ;d]t sfd u5{g_\ sf sd{rf/Lx¿df sfg'gL ljleGg lhNnfaf6 kl/jf/;Fu} cfPsf b]vfP/ of}g zf]if0f ug{] u/]sf] pgLx¿
cfof]u ljjflbt 5}g . obfsbf ;'lgg] eP u/]sf] ;'lgFbg} . ;fdfGotofM hlt eO/x]sf 5g\ / cGt/f{li6«o txdf 1fgsf] cefj b]lvG5 . To;/L g} ;fj{hlgs dhb'/sf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] eljio hf]lvddf atfpF 5 g\ . afnalnsfn] cfˆg}
ljjfbx¿ s]nfpFbf nf]s;]jf cfof]ueGbf /fhgLlts ax;x¿ u/] klg cGttM Joj:yfksLo Pj+ k|fljlws If]qsf] 1fg ljQ, n]vf, n]vfk/LIf0f / k|fljlws 1fg - k/]sf] xf] . eStk'/sf tfynL, ;'8F fn, kl/jf/af6 ;d]t of}g b'Jo{jxf/ ;xg'
aflx/ /x]sf JolStsf] sf/0fn] To:tf ef/tLo zf;g k|0ffnLsf] gSsn ug{ slt km/flsnf] ePsf] 5 eGg] af/]df sDKo'6/, ;jf/L ;fwg cflb_ sf] ;d]t afu]Zj/L, b'jfsf]6, emf}vn] , l;kf8f]n / k/]sf] pgLx¿ atfpF5g\ . ;fgf] 5fk|fl] eq
36gf ePsf] b]lvG5 . ctM nf]s;]jf cEo:t g]tT[ jn] nf]s;]jf cfof]unfO{{ klg lgoldt cWoog ug{] h?/L 5 . o; ;a} ;]jfsf ;a} txsf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] lrQkf]n ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf OF6fe§fdf afa'cfdf;Fu} ;'Tg] u/]sf !) jif{dflysf
cfof]un] cfk"mnfO{{ afXo bafaaf6 s;/L ef/tLo :j?k gb]nfg\ eGg ;lsGg . k|sf/sf] cWoogsf] cefjdf k/LIffyL{x¿ clgjfo{ cfjZostf ag]sf] ;Gbe{df sfo{/t afnaflnsfn] OF6f kfg],{ OF6f sltko afnaflnsfn] afa'cfdfaLrsf]
hf]ufP/ /fVg] eGg]df cfof]u (Board) t/ g]kfnsf] ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] cj:yf, k'/fgf] 1fgsf] kf/Ët aGg] t/ ablnFbf] nf]s;]jf cfof]un] cfˆgf kf7\oqmdx¿df p7fpg], afn'jf Nofpg], kfgL Nofpg]bl] v zf/Ll/s ;DaGw ;xh} b]Vg] u/]kl5
;lqmo x'g' cfjZos 5 . nf]s;]jf /f]huf/L / lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ Pj+ zf;sLo kl/l:yltdf s'g} klg s'/f nfu" ug{ g;Sg] ;'wf/ ug{k' g]{ b]lvG5 . ;+jw} flgs ?kdf sf]Onf s'6g\ ] / vRr/ wkfpg];d]t sfd pgLx¿ yk dfgl;s tgfadf kg]{ u/]sf
cfof]un] k/LIff sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng :j?knfO{{ a]jf:tf ul/Pdf nf]s;]jf cj:yfaf6 kLl8t 5g\ . pgLx¿n] k9]sf] nf]s;]jf cfof]u Ps :jtGq lgsfo xf] ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] !^ jif{dl' gsf 5g\ . afnaflnsf x]g{ ] dfG5] 3/df gx'g] /
ubf{ ;s];Dd cfˆg} sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{{ a9L cfof]usf] xfnsf] ljZj;gLotf w/fkdf s'g} klg s'/f Jojxf/df nfu" x'g sl7g t/ o;sf] ;DaGw sfo{sflnsf;Fu afnaflnsfnfO{{ sfddf nufpg gkfpg] cfkm"nfO{{ sfd klg ;3fpg] ePsfn]
lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . h'g;'s} kg{] b]lvG5 . vf;u/L ;fj{hlgs If]q x'bF } uPsf] 5 . oBlk xfn} nf]s;]jf cfof]un] cGof]Gofl>t /x]sf] x'G5 . cyf{t\ sfg'g agfP klg To;sf] sfof{Gjog clwsf+z dhb'/n] ;Fu} 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{{ Nofpg]
txsf] k/LIff lnFbf cJoj;flos / k];fut k|dv' /f]huf/bftf ePsf] g]kfnsf] /fhkq cglÍt bf];f| ] txsf] vl/bf/ kbsf] sfo{kflnsfn] lbPsf] ah]6sf] e/df cfˆgf] gx'bF f afnaflnsf hf]lvddf kb}c { fPsf u5{g\ . afnaflnsfn] >dsf] Hofnf;d]t
lhDd]jf/L g} gePsf JolStx¿nfO{{ kl/k|I] odf lghL If]q k|dv' /f]huf/bftf kf7\oqmddf u/]sf] ;'wf/ k|z;+ gLo g} 5 . sfo{;~rfng ug{k' g],{ cfˆgf k/fdz{x? x'g\ . eStk'/df /x]sf sl/a Ps ;o kfpFbg} g\ . pgLx¿n] sfd u/]afkt kfpg]
lg/LIfs jf hfFrs agfOg' x'bF g} . o;af6 ePsf] d'ns ' sf] k|0ffnLsf] gSsn ubf{ Pj+ /Ltaf6 ;a} ;]jfsf ;a} txx¿sf sfo{kflnsfaf6 sfof{Gjog gul/g' tyf OF6fe§fdf sfo{/t afnaflnsfsf] k};f klg afa'cfdfn] g} lng] ePsf] /
k/LIffsf] dof{bf 36\g] dfq} xf]Og, To;n] w]/} ;d:ofx¿ lgDTofpg] b]lvG5 . nflu kf7\oqmd kl/dfh{g ug}{ k5{ . sfg'gn] tf]ss ] f] ;Ldf;Dd klg cfkm"nfO{{ :jf:Yo;d]t hf]lvddf /x]sf] 5 . ;/;kmfO pgLx¿sf] gfddf art;d]t gul/g] x'gfn]
k/LIffyL{x¿df ;d]t nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] ;'wf/sf] csf]{ If]q kf7\oqmd ;'wf/sf af/]df ePsf k|of;x¿ pEofpg g;Sg' nf]s;]jf cfof]usf xfnsf gx'g,] Pp6} 5fk|fd] f sf]lrP/ a:g], z'4 pgLx¿ >dzf]if0fdf ;d]t kg]{ u/]sf 5g\ .
ljZj;gLotfdfly zÍf pTkGg x'G5 . o;sf] k/LIff k|0ffnL xf] . kf7\oqmddf cem} klg sd 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu r'gf}tLx¿ x'g\ . oL r'gf}tLx¿nfO{{ ;dfwfg vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf gx'g,] lxnf], w'nf] / d'l:snn] kfFr dlxgf ljBfnosf] d'v b]Vg]
To:t} JolStx¿sf sf/0fn] s]xL ;fdlos ;'wf/ x'g g;Sbf clwsf+z g]kfn k|zf;g ;]jfsf] h'g;'s} txdf lgo'lSt ug{ ;fdlos ;'wf/sf of]hgfx¿ Nofpg w'jF fdf sfd ug{k' g]h
{ :tf sfdn] OF6fe§fdf oL afnaflnsf lzIff kfpg] g};lu{s
dlxgfcl3 s'g} Pp6f k/LIffyL{sf] kbx¿sf nflu lnOg] k/LIffx¿sf x'gsf] nflu sfg'gsf] 1fg h?/L 5}g . nf]s;]jf cfof]un] l9nf] ug{ x'Gg . s]jn sfo{/t afnaflnsf /f]uL ePsf] :j:YosdL{ clwsf/af6 ;d]t jl~rt ePsf 5g\ .
pQ/k'l:tsf g} k/LIff ejgdf cnkq k|Zgkqx¿ ;lqmo /fhtGq x'bF fsf eGbf ha ls lgolSt x'bF fsf lbgb]lv g} s'g} jflif{s sfo{kflnsfdf /x]/ dfq nf]s;]jf atfpF5g\ . dhb'/ / pgLx¿sf sflQsb]lv j}zfv;Dd OF6fe§fdf latfpg]
k/]sf] lyof] . o;tkm{ nf]s;]jf cfof]u leGg b]lvFbg} g\ . Psflt/ lghL If]qsf klg txsf] sd{rf/L sfg'gsf w]/} cfof]un] cfˆgf] ljZj;gLotf sfod 5f]/f5f]/Lsf nflu OF6fe§f ;~rfnsn] oL afnaflnsfn] Tof] cjlwel/ k9\g ;d]t
uDeL/ x'g} k5{ . k/LIff ;~rfng ubf{ lzIf0f ;+:yfx¿n] cfˆgf kf7\oqmdx¿ Joj:yfx¿af6 lgb]l{ zt eO;s]sf] x'G5 . u/fO/fVg hl6n b]lvG5 . ;do–;dodf lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo lzlj/ kfpFbg} g\ .
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b]j/fh ljZjsdf{
dfgj hLjgnfO{{ ;'vL / ;d[4 agfpgsf nflu dflg;n] Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{
laxfgsf] lem;ld;] ;Fu} z/L/nfO{ ePsf] 5 dgf]sfdgfsf] bz{g ug{cfpFbf l5gfof] . p;sf] uw{gdf k/]sf] t/jf/ oqf] åGb ePsf] . u/]sf j}1flgs pknlAwx¿ clåtLo 5g\ / csNkgLo klg 5g\ . To:tf pknlAwx¿n]
tgSs tGSofpFb} aflx/ lg:s]sf xfdL To;dfly klg cem} s]an ' sf/df r9]/ d]/f] uw{gdf g} k/]sf] h:tf] d]/f] d'6' aln / alnbfgsf] s'/fnfO{ :ki6 dfgj hLjgnfO{{ ;'vL dfq agfPsf 5}gg\ yk 1fg, ;Lk cfh{gsf nflu cfwf/;d]t
;a} kl/jf/x¿ dWo] d d]/L wd{klTg ;/////// lr;f] xfjfsf] dGb d':sfg Rjf:; eof] / lvGgtf klg nfUof] . a'‰gsf] nfuL xfdLn] wd{zf:q jf k|bfg u/]sf 5g\ . k'/fgf] k':tfnfO{{ cfˆgf] 1fgdf kl/:sf/ Nofpg / gof" lkF9Lsf
clg ;fydf a'af / cfdf eP/ xftdf leq l5b}{ l5b}{ xl/of kxf8 / r/fx¿sf] x/jvt xfd|f] kl5 nfu]/ lx+9g] d]/f] sfnf] O{ltxf;nfO{ klg k9g ;S5f}+ . ;To o'udf dflg;x¿nfO{{ 1fg cfh{g ub}{ gof"–gofF pknlAwx¿ 1fg–lj1fgsf If]qdf k|fKt
Pp6f sfnf] af]sf] 8f]xf]¥ofpFb} aflxl/of}+ . lr/lj/ klg ;'Gb} ;'Gb} kxf8sf] rf]6L;Dd af]sf] cfh dgf]sfdgf b]jLsf] k|;fb eof] . wd{arfpgsf] nfuL lji0f' eujfgn] ug{sf nflu dflg;sf ;Dk"0f{ k|oTgx¿ s]lGb|t 5g\ . st} k|of;n] ;kmntf xfl;n
3/b]lv k"js { bd /fv]/ lg:s]kl5 ;fO{t k'Ubfsf] cfgGbsf] t emg j0f{g u/L crDd nfUbf] of] jw clg cfZro{ klg cfk"mnfO{ g/sdf xf]d/] alnlbg' ePsf] u/]sf] cj:yf 5 eg] st} k|of;x¿ sfdofj ePsf 5}gg\ t/ klg dfG5] k|oTgzLn
k5{ /] t/ d]/f] 3/ bIfL0f lbzf kms]s { f] ;fWo} 5}g . cflv/ s;n] b]jLnfO{ d]/f] sfnf] af]sfsf] lyof] . åfk/ o'udf cfˆgf] efOef/åfhnfO{ 5– s;/L efjL k':tfnfO{{ /fd|f] kl/l:ylt lgdf{0fsf nflu dflg;n] k|fKt u/]sf cg]sf}F
5 s;/L k"jk{ ms]/{ lg:sg] a'afn] eGg'xG' 5 dlGb/ kl/;/df l5g]{ lalQs} aln lbof] . xfd|f] kl/jf/ h:t} u/L x'sL{Psf] kfkaf6 arfpg eujfg >L s[i0fn] pknlAwx¿dWo] ljB'tLo cflj:sf/ olt w]/} rdTsf/k"0f{ 5 ls To;sf] hudf
3/ cfFug Pp6} xf] To;}n] cfFugaf6 crDd / sxfnL nfUbf] eStx¿sf] d]/f] sfnf] af]sf]nfO{ cs}{ JolStsf] xftaf6 alnbfg ˜lbg'ePsf] lyof] . q]tf o'udf g6]s/] c? pknlAwx¿ xfl;n ug{ c;Dej 5 . Tof] ljB't;"u clxn] ;+;f/sf s'g}
lg:sFbf k"jk{ l§lt/af6 lg:s] x'G5 . wGg nfOgn] ;do / nIonfO{ l5§} kl/k"lt{ dgf]sfdgf b]jLsf] gfddf r9fOof] . cfˆg} >LdtLsf] kfk / ;+;f/df a9b} klg s'gfsf dflg; ghf]l8O{ ;'v} 5}g . kfgLaf6 lah'nL aN5 eGg] ;'Gb} g;'gs ] f/
d}n] cfFugdf kvf{n /flv;s]sf] /x]g5' ug{ sl7g x' g ] s' / fsf] cg' d fg cfk"mn] ef]u lbg g;Sg] xfdL nf5L uPsf] clgtLnfO{ arfpg eujfg hfGb} ghfg]sf dflg;nfO{{ ;d]t o;n] k|efljt ul//x]sf] 5 . oltlj£g k|efjsf/L
To;}n] ;fOt ug{kfOof] . d]/f] 3/b]lv ug{;lsGYof] . t/ Jojl:yt tl/sfn] kl/jf/n] Tof] af]sf]nfO{ csf{sf] xftdf >L/fdn] alnbfg lbP/ o; wtL{af6 ljbf lrhnfO{{ s] tdfd hgtfn] ;xhtfk"js { pkof]u ug{ kfO/x]sf 5g\ t - xfdL ;a}nfO{{
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/fhdfu{af6 k"j{hfg] a;df xfdL /fVgsf] nfuL agfOPsf] 5'§} ;'ljwfn] cfkm}n] jw u/L r9fpg kfPsf] eP klg 6f+lUuP/ /utsf] wf/f aufpFb} ;+;f/nfO{ klg xfdL k|foM g]kfnLnfO{{ yfxf 5 . ljZjdf xfdL bf];f| ] wgL b]zdf kb{5f}F . eGg /
;a}hgfsf] ;fydf af]sf] klg r9of] . ubf{ s'g} lsl;dsf] sl7gfOnfO{ ;xh Pp6f anL lbPsf] s'/f ;To x'GYof] t/ kfkaf6 5'6sf/f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . o:t} n]Vg klg w]/} sl7g 5 lsgls ljZjdf bf];f| ] hn;|ft] sf] wgL b]z eP/ klg
af]sf] klg v'zL b]lvG5 lsgeg] xfdLn] / ;/n ?kdf lng ;lsGYof] . dlGb/b]lv csf{n] anL lbPkl5 xfd|f] gfd dfq} lnP/ o:t} x/]s o'udf cfpg] eujfgx¿n] cfwfeGbf a9L hgtf lah'nLsf] pHofnf]af6 al~rt 5g\ . olt dfq sxf" xf] /
xfd|} 3/df kfn]/ /fv]sf] Tof] af]sf] xfdL;Fu sl/a sl/a @)) ld6/ 6f9f k/]5 s] eof] / k'0o t h;n] anL lbof] p;}nfO{ cfˆg} aln lbP/ ;+;f/nfO{ d'St u/fpg' b]zsf cToGt pTkfbgzLn hldg l;+rfOsf] cefjdf af"em} 5 . b]zsf jfl;GbfnfO{{
;+w} kl5 nfUYof] To;}n] klg p xfdL;Fu xfd|f] kfnf] t . sDd/ b'Vg] / 9f8 b'Vg] ldNg] eof] olb of] ;To xf] eg] . d]/f] ePsf] s'/f xfdLn] wd{zf:qdf k9g kfpF5f}+ vfBfGg kl/k"lt{ ug{ g;s]/ ljb]zLx¿nfO{{ u'xfg'{ kl//x]sf] cj:yf slt kL8fbfos
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h:t}M otf cfO{hf ptf hf vf a; nfOgdf pleg g;Sg]x¿sf] nfuL s;}n] af]sf] cfh o; ;+;f/df /x]g . dfgj b]z / hgtfnfO{ arfPsf lyP s] of] cy{tGqsf sf/0f ;a} vf]nf gbLsf] lah'nL pTkfbg cg'dlt c?n] g} ;'/lIft
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sL 3/df kfn]sf] ef]6] s's/' eGbf klg pgLx¿nfO{ a:g cfu|x ug{ eStx¿sf] arfpg c?sf] k|f0fnfO{ lzQ}df kfPsf] aln lbP/ kfkaf6 d'St eOGYof] clg tyf pks/0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfO{lbg'k¥of], xfdL ;Dk"0f{ >d cfkm}F ub{5f}F / kmnfgf]
vt/f b]lvGYof] . glrg]sf] dfG5]nfO{ ldhf; / cfb/gLo dgnfO{ klg j/bfg ;Dem]/ p;nfO{ Ps jrg klg b]znfO{ b'Zdgaf6 arfpg ;lsGYof] eg] hnljB't cfof]hgf lgdf{0f u5f}{ + eg]sf] v08df ;/sf/ hgtfnfO{{ Tof] clwsf/ lbg
u]6af6 leq l5g}{ lbGgYof] . sf]xL d]/f] gd:sf/ gul/ /xg ;lsFbg} . d hjfg g;f]wL o;/L dfg{' kg]{ . s'g b]jL cfP/ Toltv]/ klg t oL ;a} b]jL b]ptfx¿ tof/ 5}g lsgeg] ;/sf/n] guGo cg'dlt z'Nssf] cfzfdf cfˆgf] clwsf/
3/df k:g' cufj} x}g tkfO{x+ ¿sf] af]sf] / o'jflk+9Lsf] eP tfklg d]/f] z/L/ Tof] /ut lkOg t d}n] t b]lvg . /ut lyPxf]nfg . pgLx¿nfO{ hLjhGt'sf] u'dfO;s]sf] 5 . s'g–} s'g} /fhgLlts r6s]x¿n] xfdLn] ljB't pTkfbg u/L a]Rof}F
afFws ] f] 5 ls 5}g eg]/ ;f]Wg] ub{y] . cln czQm g} lyof] lsgeg] ;fg} ;a} au]/ e"OF{ e/L ePsf] lyof] d/]sf] alnlbP/ xfdL d'St x'g ;SbYof}+ . t/ eg] ;a}eGbf ;'vL xfdL x'G5f}F eGb} 9f"l6/x]sf] xfdLn] ;'gs ] f 5f}F . xfdLn] c? s'g} sfd
xfdL ;a}hgf lx+8s] f] ofqfsf] nIo pd]/df ePsf] PS;L8]G6sf] sf/0f w]/a} /] nf; d]/f] a'afn] af]/fdf kf]sf] kfl/ ;Sg' dflg;sf] s'l/tL / s';:+ sf/n] h/f] uf8]sf] ug{k' b}g{ – lah'nL a]Rg]afx]s eg]/ xfjfdf p8fO/x]sf] klg xfdLn] ;'gs ] } 5f}F . ;To s]
eGg' g} dgf]sfdgf dftfsf] bz{g ug'{ pleFbf sDd/ b'VYof] t}klg s'g} ;d:of ePsf] lyof] . b]jLsf] lgx'dF f cfˆgf] of] ;dfh / of] ;+;f/df cfk"m rf]vf] aGg xf] eg] xfdLn] lah'nL a]Rg]eGbf xfd|} ;f/f hgtfsf] 3/3/df pHofnf] lbFb} To;af6
lyof] To;}n] a;sf] l6s6 klg ToxL ePg >L dgf]sfdgf dfO{sf] cl;d :jfy{k/' f ug{vf]Hg] xfdL kfkL g} xf}+ . b]jL clg wd{sf] 7]sb] f/ sxnfpg lg/Lx lng ;Sg] cGo hlt klg kmfObfsf s'/fx¿ 5g\ tL dfq} lng ;Sof}F eg] dfq} klg
s'l/g6f/;Ddsf] dfq lnPsf] lyPF d}n] . s[kfn] d}n] $ 306fsf] nfOgdf pleFbf b]jtfx¿n] dnfO{ k|f0f xTof u/]/ anL k|f0fLx¿sf] k|f0f x/]/ kfkaf6 d'St ePsf] k|sl[ tn] xfdLnfO{{ cg'kd j/bfg lbPs} 5 . k|sl[ tn] lbPsf] j/bfg pkof]u ug]{
dgf]/d b[io cgL nf]e nfUbf] k|fs[lts s'g} ls;Ldsf] c;'ljwf ePg . o;/L r9fpg eg]sf] t d}n] s'g} klg k'/f0f jf efg kfb}{ ltvf}/] h'u+ f d;f/]/ ul/a /fhgLlts Joj:yf / gfos aGgnfos /fhgLlts g]tT[ j gx'b" f j/bfgx¿ k|To]s
56fn] el/k"0f{/d0fLo :ynsf] ?kdf lng $ 306fsf] k|ltIffkl5 xfdL ;a}hgf wd{zf:qdf k9]sf] / ;'gs ] f] klg lyOg . lbgb'MvLnfO{ nfQL xfGb} clg cfˆg} lbbL jiff{df clezfk t ag]s} 5g\ k|To]s jif{df s'g} j:tLsf] sfn ag]/ cfp"5 xfd|f
;lsg] s'l/g6f/sf] b[ion] x/ s;}sf] klg dlGb/leq k|jz ] ug{kfof}+ . s'g} o'jtLn] a? c?sf] k|f0f xTof ug{ eg]sf] *$ alxgLsf] O{Hhtdf v]njf8 ub}{ cfˆgf cfkmGtx¿nfO{{ 5'6fP/ lnP/ hfG5 . xfdL p:t} d[ut[i0ff ;f"r/] gbL x]b{}
dg lhTg ;kmn x'G5 . l8ndf a;]/ dnfO{ cfˆgf] k'hfsf] ;fdu|L aflx/af6 nfvsf] g/sdf k'Ug' xf] eGg] rfxL yfxf lx+l8/xG5g\ . k|f0fL dfqsf] alnlbP/ o:tf] af"lr/xG5f}–F af"lr/xG5f}F .
cjnf]sg ubf{ sljx¿sf] sljtfn] lb+b} elgg– …bfO{ d]/f] of] k'hfsf] ;fdu|L lyof] t}klg wd{zf:qsf] ljk/Lt xfdLn] kfksf] df]rg x'G5 egL s;n] l;sfof] . /fHo slxn] yd{n KnfG6sf] s'/f u/]/ hgtf e'mSofpF5, slxn] n3' hnljB't
:jtGqtf kfpg] czflGt dg klg r9fOlbg'; / d]/f] dgf]sfdgf tyf xfd|f] sfnf] af]sf]nfO{ ToxfF nu]/ xTof cflv/ d]/f] sfnf] af]sf] b]jLsf]
ePsfx¿sf] dgdf zfGt 5fpg] clg efsn klg k'/fxf];\ egL dnfO{ k|;fb ug{nufof}+ . olb k'0o g} ldNg] eP jw dlGb/df klg /x]g 3/df klg /x]g cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{] s'/f u5{ t slxn] ef/t;"u lah'nL lsGg] s'/f u/]/
uLtsf/x¿sf] uLtdf k'iku'R5fsf] dfnf NofOlbg' xf]nfÚ . …x'G5Ú eGb} d}n] pgsf] ug{] dfG5]nfO{ ldNof] . olb kfk g} ldNg] ;a} kl/jf/sf] k]6 leq k'Uof] . :jflbi6 hgtfnfO{{ 5N5 . oxL qmdsf] lg/Gt/tfn] hgtf cflht eO;s]sf 5g\ . k|To]s
r9fOPsf] efg kg{] zAbx¿sf] ;+/rgf k'hfsf] ;fdu|L klg af]s/] leq l5/]+ . xf] eg] h;n] dfg{sf] nfuL cf1f lbof] kl/sf/ ag]/ . cfh b]jLsf] dlGb/df kl/jt{gn] hgtfnfO{{ Ao'eF mfPsf] 5 . Ao'l" emPsf hgtfnfO{{ sfd / dfd lbg] g]tT[ jsf]
x'g] cTofGt dgf]df]xs of] 7fpFdf cjtl/t /fd|f;] uF k'hf cfhf u/L sfnf] af]sf] p;}nfO{ eof] . o;sf/0f d}n] of] b]jL anL lbPsf] of] af]sf] slt :jflbnf] /x]5 ;w}" cefj /Xof] . k|To]s k6s gof"nfO{{ hgtfn] ;fy lbPsf 5g\ t/ Tof] gof" ;w}"
x'bF f x[bodf Ps k|sf/sf] cfgGb 5fPsf] af]s/] xfdL jwzfnf lt/ nfUof}+ . d}n] b]ptfsf] gfddf anL lbg] s'/fnfO{ ;fFrf] eGb} lha|f] k8\sfpFb} ;a} ‰jfd kf/] t/ k'/fg};u" /;ftndf 8'as ] f] Oltxf; xfdL;"u tfh} 5 . o:tf] cj:yfn] hgtfnfO{{
lyof] eg] stfstf O{iof klg nfu]/ lt alxgLnfO{ lgs} vf]h+] t/ dlGb/ / ;To xf] egL dfGg ;lSbg . dgf]sfdgf dnfO{ d]/f] sfnf] af]sf]sf] df;' vfg' d]/f] lg/fz agfp"b5 } . ljs[t k|jl[ QnfO{{ ;w}F oyf]lrt ;hfo lbg] s8f k|lt1f /fhgLltn]
cfpFYof] . olt ;'Gb/ 7fpF oxfF dfq} lsg kl/;/e/L sxL klg e]6g c;dy{ b]jL eGg' g} xfd|f] O{R5f k'lt{ ug]{ b]jL kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] df;' vfg' ;/x nfUof] u¥of] t/ dlNns cfof]usf k|ltj]bg, /fodfemL cfof]usf k|ltj]bgx¿ gfsfd
ePsf] xf]nf d]/f] b]zsf] ;a} lty{x?df ePsf]n] pgsf] k'hfsf] k|;fb lkmtf{ x'g t/ o;nfO{ unt cy{nufP/ o;/L To;}n] d p;sf] zf]sdf vfgf g} gvfO agfOP . v/fa k|jl[ Qn] ;hfo gkfpFbf c? w]/} ljs[ltx¿n] df}nfpg] ;'cj;/ k|fKt
olQs} /f}gs b[iox¿ b]Vg kfOg] eP d]/f] u/fpg ;lsg . b]jL b]ptfsf] dlGb/df /utsf] vf]nf] y'kS' s ;'t+ ] / eujfg;Fu p;sf] k/d ul//x]sf 5g\ . h;/L lah'nLsf] pHofnf]af6 hgtf al~rt 5g\ To;}u/L s[lqd
b]zsf] gfd cem} pRr x'gl] yof] xf]nf . jw ug{ Pshgf dflg;n] a9]dfsf] aufpg] k/Dk/fn] ubf{ g} xf]nf cfh ultsf] nfuL k|fyf{gf ul//x]+ . nf]8;]l8ªsf] df/df hgtf 5g\ . s[lqd nf]8;]l8ªsf] s'/f o;sf/0f ls
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lghL ljBfnosf ;d:of / ;dfwfg

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dflg;nfO{{ klg yfxf x'g] s'/f s] xf] eg] j}slNks pmhf{ ;fdu|L vktsf nflu
pko'St cj;/ t k|bfg u/]sf] xf]Og ljB't k|flws/0fn] -olb o:tf] gx'GYof] eg] jif{sf]
df]tL/fd Gof}kfg] ;'ljwf x'g,' -$_ alnof] k]zfut ;+u7gsf] ;+u7g xf] . o; ;+u7gn] klg k|efjsf/L lzIff lbP klg clxn] cfP/ pgLx¿aLr ;dodf @$ 306} lah'nL cfk"lt{ x'gk' Yof]{ . ljB't k|flws/0f olb b]z / hgtfk|lt
g]kfndf å}w lzIff k|0ffnL /x]sf] s'/f cefj, -%_ ckx]ngf . g]kfndf Pp6f ¿kdf sfd ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . Pp6f c:j:y k|lt:kwf{ x'g yfn]sf] 5 . oL pQ/bfoL 5 eg] nf]8;]l8ª x'g] k|lqmof s] -of] s;/L 36\5, s;/L a9\5 -;TotYo
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g]kfndf ;/sf/L / lghL ljBfno u/L j6f ju{ -;]S;g_ x'g; ] Ddsf lghL ljBfnosf lzIfsx¿n] cfˆgf dfux¿ yGSofP/ Jofkf/Ls/0fnfO{{ dnhn dfq k|flws/0f aGg a]/ 5}g . ljB't k|flws/0f lg/Gt/ gfkmfdf uPsf] ;+:yf klg xf] . Tof]
b'O{ lsl;dsf ljBfnox¿ 5g . ;/sf/L ljBfnox¿ 5g . sxLF, st} of]eGbf a9L ;zSt 9Ën] p7fpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . of] ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . /fHon] of] s'/fnfO{{ gfkmf gof" cfof]hgf ;~rfngsf nflu vlr{g] ls sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf ;'ljwfd} /sd
ljBfnox¿ ;/sf/L vr{df ;~rflnt kfOG5 . oL ljBfnox¿n] cleefjsaf6 tLtf] ;To xf] ls ha;Dd pgLx¿ Vofn ug{k' ¥of] lsgls lghL ljBfnosf] l;Wofpg] -;dod} of] ljifodf ;/sf/ / Joj:yfkg kIfn] Wofg lbg'k5{ . hnljB'tsf]
5g\ eg] lghL ljBfnox¿ ;]jfsf] gfddf dxFuf] z'Ns p7fp"5g\ t/ Toxf" sfd ug{] Pstfa4 x' " b } g g\ ta;Dd ;+Vof j[l4 u/L cfk"mn] s]xL /fh:j a9fP/ ;jfn d"ntM k|fs[lts ;fwg;|ft] ;"u k|ToIf¿kdf uf"l;Psf] ljifo xf] . k|sl[ taf6
Jofkf/ ug]{ p2]Zon] lglZrt JolSt jf lzIfsx¿sf] kfl/>lds eg] Psbd} yf]/} ;~rfnsx¿af6 zf]lift eO/xg]5g\ . dfq lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ j[l4 x'b" g} . of] t pkxf/sf ¿kdf a;]l{ g kfgLnfO{{ arfpg] 7"nf] sf/stTjsf ¿kdf hËn ;Dkbfn]
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ljBfnox¿af6 k"jk{ f| ylds txb]lv pRr kGw| ;o -b'O{ xhf/df b}lgs ^ 306f klg lghL ljBfnosf lzIfsx¿sf] Pp6f lzIfsx¿nfO{{ k];fk|lt pT;fx hufPdf sxfnLnfUbf] cj:yf xfdLn] kfp"5f}F . s'g} ;do …xl/of] jg g]kfnsf] wgÚ elgGYof] .
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5 . oL lghL ljBfnox¿n] w]/} a]/f]huf/ ljBfnosf lzIfsn] kfpg] dfl;s ckx] n gf ;/sf/L ljBfnosf lzIfsx¿ ;Gt'i6 gePdf pgLx¿n] ePsf 7"nf Pj+ sf7 k|hfltsf h+un tLj| ultdf ljgfz eO/x]sf] cj:yf 5 .
g]kfnLx¿nfO{{ yf]/} tna lbP/ eP klg tnasf] cfwf kfp"5g\ . ;/sf/L lzIfsx¿sf] klg ;d:of xf] . of] jf:tjdf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{{ s;/L ;Gt'li6 lbg ;fd'bflos jg eg]sf] g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ljZjs} gd'gf ePsf] t 5 t/ ;a} 7fp"df
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b]zsf nflu bIf hgzlSt tof/ kfg]{ la/n} e]l6G5g . tL ljBfnox¿ klg k];fk|lt g}/fZotf k}bf u/fpg] s'/f xf] lzIfs? Tolt g} a9L >dzf]if0fsf] df/df To;dfly klg To;sf] pkof]u ug{ c;Lldt clwsf/ klg ;d'bfonfO{{ lbFbf ;dfhsf
sfddf klg ;Sbf] ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . ljz]if u/]/ dfWolds txdf dfq ;Lldt lsgeg] h;n] b]zsf nflu cfjZos k5{g\ lsgeg] tL ljBfnodf ljBfyL{ ;+Vof d'¶Le/ x'gv ] fg] 6f7faf7f elgg]x¿sf] sAhfdf /fi6«sf] cyfx ;DklQ k/]sf] 5 .
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gfkmf sdfO/x]sf 5g\ . t/, oL ;d:of >dzf]if0f xf] . w]/h } ;f] lghL pHofnf]tkm{ 8f]¥ofp"5 ToxL ju{nfO{ xfd|f] kfl/>ldsdf w]/} kl/>d ug{ nufOG5 . 5g\ . cg'udg / lgoGq0fsf] lhDd]jf/L lnPsf] jg sfof{non] s] ub}5 { -hgtfnfO{{
ljBfnox¿df lzIf0f ug]{ lzIfs :6fkmsf ljBfnosf lzIfsx¿n] nuftf/ ;ft ;dfhdf ;Ddfg ul/Fbg} . Pp6} ufp"df o;}u/L /fHon] lghL ljBfnodf lzIff yfxf 5}g . hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu jg sfo{qmdsf sd{rf/Lx¿ ufp"df 5g\ t/
;d:ofx¿ eg] h:tfsf] t:t} x'G5 eGg] 306L k9fpg'{k5{ . cem sltko /x]sf] vl/bf/nfO{{ ;Ddfg ul/G5, pRr P]g / lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd pgLx¿n] s] sfd u5{g\ Tof] klg cgf}7f] ljifo alg/x]sf] 5 . olb ;Da4 kIfn]
s'/f xfdL ;a}nfO{{ cjut 5 . lzIfssf] ljBfnodf pgLx¿n] lgMz'Ns cltl/St :yfg lbOG5 t/ ToxL ufp"df /x]sf] lglZrt dfkb08sf cfwf/df lzIfs cg'udg / lgoGq0fsf] sfd k|efjsf/L 9Ën] u/]sf] eP s}of}F jgh+un cr]n phf8
bIftf, nugzLntf / ;dk{0fdf g} sIff ;~rfng ug{k' 5{ . o;/L lghL dfWolds txsf] ;/sf/L ljBfnosf] lgo'lSt ug],{ ;]jf, ;'ljwf lbg] sfo{nfO{ 8f"8fdf km]l/g] lyPgg\ . To;sf] HjnGt gd'gf lahf}/Lsf] dfGb|s ] f]6 ;fd'bflos jg
ljBfnosf] k|ult lge{/ x'G5 eGg] s'/fdf ljBfno ;~rfnsx¿n] gfkmfel/ cfk"mn] lzIfsnfO{{ vl/bf/nfO{e{ Gbf tNnf] :yfg s8fOsf ;fy nfu" ug{ pko'St sbd ag]sf] 5 . b"w/f;df aGb} u/]sf] l;d]G6 sDkgLsf nflu 9'u+ f Nofpg] af6f] lgdf{0fsf
s;}nfO{{ b'Od{ t gxf]nf t/ g]kfndf lghL lnO{ lzIfsx¿nfO{{ dl/d]6L sfddf lbOG5 of] xfdL ;a}n] b]v–] ef]us ] } s'/f rfNg'k5{ . lghL ljBfnonfO{{ Jojl:yt nflu s'g} ;DefJotf cWoogljgf lbPsf] cg'dltn] ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{{ em:sfPsf] 5 .
ljBfnox¿df lzIf0f ug]{ lzIfsx¿sf nufp"5g\ . s] of] >dzf]if0f xf]Og -yf]/} xf] . ;/sf/L ljBfnosf lzIfsx¿nfO{{ ug{] / o;sf lzIfsx¿nfO{{ pko'St ;]jf af6f] -b'O{ n]g_ vGbf ePsf] Iflt x]bf{ csNkgLo 5 . tL sfl6Psf sf7x¿ sxf" uP
kL8f / ;d:ofsf af/]df ;a}nfO{{ /fd|f;] u" ;]jf ;'ljwf klg lghL ljBfnosf t To:tf] :yfg lbOG5 eg] lghL ;'ljwf lbg 5'§} P]g / lgodfjnL agfO{ -s/f]8f}F d"No kg]{ sfi7 k}bfjf/ d'¶Le/ JolStx¿sf] lxtdf k|of]u ePsf] b]lvG5 eg]
hfgsf/L 5}g xf]nf . cfb/0fLo kf7sj[Gb, lzIfsx¿sf] Pp6f k|dv ' ;d:of xf] . ljBfnosf lzIfsx¿nfO{{ plrt ;Ddfg nfu" ug{kb{5 . csf]t{ km{ lghL ljBfnosf To;n] jftfj/0fdf s:tf] c;/ knf{ eGg] s;}n] ;f]rs ] f] b]lvGg . To;sf] lgodg ug]{
;/sf/L ljBfnodf lzIf0f ug]{ lzIfsx¿ elgG5 …ljbf clwsf/ xf]Og, ;x'lnot gug]{ s'g} c:jfefljs s'/f xf]Og . olt lzIfsx¿;d]t cfˆgf ;d:ofx¿ lgsfo s'g xf] -hgtfn] k|Zg ul//x]sf 5g\ . jg / e"–Ifo gx'g] u/L csf]{ 7fp"af6
/ lghL ljBfnox¿df lzIf0f ug]{ t xf]Ú . t/ oxL ;x'lnot klg lghL dfq xf] O g, ljBfnoleq klg x6fpg cfˆgf] clwsf/nfO{{ :yflkt ug{ af6f] vGg ;lsGYof] . Tolt 7"nf] jg / e"–Ifo ug]{ u/L af6f] vGg] :jLs[lt lbg]
lzIfsx¿sf] d]xgt / b'MvnfO{{ t'ngf ljBfnosf lzIfsx¿n] yf]/} kfp"5g\ . ;~rfnsx¿n] lzIfsnfO{{ 7f8f], cfb]zk"0f{ cfkm}F ;+ul7t x'g' h?/L 5 . lghL clwsf/ Tof] jg ;ldltnfO{{ s;n] lbof] . e"–Ifosf sf/0fn] kfgLsf d"n k'l/Fb5 } g\ .
ug{ ' x f] ; \ t . ca oL b' O { km/s a9'jf t emg\ …cfsfzsf] kmnÚ xf] . tna efiff k| o f] u ub{ 5 g\ . pgLx¿n] ljBfnosf lzIfsx¿n] Pp6f alnof] vfg]kfgL / l;+rfOsf nflu dfgk'/ / lahf}/Lsf cfwf–cfwf efu phf8 e"lddf
ljBfnox¿sf lzIfsx¿sf] tnj / ;]jf j[l4 t ;~rfnsx¿n] PstkmL{ 9Ën] lzIfsx¿sf] of]Uotf / bIftfsf] sb/ ;+u7g lgdf{0f ug]{ cfjZos 5 / pSt km]l/g] lglZrt 5 . l5NnLsf]6 k'Ug] af6f] :ofnfkfgLaf6 alg;s]sf] cj:yfdf
;'ljwfnfO{{ t'ngf ug{;' \ . tkfO{x+ ¿nfO{{ ub{5g\ . ToxL klg ;DejtM z'Ns j[l4 ug}g{ g\ . s] o:tf] Jojxf/ ckx]ngf xf]Og ;+u7gsf] dfWodaf6 cfˆgf clwsf/sf dfGb|s] f]6af6 lsg agfOPsf] xf] -lahf}/L / dfgk'/sf hgtfn] ef]Ug] c;/af6 s'g} g
cjZo klg gld7f] dx;'; x'g5 ] . ePsf] a]nf dfq x'G5 . hxf" sfd ug{] / -dfly j0f{g ul/Psf s'/fx¿n] lghL nflu ;zSt 9Ën] ;+3if{ ug'{ clt s'g} ¿kdf l;Ëf] bfªjf;L k|efljt x'g' clgjfo{ 5 . xfdL ;+jb] gzLn x'g] ls gx'g] -
b'Mvrflx" a9L kmnrflx" sDtLdf klg ;d"xaLr Pstf x'b" g} , pgLx¿sf] Pp6f ljBfnosf lzIfsx¿sf k| d ' v cfjZos 5 . To;}u/L cfdhg;d'bfon] ef]lnsf nflu xfdL uDeL/ aGg] ls gaGg]_ hgtf cfkm}F ;r]t aGg] ls gaGg] -
cfwfsf] km/s x'bF f s;sf] dg gb'Vnf / alnof] ;+u7g x'b" g} Toxf" a9L ;d:ofx¿ ;d:ofxnfO{{ em:sfp"5g\ . pgLx¿sf cGo /fi6«lgdf{0fsf nflu hgzlSt pTkfbg k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx¿ w]/} 5g\ . tL ;Dkbfx¿ ;+/If0fsf] kvf{Odf 5g\ . jgsf] cj:yf
-dfly pNn]lvt t'ngfn] t lghL x'G5g\, zf]if0f x'G5 . o;n] …efO km'6] uFjf/ kL8f / ;d:ofx¿ t w]/} 5g\ . t;y{ ug],{ cGwsf/ x6fpg] lzIfsh:tf] ju{nfO{ o:tf] 5 eg] df6f]sf] cj:yf klg lrGtfhgs 5 . vf]nfsf afn'jf pAhfp e"lddf
ljBfnosf lzIfsx¿sf Ps b'Oj{ 6f n'6Ú] pvfg;"u d]n vfG5 . alnof] pgLx¿sf ;d:ofx¿nfO{{ lg/fs/0f ug{ ;sf/fTds b[li6sf]0fn] x]g'{kg]{ / y'kfb}{ cfsif{0f lj1fkg ub}{ 3/38]/L d'¶Le/ e"dflkmofn] ;f]emfl;wf hgtfnfO{{
;d:ofx¿nfO{{ dfq k|ltljlDat ub{5g\ . k];fut ;+u7gsf] cefj lghL ljBfnosf d'VotofM /fHo, pgLx¿ :jo+ / pgLx¿nfO{{ plrt ;Ddfg ug{ l;Sg'kg]{ 7Ub}5g\ . sxf" j:tL a;fpg], sxf" v]tLof]Uo hldg /fVg] -To;sf] lgodg ug{] lgsfo
ulxl/P/ cWoog ug]{ xf] eg] lghL lzIfsx¿sf] k|dv ' ;d:of xf] . s]xL jif{ cfdhg;d'bfo lhDd]jf/ aGg}k5{ . b]lvG5 . cGoyf cfkm}nF ] lzIfsx¿nfO{{ dfnkf]t sfof{non] Wofg k'¥ofpg g;s]sf] rf}tkmL{ cg'ej ul/Fb5 } . olb sfg'gsf]
ljBfnosf lzIfsx¿sf lgDg k|dv ' cufl8 dfq} gfd ;'lgPsf] …O:6'Ú gfds /fHon] Rofp pld|Ph:t} al9/x]sf lghL k];fk|lt c;Gt'i6 agfO{ tL lzIfsx¿af6 cefj 5 eg] /fHo sf]ifaf6 tna vfPsf sd{rf/Ln] /fhgLlts g]tT[ jnfO{{ 3R3Rofpg'
;d:ofx¿ /x]sf 5g\ – -!_ yf]/} ;+ u 7g dfq lghL ljBfnosf ljBfno vf]Ng] cg'dlt lbg /f]Sg'k5{ . b]z lgdf{0fsf nflu /fd|f] hgzlSt h?/L 5 . :yfoL ;/sf/sf] ¿kdf :jLsfl/Psf] sd{rf/LtGqn] cfˆgf] e"ldsf
kfl/>lds, -@_ >dzf]if0f, -#_ yf]/} ;]jf lzIfsx¿sf kIfdf cfjfh p7fpg] ;'?df lghL ljBfnox¿n] u'0f:t/Lo pTkfbg xf];\ egL cfzf ug'{ a]y{ x'g5 ] . k|efjsf/L agfpg ;s] dfq xfd|f] eljio ;'/lIft x'g5 ] .
 7 /fatOfc t]u ^ tr} nf; &^)@
ˆ 5fglagsf nflu ;fj{hlgs vl/b ofbjsf] gfddf ( nfv *% xhf/, a'waf/sf] km};nfdf elgPsf] 5– …?= s/sf] zxL zb'kof]u eP gePsf] aGg cfj:os 5, b]z tyf hgtfsf]
cj}w=== cg' u dg sfof{ n osf ;lrj nlntf ;fxsf] gfddf ( nfv *% xhf/, @,)#,)%,^$&.&$ a/fa/sf] ;DklQ x]g{ lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] dfxfn]vf nfuL yf]/} dfq ePklg ;f]Rg cfj:os
x'G5 . clg dx+uf kf6k"hf{ lgsfn]kl5 cjlgGb|sd ' f/ >]i7sf] ;+of]hsTjdf lzj/fd ofbjsf] gfddf ( nfv *% lr/~hLjL jfUn]n] u}/sfg"gL ¿kdf k/LIfssf] :yfg ;d]t vfnL agfP/ 5, hgtfnfO{ x/fP/, b]znfO{ x/fP/
a]jfl/;] h:tf ag]sf uf8L /fh:j ul7t ;ldltn] xfn} sf/afxLsf] xhf/ lzjrGb| ld>sf] gfddf ( nfv cfh{ g u/L cfˆgf 5f] / f b] j ] G b| cfk\ m gf] n' 6 nfO{ lgjf{ w ¿kdf s;}n] hLTg ;Sb}g eGg] ;TonfO{
sfof{nodf lhDdf nufOG5 . l;kmfl/;;lxt k|ltjb]g a'emfPsf *% xhf/, nIdLs'df/L rf}w/Lsf] gfddf jfUn]sf gfddf /fvL e|i6rf/ lgjf/0f rnfO{/x]sf 5g\ . cGoyf dfxfn]vf cfTd;fy ug{ cfj:os 5 . ;+ljwfg
dxTjk"0f{ kf6k"hf{ gePsf uf8Lx¿ lyP . ;/sf/n] ;'8fgl:yt zflGt ( nfv *% xhf/ / ;ef;b\ /d0fLb]jL P]g, @)%( sf] bkmf @) sf] pkbkmf k/LIfssf] kb vfnL ePsf] kfFr a;{ lgdf{0f, ;]gf;dfof]hg tyf k'g:{ yfkgf
a]jfl/;] cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf] eGb} ToxL ld;gsf k|x/Lsf nflu $% s/f]8 ?k}ofF /fdsf] gfddf ( nfv *% xhf/ ¿k}ofF -!_ cGtu{tsf] s;'/ u/]sf] b]lvof] . k'Ug nfUbf ;d]t s]xL yfxf gkfP em} ;xLt zflGtk|so[ fsf] ;fy{s lg:s;{
cg';f/sf] d'rN' sf p7fO{ sfof{nodf a/fa/sf] ;fdfg vl/bdf Jofks a]?h' /x]sf] 5 . ut cfly{s jif{df ;f] b]lvgfn] ;|ft] v'ns
] f] ;DklQafx]s sfgdf t]n xfn]/ kSs} a:b}gy] . tyf /fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g;{ /+ rgf eg]sf
a'emfpg] ul/G5 . h;df ;z:q k|x/L clgoldttf ePsf] sf08df ;ldltn] ;+;bLo ljsf;sf nflu cfPsf ah]6 b]j]Gb| jfUn]sf] gfdsf] ;Dk"0f{ a}+s e|:6frf/, sdL;gvf]/ tyf Aofks b'/ufdL dxTj /fVg] s'/fx¿ x'g\,
g]kfn k|x/L 6«flkms k|x/L cu|kS+ tLdf bf]ifL 7x/ u/]sf JolStx?nfO{ sf/jfxL ;ef;b\n] cf–cfˆgf] If]qsf] ljsf;sf df}HbftdWo] ?= !,(),)%,^$&.&$ clgodLttfnfO{ g} nf]stGqsf] b]g cfhsf] ef]nL g} ;a} 7Ls7fs x'bg} ,
/x]sf] /fh:j sfof{no kyn}of af/fsf ug{ clVtof/nfO{ ;/sf/n] l;kmfl/; nflu ljleGg pkef]Stf ;ldltdfkm{t\ lgh b]j]Gb| jfUn]sf gfdsf] o'lgs dfGg] tyf cfk'mnfO{ Tof] n'6 tGqsf] kof{Kt ax;, 5nkmn u/L ;'ema'emsf
Ps clws[tn] gfd gatfpg] ;t{df t u/]sf] 5 . t/ sf/jfxL x'g] ;Defjgf vr{ ug{ nufPsf] eP klg cfly{s jif{ Ps]8]lds af]l8{ª :s'n, /Tggu/ a}wfgLs dflns 7fGg]x¿n] cVtLof/ ;fy ;xdtLdf 6'U+ ofpg' kg]{ la;o j:t'
atfP . sfof{nodf xfn} gofF 6]G8/ eg] sd b]lvG5 . kb, zlSt / k};fsf] ;DkGg ePsf] dlxgf}F lalt;Sbf klg lrtjg tyf cf]/n P8\e/6fOh b' ¿ kof] u cg' ; Gwfg cfof] u nfO{ ePsf sf/0f ;do nfU5, ;dof nfUof]
cfJxfg u/]dWo] pSt 6]G8/ k|lqmofdf e/df rf]lvg]x?sf] eL8 klg oxfF w]/} pgLx¿n] xfn;Dd klg lhlj; ;Kt/Ldf Ph]G;Ldf /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ z]o/ nufgL dha't agfpg] s'/f ;f]Rg ;Sg] s'/} eGbf klg hgtfn] a'em\ nfg, laZjf;
;]G6«f] sf/ an]/f] / dfz{ hLk nufot 5, To;}n] klg sf/jfxL x'g] ;Defjgf cfP/ of]hgf km/kmf/s u/fPsf 5}gg\ . / b]j]Gb| jfUn]s} gfddf /x]sf] ;jf/L ePg . ToxL sf/0f x'g ;S5 cVtLof/ unf{ g \ . t/ ;fdfGo ;xdtLdf
!! j6f ;fgf uf8Lx¿sf] ;"rgf sd b]lvPsf] xf] . ;+;b\sf] /fHo Joj:yf o; ;DaGwdf lhlj;n] pgLx¿nfO{{ ;fwg -af=# r %%(! g+= sf] dfl6{h b' ¿ kof] u cg' ; Gwfg cfof] u cfof]ux¿sf cfo'Qm tf]Sg], ltgLx¿df
lgsflnPsf] 5 . h;dWo] # j6f uf8Lsf] ;ldltn] ;'8fg 3f]6fnfdf 5fglag ug{ k6s–k6s kqfrf/ u/] klg a]?h' uf8L_ ;d]tsf] rncrn ;DklQ / kbfwLsf/LaLxLg vfnL ePsf] 5 . cfj:os hgzQmL yk u/L dhj't
dxTjk"0f{ kf6k'hf{ nufot 9f]sf ;d]t ul7t pk;ldltn] $% s/f]8sf] ;fdfg km5\of}6{ x'g g;s]sf] lhNnf ljsf; ;f]af6 a9] a9fPsf] ;DklQ;d]t cGoyf e|:6rf/, clgodLttf cyjf agfpg] tyf ltgLx¿nfO{ lgjf{w sfd
5}g . lnnfdL k|lqmofdf /x]sf uf8Lsf] vl/bdf sl/a #! s/f]8 ?k}ofF e|i6frf/ ;ldlt ;Kt/Lsf n]vf zfvfn] hgfPsf] hkmt x'g] cj:yf b]lvg cfof] .Ú sdLzgsf] v]n dfyL c+s'; nufpg] ug]{ jftfa/0f ;d]t of] b]zsf g]tfx¿n]
ahf/ efp !% b]lv #) nfv ¿k}of ePsf] 7x/ ub}{ 7]Ssf k|lqmof / 5 . lgodfg';f/ cfly{s jif{sf] cGTod} To;}u/L ljz]if cbfntn] u/]sf] tyf ck/fwLnfO{ sfo{ j fxL ug] { agfpg ;Sb}gg\ eg] hgtfn] g]tf
kg{ ePklg d'Nofs+g ;ldltn] uf8Lsf] ;fdfgsf] e'StfgLdf ;+nUg g]kfn pgLx¿nfO{{ sfo{;Dkfbg k|ltj]bg of]hgf km};nfnfO{{ s]xL ;+zf]wg ub}{ ;jf]{Rr cVtLof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u snafu dfGg] < lsg dfGg] < s'g}
cj:yf x]/L % b]lv !! nfv;Dd d"No k| x /Lsf jt{ d fg / x:tfGt/0f of] h gf km/kmf/s / cbfntn] lr/~hLjL jfUn] s f kbfwLsf/L aLxLg ePsf] Psa;{ /fhgLlts kf6L{nfO{ laZjf; lsg ug]{ <
tf]ss] f] 5 . k"jd{ xflg/LIfsnufotsf clwsf/LnfO{ ;fj{hlgs n]vf k/LIf0f u/fO{ k]:sL ;DaGwdf cfˆgf] km};nfdf eg]sf] 5– gfl3;Sbf ;d] t olt r} g ;+ u ;bfrf/ k4tL tyf e|f:6frf/ lgoGq0f
ljb]lzg]=== sf/afxLsf] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 . zflGt k5\of}6{ ug{k' g]{ k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . …lr/~hLjL jfUn]nfO{{ ljz]if cbfnt a:b}gy] . a? oLgnfO{ csf]{ 8/ x'g ug] { lgsfox¿df, ;d] t bnLo
;ft dlxgfdf hfg] ljBfyL{af6 $ ld;gsf nflu vl/b ul/Psf ;fdfg sf7df8f}aF f6 7x/ ePsf] lauf]sf] c+s ;S5 sL cVtLof/ b' ¿ kof] u efuj08f tyf cfk\mgf dfG5] lgo'QmL
s/f]8 ^# nfv &) xhf/ ?k}ofF /fh:j sfd gnfUg] ePsfn] /fi6«;+3n] ;"rgf=== km/s kg]{ b]lvPsf] l:yltdf ;DklQsf] cg';Gwfg cfof]udf cfo'Qm lgo'Qm u/LG5 eg] ltgn] s:tf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg
hDdf ePsf] lyof] eg] o; jif{ ! s/f]8 ;'8fgl:yt k|x/Lsf] ld;gnfO{ a]sfd] o; ljifodf tkfO{n + fO{ s] hfgsf/L 5 lauf]cg';f/ b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b / x'gf;fy xfdLnfO{ g} ;'?d} 8fDg] kf] unf{g\ < cfk'mnfO{ ;8saf6 6kSs
$( nfv $@ xhf/ ?k}ofF dfq hDdf 3f]if0ff u/L kmsf{pg] r]tfjgL;d]t egL lh1f;f /fVbf k|jQmf l3ld/]n] hl/jfgf u/L cfh{g u/]sf] u}/sfg'gL xf] sL < cGoyf b]z tyf hgtfsf] 6Lk]/ ;DaGwLt kf]hLzgdf la/fhdfg
ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL ljBfyL{x? ljleGg lbO;s]sf] 5 . tTsfnLg u[xdGqL tyf o;af/]df cfk"mn] klqsfdfkm{t\ ;fdfGo ;DklQ hkmt ul/g]5 eGg];d]t gfddf /fhgLlt ug]x{ ¿ o;/L lg:k|f0f u/fOlbg] eujfgx¿sf uNtL lgtsf
$% d'ns ' df j}bl] zs cWoogsf nflu g]kfnL sfFu;] | sf g]tf s[i0fk|;fb l;6f}nf, hfgsf/L kfP klg To;eGbf a9L yfxf pNn] v ePsf] b] l vG5 . of] jf lghL{j a:t'sf] em} s]xL dx;'; g} cfFvfn] b]Vnf < s]xL 7Dofpnf t <
hfg] u/]sf] tYof+s dGqfno;Fu 5 . tTsfnLg u[x;lrj pd]z d}gfnL, gePsf] atfP . ;"rgf k|ljlw s]Gb|leq ljZn]if0fadf]lhd s]xL 36\g hfg] eO{ gu/L kSs} a:b}gy] . lgjf{rg cfof]u o;/L lgo'QmL u/LPsf cyjf bnLo
cfj @)^$÷^% df c:6«l] nof hfg] tTsfnLg k|x/L dxflg/LIfs cf]dljqmd e|i6frf/ ePsf] klqsfdf 5flkPsf] /x]5, ?= @,)#,)%,^$&.&$ dfq lauf] tyf nf]s;]jf cfof]u 6'x'/f ePsf] efua08f cGtu{t sf]6fdf k/]sfx¿n]
ljBfyL{sf] rfk pRr /x] klg c:6«l] nof /f0ff, k"j{cfO{hL Zofdl;+x yfkf, o; ljifodf dGqfnodf ;fdfGo 5nkmn sfod x'g] b]lvPsf]n] ;f] lauf] hkmt klg a;{lbg gf3L;Sof] . :jtGqtfk'js { cfk\mgf] hLDd]jf/L axg
;/sf/n] le;f k|lqmofdf s8fO u/]kl5 bLksl;+ x yfªb] g , k" j { 8 LcfOhL ePsf] lyof] . To;eGbf a9L cfk"mnfO{ eO{ lauf]adf]lhd hl/jfgf / ;f]xL hgtfsf ;/f]sf/, rf;f] tyf ug{ ;Snfg\ t < of] kWbtLaf6 l6sf]
ljBfyL{ x ? PSsfl; a] n fotlt/ bLkss'df/ >]i7, /d]zljqmd zfx, s]xL yfxf gePsf] k|jQmfsf] egfO 5 . lauf] tyf hl/jfgfsf] c+ s sf] ;]jf;+u k|tIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;Dk'0f{ nufP/ lgo'QmL u/]sf] nf]s;]jf
cfslif{t ePsf lyP . a]nfotn] klg P;P;kL /ljk|tfk /f0ff, P;kL dgf]h o;} l;nl;nfdf k|jQmf l3ld/]nfO{ ;"rgf cfwf/df ljrf/ ubf{ s}bsf] xsdf ;+aw} fgLs cfof]ux¿ lasnfFu+ ePsf cfof]usf] sd{rf/Ln] s:tf] sfo{
ljb]zL ljBfyL{sf nflu le;f k|lqmofdf Gof}kfg]nufot g]kfn k|x/Lsf #^ hgf k|ljlw s]Gb|n] l;+xb/af/leq P8LaLsf] klg Gofof]lrt ¿kn] x]l/Fbf km/s 5g\ . hg;/f]sf/sf cTofGt dxTjk'0f{ ;Dkbfg unf{ < /fHosf dxTjk'0f{
s8fO ub} { nu] k l5 lxhf] c fh clwsf/L d' l 5Psf 5g\ . ;' 8 fg ;xof]udf lj:tf/ ug{ nfu]sf] ;"rgf ul/g' pko'St b]lvPsf]n] e|i6rf/ ;+aw} fgLs c+ux¿ ;n{Ss} vfnL tyf lgsfox¿df s:tf dflg;x¿n] c8\8f
ljBfyL{x?sf] Wofg ef/ttkm{ df]l8Psf] 3f] 6 fnfdf lhDd] j f/ 7x/fOPsf ;~hfndf klg e|i6frf/ ePsf] va/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)%( sf] bkmf @) sf] lgsDdf ePs} sf/0f b]z c;kmn hdfpnfg\ < o;/L :yflkt u/]sf]
5 . ef/t hfg] ljBfyL{n] dGqfnoaf6 clwsf/Lx?af6 klg km/s–km/s 5, ;~hfn lj:tf/ sxfF k'Uof] / slt pkbkmf @ adf]lhd ! jif{ s}b tyf /fi6«pGd'v e}/x]sf] 5 . cGo t cGo dfxfn]vfk/LIfsn] cfk\mgf] st{Ao k'/f
cg'dlt lng' gkg]{ ePsfn] dGqfnodf wf/0ff cfPsf] 5 . ljefuLo k|dv ' nfO{ k|ult eof] s]xL hfgsf/L 5 egL bkmf @$ adf]lhd yk 5 dlxgf;Dd g} eP sDtLdf sfo{ k fnLsf, unf{ < hgtfn] ltgnfO{ laZjf; unf{g\ <
cflwsfl/s tYof+s 5}g . Ps z}lIfs hlt;'s} /sdsf] klg 7]Ssf ;b/ ug{] lh1f;f /fVbf pgn] eg] P8LaLsf] s}b ug{ dgfl;j x'g cfpg] eO{ hDdf GofokfnLsf tyf Aoj:yfkLsf cyjf k}bn lx8\g] 9+u gePsfn] hfxfh
k/fdz{ Joj;foLsf cg';f/ o; jif{ clwsf/ /x]sf] eGb} ;ldltn] tTsfnLg ;xof]udf l;+xb/af/leq ;"rgf ;~hfn ! jif{ ^ dlxgf s}b x'g] b]lvof] .Ú k|dv ' x¿n] of] la;odf Wofg lbg' kg]{ p8fpnfg\ t < bIftf, tyf Ifdtfsf]
pRr lzIffsf nflu sl/a #) xhf/ dxflg/LIfs cf] d ljqmd /f0ffsf] lj:tf/sf] sfo{ s f] ;Dk" 0 f{ sfo{ jfUn]n] pSt hl/jfgf a'emfP afFsL xf] sL xf]Og< ;+;bLo ;dLtL s] u/L sb/ ug]{ tyf of]UonfO{ lgo'QmL ug]{
ljBfyL{ ef/t uPsf] cg'dfg 5 . cGo g]tT[ jsf a]nf ;fdu|L vl/b ul/Psf] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{noaf6 x'g] ePsf]n] h]yf hdfgt km's'jf ul/lbg / a:b} 5 < ;+;bLo ;dLtL klg ;8]s} k/Lkf6L eTsfpb} cyjf lawLsf]
b]zdf hfg] ljBfyL{sf] ;+Vofdf sdL / sNof0fsf/L sf]if ;~rfns ;ldltsf To; ljifodf dGqfnonfO{ s'g} hfgsf/L ga'emfP o; cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ubf{ xf] t < cVtLof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg zf;gsf] nf;dfyL r9]/ :yfkLt ul/g]
cfP klg lrlsT;f lj1fg -d]l8sn a}7ssf lg0f{ox? ;b/ u/]sfdf pgnfO{ gx'g] atfP .Æ /fv] s f] h] y f hdfgt ;d] t af6 cfof]u, lgjf{rg cfof]u, nf]s;]jf kf/Lkf6L ;d]t lawLs} zf;g xf] t <
;fOG;_ cWoog ug{ hfg] ljBfyL{sf] d'Vo bf]ifL 7x/ u/]sf] 5 . t/, pgn] /fli6«o ;"rgf k|ljlwleq e|i6frf/ sfg'gadf]lhd c;'n pk/ ug{ h]yf cfof]u tyf dfxfn]vf k/LIfs u/L hgtfn] rfx]sf] oxL xf] t < hgrfxfgf
;+Vofdf sdL cfPsf] 5}g . a;]l{ g sl/a cfk"mkl5sf clwsf/Lx?nfO{ bf]iff/f]k0f ePsf] ;dfrf/x¿ cfO/xg' / ToxfFleq hdfgtsf] ljj/0f sf7df8f}F lhNnf ;Dk'0f{ cfof]ux¿ a]xf]; cj:yfdf tyf b]zsf] cfj:ostf s] xf] <
! xhf/ ljBfyL{ lrlsT;f lj1fg cWoog u/] s f 5g\ . tTsfnLg u[ x dGqL ePsf clgoldttf / e|i6frf/sf] cbfntdf nut /fVg ;jf]R{ rn] eg]sf] 5g\ , 56k6fpg ;d] t g;Sg] /fhgLlts g]tT[ jn] cfkm};u+ ;f]Wg
ug{ rLg hfg] u/]sf] tYof+s pgn] s[i0fk|;fb l;6f}nfn] 3f]6nfdf cfˆgf] ljifodf 5fglag ug{ dGqfno / 5 . cbfntn] jfUn]kq' b]jG] b| jfUn]sf cj:yfdf 5g\ eg] s;/L :yfkLt x'G5 cfj:os 5 . b]z To;} c;kmn e};s]sf]
k|:t't u/] . ;/b/ dfl;s ! ;o ;+nUgtf :jLsf/]sf 5}gg\ . pgn] k|wfgdGqL sfof{no;d]t pbf;Lg x'gn' ] gfddf /x]sf] * nfv d"Nosf] af=# lawLsf] zf;g < s;/L x'G5 sfg'gL 5, 3f];0ff x'g dfq afFsL 5 . To;sf/0f
ljBfyL{n] rLg hfg] cg'dlt lng] u/]sf ld;gdf ;fdfgx? vl/b ubf{ s'g} klg st} s]Gb|leqsf sd{rf/Ln] eg]h:t} r %%(! g+= sf] dfl6{h uf8L nLnfd /fh < s;/L x'G5 /fHo b]z tyf ca gf}6s + L ug]{ ;do 5}g .
5g\ . z}lIfs k/fdz{ Joj;foLsf cg';f/ ljifodf cˆgf] :t/df hfgsf/L gePsf] ToxfFleq x'g] x/]s e|i6frf/ / sld;gsf] laqmL ug{ eg]sf] 5 . To;}u/L b]j]Gb| hgtfk|lt hjfkmb]xL < s;/L x'G5 b]zsf] l:ylt otL gfh's aGbf ;d]t
lrlsT;f lj1fg cWoog ug{ rLg hfg] atfPsf 5g\ . @* dlxgf u[xdGqL v]ndf k|wfgdGqL sfof{no / dGqfnosf jfUn] s f gfddf /x] s f] cf] / n /fHo hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL < ;+ljwfg gfu/Ls ;dfh tyf laeLGg k]zfut
ljBfyL{n] @) b]lv @% nfv ?k}ofF vr{ ePsf l;6f}nfn] g} kmfOn ;b/ gu/L pRr txsf sd{rf/L ;+nUg t 5}gg\ < P8\e/6fOh Ph]G;Lsf] ! nfvsf] z]o/ ;dodf agfpg ;s]gg\, kl5 yk ;+3 ;+:yf r'krfk /xg'n] ;d:ofsf]
ug{k' g]{ cj:yf 5 . g]kfndf ;Lldt k|lqmof cl3 a9\g] sfg'gL Joj:yf 5 . eGg] uDeL/ k|Zg p7]sf] 5 . b]zsf] nufgL, o'lgs Ps]8l] ds af]l8{ª :s'n u/LPsf] DofbL Ps a;{ ;d]t ;lsg ufDeLo{tf s;}n] klg ga'em]sf] h:tf]
d]l8sn sn]hsf sf/0f ljBfyL{ rLg l;6f}nfn] ;fdfg vl/b ug]{ / k'¥ofpg] k|zf;g rNg] d'6l' eq ePsf clgoldttf / /Tggu/ lrtjgsf] rf/ nfvsf] nfUof] t/ ;+ljwfg aGg] s'g} ;+efjgf cfef; e};/x]sf] 5 . gfu/Ls ;dfh
hfg] u/]sf] Joj;foL atfpF5g\ . cGo ljifodf dGqfnosf] s] e"ldsf /xG5 e|i6frf/sf] ;dfrf/ cfO/xFbf To;dfly z]o/ nufgL klg hkmt ug{ eg]sf] 5} g . ;] g f;dfof] h g ;xLt tyf ekef]Qmf dfxf;+3 cfGbf]ngsf]
d'ns ' df eGbf rLgdf of] ljifosf] cWoog eGg] ;DaGwdf cfk"mnfO{ yfxf gePsf] ;DalGwt lgsfon] a]jf:tf u/]kl5 5 . To:t} jfUn] k'qsf gfddf ljleGg zflGtk|s[ofnfO{ tfsL{s lg:s;{df g]tT[ j ub}{ Aofks bjfj tyf va/bf/L
;:tf] /x]sf]n] klg jflif{s sl/a ! xhf/ / sfg'gL ?kdf k|x/L k|dv ' nfO{ g} clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u, a}+sx¿df /x]sf] ! s/f]8 (! nfv k'/o\ fpg ;s]gg\, xhf/f} hgd'QmL;]gf ug'{ kg]d{ f ;a} d:tlgGb|fdf ePsf]
ljBfyL{x? lghL vr{df rLg hfg] u/]sf] clwsf/ /x]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . tTsfnLg ;fj{hlgs n]vf;ldlt / /fli6«o ;ts{tf *# xhf/ ! ;o $*¿k}ofF #! k};f s}bLsf] hLjg latfO/x]sf 5g\ . cfef; e}/xg' ;'vb nIo0f x}g .
dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . u[x;lrj pd]z d}gfnLn] eg] kmf];a| s ' s]Gb| tfltg'kg]{ xf]Og / < o; k|Zgsf] df}HbftdWo] ;|ft] gv'ns ] f] ?=! s/f]8 /fHosf] k'g{;+/rgf 5]kf/fsf] pvfg nf]stGqdf laZjf; ug]x{ ¿, lawLsf]
u[x=== nf]gsf] Pp6f sfg'g x'g] / kmf];a| s
nf]g eg]/ e'StfgL cfkm}F hfg] ljifo
' hjfkmsf] nflu xfdL vf]hd"ns 9Ën]
nflu/x]sf 5f}F .
() nfv % xhf/ ^ ;o $& ¿k}ofF
&$ k};f lr/~hLjL jfUn]n] u}/sfg'gL
a/fa/ e};Sof] . ;+;bsf] Pp6f
;dLtLn] tof/ u/]/ k]z u/L;s]sf]
zf;g tyf ;dfhdf :yL/tf, zflGt
tyf cdgr}g rfxfg]x¿ ;8sdf emg{
dGqL 5gf]6 ug{ ;s]g . Pdfn] cWoIf
gePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . d}gfnLn] ¿kdf cfh{g u/L 5f]/fsf gfddf k'g; { /+ rgfsf] vfsf ;d]t Tofu]/ k'g 9Lnf e};s]sf] 5 . ca ;a} hgtf k|:6
vgfn ut df3 @) ut] k|wfgdGqLdf
lgjf{lrt eP klg ;/sf/n] cem} k"0f{tf ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]gcg';f/ ;fdfg jt{dfg=== /fv] s f] eGb} hkmt ug{ ljz] i f csf]{ cfof]u agfpg' kg]{ tyf cfof]u x'g h?/L 5 sL r'krfk a;]/ ;d:of
kfpg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . Pdfn]sf tkm{af6 :jLsf/ u/]sfn] ;fdfgsf] u'0f:t/ g]tfx¿nfO{ dfq xf]Og t/fO{sf e"ldut cbfntsf] km};nfnfO{{ ;fdfGo ;+zf]wg egLPsfn] /fHok'g{;+/rgfsf] vfsf ;dfwfg x'bg} . r'krfk s'g} AoQmL jf
lji0f' kf}8n] , e/tdf]xg clwsf/L / k/LIf0f gu/L clGtd e'StfgL lbg gkfOg] ;z:q ;d"xsf gfOs]x¿nfO{ klg u/]sf] 5 . agfpg' kg]{ eGg] /f]bg obfsbf ;'gLg zQmLsf] k5f8L nfu]/ klg ;d:of
pgsf] egfO 5 . o;/L ;'8fg 3f]6fnfsf af] n fPsf] 5 . ef/tn] g] k fndf yfn]sf] 5 . of] eGbf larLqsf] gf}6s + L ;dfwfg x'bg} . /fhgLlts g]tT[ jnfO{
u+ufnfn t'nfw/ dfq dGqL x'gx' G' 5 .
;Qf ;fem] b f/ dfcf] j fbL;F u sf] bf]ifLx?n] Pscsf{n ] fO{ cf/f]k nufpg] cl:y/tf sfod u/L jt{ d fg /fHo=== c? s] x'G5 < ePsf cfof]ux¿ ;d]t Aofks bjfjsf] cfj:ostf 5, Aofks
;xdltcg';f/ Pdfn]n] cem} kfFrhgf qmd hf/L /x]sf]n] bf]ifLnfO{ sf/jfxL ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ c;kmn agfpg] / slxNo} gyfSg] clja]sL tyf :jfyL{ ;a} c:tAo:t 5g\, nyfnL+u tyf vj/bf/L cfj:os 5 . b]zsf] of]
dGqLx¿sf] 6'Ëf] nufpg] 5 . o;}aLr ;/sf/n] 7"n} s;/t ug{k' g]{ b]lvG5 . g]kfndf gofF ;+ljwfg hf/L x'g glbg] /fhgLlts g]t[Tj g} xf] . /fhgLlts etfe'+u 5g\ hgzQmL;'Go 5g\ eg] cj:yf ePsf] /fhgLlts g]tT[ js}
Pdfn]sf] ;DkGg a}7sn] kf6L{ cWoIf @)^$ ;fndf ePsf] 3f]6fnf sf08sf v]ndf nfu]sf] 5 . o;sf] :ki6 k|df0f g]t[Tj laj]sxLg x'gfsf] rsf]{d'No ca csf]{ cfof]u agfP/ sfd ug'k{ 5{ sf/0fn] xf] . ug'k{ g]{ s'g} sfd ePsf
emngfy vgfn g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/nfO{ g} bf]ifLnfO{ clxn];Dd sf/jfxL ug{ g;Sg' ljlslnS;n] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] b:tfj]h g]kfnL hgtfx¿n] r'sfpg' k/L/x]sf] eGg'sf] ;f]emf] cy{ /fHosf] k'g;{ /+ rgf 5}gg\, hgtfn] kfpg'kg]{ clwsf/, /fxft
/fli6«o ;/sf/sf] ?k lbg kxn ug{] b'MvbfoL xf] . o;sf] lhDdf kfPsf] klg xf] . ljlslnS;n] ;fj{hlgs 5 . ;fgftLgf ;kmntfsf h; cfk'mn] gug]{ eGg] g} xf] . afx|a;{sf] hgo'4 tyf ;'lawf s]xL kfPsf 5}gg\, /fhgLlt
lg0f{o ub}{ jl/i7 g]tf dfwj g]kfnnsf] clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] u/]sf] b:tfj]hdf ef/tn] g]kfndf lng d/LxQ] ug]{ /fhgLlt1x¿ oL tyf To;sf] hudf rn] s f] ck/fwLs/0f eP em} ;'/Iff;+oGq ;d]t
;+of]hsTjdf kfFr ;b:oLo jftf{ 6f]nL cfjZos k|df0f h'6fP/ bf]ifLnfO{ ;w}F cl:y/tf rfxG5 / p;n] g t ofjt ckh;x¿ Psn] csf{ s f] hgcfGbf]ng )^@, )^# sf] efj tyf ck/fwLs/0f x'b5 } , hgtf;+u k|tIf
u7g u/]sf] 5 . kf6L{ d'Vofno, aNv'df l56f]eGbf l56f] sf/jfxL ug{k' 5{ . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;Qfdf uPsf] x]g{ 6fpsf]df y'kf/L cfk'm kfgL dfyLsf] dd{ cg';f/ x'g'kg]{ s'g} sfd ePsf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;Dk'0f{ cfof]ux¿ tyf
a;]sf] :yfoL ;ldlt a}7sn] ;/sf/df ;ef;b\ sf===
( nfv *% xhf/ ¿k}ofF, kmf]/d
rfxG5 g t dfcf] j fbL n8fs'
;dfof]hg ug{ g} lbG5 . ef/tsf]
cf]efgf] aGgd} Ao:t 5g\ . bnLo tyf
u' 6 ut :jfy{ d f r' n ' { D d 8' a ] s f]
5}gg\, k|fKt ;LdLt pknAwL ;+:yfut
ug]{ b]vL ;';f;gdf hf]8 lbb} ;fdfGo
;+:yfx¿ vfnL ePsf 5g\, dx+uL,
e|:6rf/ Aofks a8\bf] 5, aGb, x8\tfn\,
;xefuL x'g] yk dGqLx?sf] gfd eg]
6'Ëf] nufpg ;s]g . of] kxnnfO{ ;fy{s nf]stflGqssf g]tf Pj+ If]q gDa/ clxn]sf] tof/L eg]sf] ;+ljwfg;efdf g]tT[ jk+tL g} oL ofjt ;d:ofsf] d'Vo lx;jfn] /fHo;+ r fngdf ;d] t c;'/Iff lbgx' a8\b} 5, b]zsf] cy{tGq
?k lbgsf nflu p;n] cGo bn;Fu Psaf6 ;ef;b\ ag]sf x]d/fh tft]8sf] /x]sf dw];jfbL bnnfO{ h]7 !$ kl5 sf/s tTj xf] . o;/L ofjt ;d:ofdf clxn]sf] g]tT[ j k'0f{t c;kmn ePsf] 6f6 kN6Lg] cj:yfdf k'us ] f] 5, b]z
jftf{ ug{] klg hgfPsf] 5 . gfddf ( nfv &% xhf/, If]q gDa/ # /fhLgfdf lbg nufpg] / t/fO{df b]z r'nD{' d 8'Abf ;d]t g]tT[ jn] rf;f] 5 eg] g]kfnsf] g]t[Tjsf] x};Lot s] c;kmn /fi6«sf] ;'rLdf kb}5 { , o;sf]
af6 ;ef;b\ /x]sf ;b\efjgf kf6L{sf cfGbf]ng u/L cl:y/tf Nofpg] bfp tyf lrGtf lnb}g eg] ca hgtfn] xf] < oLgLx¿sf] Ifdtf s] xf] < dtnj lgs6 eljZod} g] k fnL
;'8fg=== s]lGb|o ;b:o dx]zk|;fb ofbjsf] gfddf 5 . p;n] …Ps dw]z Ps k|bz ] Úsf] /fhgLlts kf6L{ tyf ltgsf] g]tT[ jnfO{ /fhgLlts g]t[Tj ;du|tfd} lgsDdf hgtfx¿ dfxflaktLdf kb}{ 5f}, sfn
;a} clwsf/LnfO{ e| i 6frf/sf] ( nfv *% xhf/ / lgjf{rg If]q gDa/ d'2fnfO{ hf]8tf]8sf ;fy p7fpg alx:sf/ tyf lt/:sf/ ug's { f] lasNk xf] t < k|Zg uDeL/ 5 . cfpb} 5 . km]/L klg r'krfk sfnnfO{
cleof]udf sf/afxL ug{ clVtof/ ^ af6 lgjf{lrt ePsf :jtGq ;ef;b\ nufP/ d'n'snfO{ tx;gx; u/fpg] 5}g, lsgsL nf]stGqdf hgtf dflns kfj/, kf]hL;g, k};f tyf kbsf] kv{g' a'4LdfgL sfo{ xf]Og . ca klg
b' ? kof] u cg' ; Gwfg cfof] u nfO{ ;b?n ldofFsf] gfddf ( nfv *% v]ndf nfu]sf] ;|f]tsf] bfaL 5 . x'G5g\ g sL bfz . gf+uf] n8fO olt larLqsf] eof] sL p7LPg tyf h'6LPg eg] w]/} 9Lnf e};Sg]
l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] ;'8fg xhf/ ¿k}ofF a]?h' /x]sf] lhNnf ljsf; hgtfn] /fHo agfpg egL o;}sf] sf/0f b]z a/afb x'b} 5 . ;Qf 5 . lawLsf] zf;g\, zflGt;'/Iff, tyf
zflGt ld;gsf nflu ;fdfg vl/bdf ;ldlt ;Kt/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L jfUn]nfO{=== a'emfPsf] s/ sxfF tyf s;/L vr{ tyf zQmLsf] k|fKtLdf nfu]sf] nufgL cdgr}g, dx+uL gLoGq0f, e|:6rf/ tyf
ePsf] clgoldttfsf] 5fglag ug{ ;dfg'kfltstkm{sf ;ef;b\x¿ 8f= @% lbg dfq} y'gfdf a:g'kg]{ ePsf] x'b} 5, To;sf] ;b'kof]u jf b'¿kof]u obL zflGt tyf ;+ljwfgdf nfUYof] eg], clgodLttf nufPtsf ;d:of
ul7t b' j } cfof] u sf] k| l tj] b g nIdLnfn rf}w/Lsf] gfddf ( nfv *% 5 . jfUn]sf] cj}w rncrn ;DklQ s] e}/x]sf] 5 eGg] hfGg] tyf a'e\mg] clxn] xf] O g b' O a;{ cuf8L g} ;/sf/n] rfx]sf] v08df, /fhgLlts
sfof{Gjog ug{] lg0f{o ub}{ sf/afxLsf xhf/ ¿k}ofF, e"kG] b| rf}w/Lsf] gfddf ( klg hkmt x'g] ePsf] 5 . jfUn]sf hgtfsf] clwsf/ xf] . t/ hgtfsf ;]gf;dfof]hg ;xLt ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f g]t[Tjn] rfx]sf] v08df tTsfn
nflu clVtof/nfO{ l;kmfl/; u/]sf] xf] . nfv &% xhf/, /fi6«klt kbsf 5f]/f b]j]Gb|, >LdtL, 5f]/L / cGo clwsf/dfyLsf] anTsf/nfO{ g} e};Sg] lyof] . ;Qf tyf zQmLsf] nfuL ;sf/fTds k/L0ffd cfpg ;Sg]
cfof]usf] k|ltj]bgadf]lhd s'g–s'g pDd]bjf/ ;ef;b\ /fdk[t kf;jfgsf] gft]bf/nfO{{ eg] dltof/ 7x¥ofpFb} cfk\mgf] k'?;fy{ 7fGg] xfd|f a]Odfg vr]s { f] ;do, tyf lbdfv z';f;g, s'/fx¿x'g\ . km]/Lklg cd's ag]/ a:g'
clwsf/LnfO{ sf/afxLsf nflu gfddf ( nfv *% xhf/, ;ef;b\ d'GgL pgLx¿sf gfddf /x]sf] cj}w ;DklQ /fhgLlt1x¿n] hgtfsf lt zflGt;'/Iff tyf cdgr}gdf vr]s { f] eg]sf] ltgsf unt s'sfo{x¿nfO{
l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] xf] eGg]af/] ;/sf/n] u'Ktfsf] gfddf ( nfv *% xhf/, kmf]/d hkmt ug{] t/ h]n hfg' gkg]{ km};nf clwsf/sf] anL t r9fP g} , eP sDtLdf b] z of] cj:yfdf ;dy{g ug'{ xf], ltgLx¿nfO{ k|fT] ;fxg
;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5}g . ;'8fg 3f]6fnfsf] g]kfnsf k|efjzfnL g]tf ;ef;b\ lakL ;'gfOPsf] 5 . ;jf]R{ r cbfntsf] ut ;+a}wfgLs ¿kn] hgtfaf6 ;+slnt cfOk'Ub}gYof] . /fhgLlts g]tT[ j uDeL/ ug'{ xf] .
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lnP/ afFrs ] f 5f}F . g]kfn kms]/{ hfcf}F lglj{jfb lgM;Gb]z xfdLaLr c? klg n7}tkgn] sfFu; ]| / Pdfn] kf6L{ ef/tLo ef/tk| l tsf] cfzSttf, j} b ] l zs emngfy vgfnsf] ;/sf/ u7g ePsf] nfdf] ;do eO{ ;Sbf klg k"0f{
ls cem} ;'ljwf ;DkGg d'ns ' x¿df uf}/jtfsf ;fgx¿ 5g . hf] xfd|f] lj:tf/jfbsf] lg/Lx ;fIfL ag]/ a;]sf gLltdf ef/tLo ks8, g]kfnsf] zf;g cfsf/df lj:tf/ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . jt{dfg ;/sf/ g?rfpg]x¿ Pp6f g
hfcf}F < g]kfn kms]/{ lg s] ug]{ xf]nf k'vf{n] n8]sf] axfb'/Lsf] Oltxf; xf] 5g\ . lsgeg], g]kfnsf /fhgLlts ;~rfngdf ef/tLo x:tIf]k, k|dv ' Pp6f ljv08f lemSb} 5g\ eg] xnf] c6\sfpg] ef/tn] s] dGq0f lbFb}5
/ < ldx]gt, Tofu / ;dk{0f t xfd|} …:jwLgtfÚ . Oltxf;d} s'g} klg bnx¿nfO{ { g] k fnsf] :jfwLgtf, k| f s[ l ts ;Dkbfx¿df ef/tLo To;sf] qmdz hu hfx]/ xf]nf . t/ klg lbNnLsf] xhdf hfg]x¿sf] nsf]{
xftdf 5 t/ jftfj/0f / cj;/ xfd|f] ;fd|fHojfbsf] k/fwLgtf :jLsf/ cv08tf, ;fj{ef}dtf / :jtGqtfeGbf xflnd' x fnL, lbgk| l tlbg ;fF w klg TolQs} 5 . ;a} g]tfx¿sf] nsf]{n] s:tf] dGq0ff kfpg] xf] kms]{kl5
j;df 5}g . aGb, x8\tfn cfuhgL gu/]sf] ljZjsf] Psdfq b]z . ;}of}F klg ;Qf Kof/f] 5 s';L{ Kof/f] 5 . xf] ;Ldfgfdflysf] ldrfOsf] cjnf]sg ug{] af]lnx¿ ;'lgg yfNg]5 s:tf] dGq0ff eof] eg]/ . )& ;fnb]lvsf] k/Dk/fut
t Tolt ;'lgFb}g lxhf]cfh . t/, jif{sf] Oltxf;df g]kfn slxNo} ToxL k/fwLgtf, k/tGq;Fu ;Qf / xf] eg] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 ls ef/tLo /f]u g t )$^ kl5 sf] ax'bnLosfndf ljz]s eof] g jt{dfgsf] u0ftflGqs
bzsf}bF l] v ef]Ub} cfPsf] o:tf tgfjdo k/fwLg aGg k/]g . t/ oxL xfd|f] of] s';L{sf] ;f}bfafhL ug{ klNsPsf 5g\ lj:tf/jfbL g]kfnnfO{{ bf];f| ] l;lSsd sfndf cl3Nnf] ;/sf/n] ;+ljwfg agfpgdf g Tolt hf]8 lbof] . clxn]
jftfj/0f;Fu xfdL 9'Ss x'g] cj:yf Oltxf;, uf}/j / :jledfg clxn] xfd|f /fhgLlts bnx¿ . t/ a8f] agfpg] if8\oGqdf nfu]sf 5g\ . ;Dej ag]sf] u7aGwg ;/sf/n] o'4:t/df ;+ljwfg agfpg cxf]/fq v6nf egL
klg 5}gf}F . lxDdt u/]/ g]kfnd} s]xL w/fkdf k/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts lj8Djgf ljb]zL x:tIf]kaf6 k|fKt x'g] jf c;Dej eGg] s'/f t ef/tLo ;f]r]sf hgtfx¿ dlGqd08nn] k"0f{tf kfpg g;s]sf] b]Vbf a]n}df ;+ljwfg
u5{ eg]/ hfpFnf ef]ln ljb]zdf ;|f]t ;fwgsf] ljifodf a]nf df}sfdf ;Qf / zlStsf] ef]udf klg hgtf / lj:tf/jfb lbgk| l tlbg cfˆgf] aGnf eGg] ;f]r b]lv lg/f; x'bF 5 } g . ;+ljwfgsf hl6n d'2f / zflGt:yfkgfdf
sdfPsf] l;/Lv'/L ;a} ;lsPnf . km]l/ ef/t / g]kfnaLrsf] c;dfg ;lGwsf] /fi6«sf] kIfdf slxNo} n8]gg\ . oqf] if8\oGqsf] hfnf] km}nfpFb} hfg] / xfdL ;do ;fk]If cf6x¿ k|bz{g ub}{ ;fy{stf kfpg] d'2fx¿ cf]em] ndf kl//x]sf
ljb]z g} cfpg' k¥of] eg] t g]kfn cfjfh p7]s} xf] . cfk"m cg's'n Ps jif{ k|hftGqsf] nflu n8]/ cfPsf b] z sf gful/sx¿ 5f] / f5f] / Lsf] 5g\ . oL ;a} x]bf{ nfU5 b]z rnfpg] xfdL dfq /x]g5f}F . cb[Zo zlQmn]
uPsf] s] cy{ eof] / < o:t} o:t} kIfLo lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ c;dfg g]tfx¿ ;a} JolStut :jfy{ kf6L{ :jfy{ eljiosf] axfgfdf xl/of] sf8{sf] kl5 xfdLnfO{ ufFlh/x]sf] /x]5 eGg] cg'e"lt x'Fb}5 .
;+sf]r / efjgfaLrd} ;fyLx¿;Fu ;lGwdf x:tfIf/ u/]s} xf] . gofF sfo{stf{ kfngkf]if0fsf] 3]/feGbf aflx/ bf}8g] xf] eg] kl/0ffd s] x'G5 s;n] nfdf] ;do;Dd ljb]zL k|e'Tjjfb, / ;fdGtjfb;Fu n8]sf g]kfnLx¿
enfs';f/L x'G5 . g]kfn uP/ s] ug]{ ;Fljwfgaf6 b]z ;+3Lotfdf hfg] slxNo} pDsg ;s]gg\ g} b'ef{Uo b]zn] b]vs ] f] 5 / < t/, ;f]rh ] :tf] ;lhnf] b]zLo ;fdGtjfbnfO{ k/f:t ug{ hlt ;lhnf] /x]5 ljb]zL k|e'Tjjfb;Fu
xf] / < ;a}nfO{{ ;w}F d]/f] Pp6} hjfkm cjZoDefjL 5 . /Iff / k//fi6« Pp6f klg /fht]gf kfpg ;s]gg\ . sxfF 5 / < cfheGbf #% jif{ cufl8sf] n8\g Tolt ;lhnf] /x]g5 eGg] b]vfpFb5 . ljb]zL :jfy{sf uf]6L ag]sfx¿
x'G5– d t ufpFdf uP/ ;'Gtnf /f]K5' . gLlth:tf afx| gLlt dfq ;DxfNg] cfh k|hftGq cfPsf] aL; jif{ ePsf] l;lSsd ljnosf] Oltxf; g]kfnsf] cfˆgf lglxt :jfy{sf nflu pgLx¿s} cg'sn " cfk"mnfO{ ¿kfGtl/t ul//x]sf
aª\u/' kfN5' . af/Lsf sfFNnfx¿df dd{ af]ss ] f] ;+3fTds zf;g k|0ffnLsf] 5 . p:t} ultnf] / Odfgbf/ g]tfsf] kl/k|I] odf Pp6f sf]/f sNkgf dfq} 5g\ . ;+ljwfg agfpg', zflGt :yfkgf ug'{, nf]stGqnfO{ ;+:yfut ub}{ hfg'
clDn;f] nufpF5,' l;:gf] /f]K5', df};d /fHo :yfkgfn] :yfgLo k|fs[lts xftdf b]z kg]{ xf] eg] of] cjlwdf b]z xf] . jf:tjdf ef/t g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s h:tf s'/fx¿ ;a}sf] ;femf k|of; / k|ltj4tf x'g'kg]{ xf] . To:t} ljz]ifu/L
cg' ; f/sf] gub] a fnL nufpF 5 ' . ;Dkbfdfly x' g ;Sg] j} b ] l zs sxfF k'Ug] lyof] . h?/ xf], /fhgLlt / dfdnfdf olt w]/} x:tIf]ksf/L ef/tLo anldrflxnf] l;dfjtL{ If]qsf g]kfnLx¿n] b'Mv / a]OHhlt Joxf]gk{' /]sf]
k/Dk/fut s[lif k|0ffnLsf] k|yfnfO{{ x:tIf] k af6 sltsf] ;fy{ s tf kf6L{df nfu]sf] dfG5] :jefj}n] :jfyL{ e"ldsfdf b]vfkg]{ lxDdt ug{rflxF xfd|} kL8f klg ;a}sf ;femf ;d:of x'g\ . To;tk{m r'OSs gug]{ wGo xfd|f
lj:yflkt u/]/ ufpF3/df cfw'lgs kfpF5 < k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgdfly / cj;/jfbL t lyP g} t/ Odfgbfl/tf g]tf tyf /fhgLlts bnsf] sdhf]/Ln] g]tfx¿ pgLx¿ g]tf x'g'sf] Pp6} cy{ b]lvG5 Tof] xf] JolQmut :jfy{k"lt{
v]tL k|0ffnLaf/] r]tgf hufp5',F klxnf] x'g hfg] /fHo ;/sf/;Fu ;/f]sf/sf] / g}ltstf klg gePsf g]tf tyf ubf{ xf] . cfh x/]s /fhgLlts bnx¿ ug'{ / s';L{ k|flKt ug'{ . s] /fi6«sf] nflu lg;fg x'Fb}g / < /fi6«sf] df6f]nfO{
cfk"m aG5', l5d]sL agfpF5', 6f]n ljifon] g]kfnsf] ckf/ hn;|f]t sfo{stf{x¿sf] af]njfnf a9]kl5 eg] ;Qf k|flKtsf] nflu lbNnL wfpg] k|jl[ Qn] Psj4tfsf] gfdf] lg;fg x'Fb}g / < /fi6«sf] df6f]nfO{ >4f ug]{x¿ Go"gtd
agfp5', ;dfh agfp5' . ljb]zdf e08f/ tyf k|fs[lts ;Dkbf dfly kf6L{ / l;4fGtdf dfq ljrng cfPg ef/tLo ;+ : yfkg kIf g] k fnsf] ;femf ljGb'df lsg Ps x'g ;lsFb}g . cjZo ;lsG5 .
ef]Ug' k/]sf kz'tN' o :jfledfgnfO{{ Psflwsf/ hdfpg] ef/tLo if8\oGq l;Fuf] ;dfh b]z ljsfz / /fli6«o cfGtl/s dfdnfdf rnv]n ug{ ;kmn ha gofF ;/sf/ aGof] ta dw];sf g]tfx¿ cfGbf]ngsf] wDsL lbFb5 } g\ .
ufpFd} pFrf] /fV5' . d]/f] nIo / ;kmn aGg slt ;lhnf] 5 t < :jwLgtfs} lglDt 3fts aGg k'us ] f] ePsf] 5 . ;fdl/s tyf cfly{s ¿kd} cfk"mx¿ ;/sf/df a:bf dw];sf] pTyfgdf s] of]ubfg lbP < To;sf]
of]hgfnfO{{ w]/n } ] rflxF c6xf; xfF;f]df ef/t g]kfnsf k|fs[lts ;|ft] lxdfn 5 . Pp6f sfFu; ]| n] hlt;'s} /fi6«jfbL ljZj dxfzlStdf pbfpg nfu]sf] ;dLIff x'gk' g]{ xf] . cfk"m ;/sf/df a:bf lelqPsf lj;+ultx¿nfO{ cGt ug]{
p8fpF5, sltn] ;xfg'el" t klg lbG5, tyf ;fgf glbgfnfx¿df klg lrGtgsf wf/0ff JoSt u/] klg Tof] ef/t blIf0f Pl;ofdf dfq geP/ ul/Psf k|of;sf] n]vf hf]vf lsg u/fOFb}g . sdfp dGqfnosf] cf/f]{k/L
ljrf/ /fd|f] xf] klg eG5g\, sltn] Psnf}6L x}sd rnfpg rfxG5 . Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbLsf] nflu u|fXo x'bF g} . ljZjd} cfˆgf] k|efj km}nfpg rfxG5 . 3'Dbf cfgGb nfUg] algk/]sf dw];jfbL kf6L{x¿ kf6L{ ljv08gsf k|ofojfrL
z'esfdgf;Dd klg lbG5g\, km]l/ d To;}n] b]z clxn] gofF ;+ljwfgaf6 g t dfcf]jfbLn] af]n]sf] ljifod} cem ljZjdf gofF zlStdf pbfO;s]sf] ag]sf 5g\ . clxn] ltgLx¿ Ps dw]; Ps k|b]z eGb} dw]; ttfpg
klg ;f]W5' . clg tkfO{s + f] of]hgfrflxF lgsf; kfpg] ljifodf a8f] låljwfdf PsdTo x'G5 . k|r08n] h] af]N5 ;f/f rLg;d]t pQ/L ;Ldfdf ePsf]n] ubf{ Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ lbNnLs} xhsf] bf}8w'kdf nfu]sf] b]lvG5 . /fhf b]lv
s] 5 t < kL8f ldl>t pdËsf ;fy 5g\ . b]zL, ljb]zL zlSt zflGt dfcf]jfbLsf] nflu 7Ls t/ sfFu; ]| / ef/tsf] gh/ :jtM g]kfndfly kg{ k"j{k~r x'Fb} ef/tk/:tsf gfdn] lrlgPsfx¿ aQLdf k'tnL xf]ldP h;/L
/x/ kf]V5g\, d t ;s] cd]l/sf, geP k|lqmof / gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg ;kmn Pdfn]sf] nfvf}F sfo{stf{sf] nflu :jefljs b]lvPsf] 5 . cfufdL lbNnLs} kl/qmdf ;l/s ePsf] b]Vbf PSsfO;f}F ;tfAbLsf] dfgl;stfdf
Sofg8f / Totf klg geP o'/f]klt/ x'g glbg] of]hgfdf nfluk/]sf 5g\ . a]l7s . dfwj g]kfnn] h] af]N5 ;f/f ztfAbL kfgLsf] ztfAbL ePsf]n ] ] vf; ¿kfGtl/t eOg;s]sf] / ce}m g]x¿ sfnLg dfgl;stf sfod} ePsf] b]lvG5 .
xflgg] rfxgf b]vfpF5g\ . t/ d ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb s]kL cf]nL, Pdfn]sf] nflu ;xL t/ sfFu]|; / ul/sg g]kfnsf] cyfx k|fs[lts wGo xfd|f g]tfx¿ . lglxt :jfy{n] b]z jjfb{ agfpFb} 5f}F . efjL kLl8sf]
pgLx¿sf] /x/nfO{{ xfF;f]n] p8fOlbg, ;' h ftf sf] O /fnf, ljho dfcf]jfbLsf] nflu a];xL . eg]kl5 ;Dkbf / ckf/ hn;|ft] sf] e08f/sf] nflu sn+s aGb}5f}F . ;+ljwfg agfpg] rfnf 5}g .
z'efsfdgf klg lbGg . g t ;xfg'el" t uR5fbf/h:tf ef/tLo bnfnx¿sf] /fhgLltdf nfu]sf g]tf sfo{stf{x¿df Psflwsf/ agfpg] if8\oGq g} ef/tLo k|foM ;a} ljz]ifu/L /fli6«o k|efj kfg]{ 7"nf kf6L{leq ag]sf u'6k'k u'6n]
g} k|s6 u5{ . lsgls d hfGb5' cu'jfOdf zflGt k|lqmof tyf gofF g]tfn] af]nsf] s'/fnfO{{ d}gfn] em}F dgg lj:tf/jfbsf] g]kfn gLlt xf] . cfh kf6L{ leqsf] ;fd"lxs ;b\efj, Pstf, lgi6f, k|ltj4tf cfbz{, s]xL b]lvFbg} .
pgLx¿sf] o'/f]k cd]l/sfsf] ;o/df ;+ l jwfg lgdf{ 0 f c;kmn agfO{ u/]/ 3f]Sg] dfq xf] eg] dfgjtfleqsf] l5d]sL ef/t ;}of} jif{kl5 kfgLdflysf] s;/L d'lvof aGg ;lsG5 cfbz{ JolQmTj x'gsf] nflu k|lt:kwf{ x'gs ' f] ;f6f]
/x/ dfq 5}g, kL8f klg 5, afWotf ;+ 3 LojfbL ;+ / rgfTds /fHosf] ljj]s s]sf nflu t < oL /fhgLlt b'/ufdL ;dfwfgsf] nflu g]kfnsf csf]{nfO{ ;fgf] gagfpFbf;Dd cfk"m 7"nf aGg ;lsFb}g eGg] dgf]/f]un] u|:t
klg 5 . ljrf/ ;a}sf] ;xL 5, u'gf;f] :yfkgf x'g glbO{ g]kfnnfO{{ u[xo'4df kf6L{x¿sf] j}rfl/s / ;}4flGts dte]b /fhgLlt bnx¿nfO{{ ;Qfsf] e¥ofË xfd|f g]tT[ jx¿ nfUbf To;sf] k|efj tntn;Dd nfUg' :jefljs} xf] . To:t}
/ c;Gt'li6 klg cf–cfˆg} ;xL xf]nf . ws]Ng] of]hgfdf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] s'g} /fli6«o lxt tyf ljsf;;Fu r9fP/ k|fs[lts ;|ft] ;fwgdf Pskl5 ePsf] b]lvG5 . s;}n] eG5 s;}n] eGb}g km/s Tolt dfq} xf] . o:tf]
t/, ;jfn olt xf], h'g gfdnfO{{ l;/df cfGtl/s dfdnfdf ef/tLo x}sdjfbL ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo x'bF g} g\ . logLx¿sf] csf]{ ub}{ c;dfg ;lGw ub}{ cufl8 jftfj/0f x]bf{ tnb]lv dfly /fd|f] s'/f / ;+:sf/eGbf ljs[lt lj;+ult
/fv]/ xfdL of] wtL{df lrlgG5f}F . h;sf] x:tIf]k ePs} xf] . zf;g ;~rfngdf lje] b / lsrf] n f ufpF a:tLdf a9\g] bfpdf b]lvPsf] 5 t/ g]kfnsf a9]sf] b]lvG5 . eGg ;lsFbg} lsg eg] To;sf] /f]u JofKt ¿kdf k}mnbf yf/]
gfd dfqn] xfdL cfk"mnfO{{ uf}/jflGjt cfk"m cg's'n agfpg blIf0fkGyL s's/' x¿sf] x•LaLrsf] n8fOFeGbf s'g} /fhgLlts bnx¿ /fli6« o lxt ax't To;af6 ;a} k|efljt 5g\ . of] ;a} x]bf{ xfdL leqs} sdLsdhf]/Lsf]
ePsf] dx;'; u5f}{+ . cfh ToxL kf6L{x¿ g]kfnL sfFu|];, /fk|kf tyf 7"nf] cy{ af]Sb}g . jNnf] a:tLsf] ;fF8] ljk/Ltsf ;lGw;Fu ;Qfsf] ;f}bf ;ldIff ug]{ xf]Og eg] cem g/fd|f; ] uF km:g ;lsG5 . kml;;lsPsf] 5 . ca
uf}/jsf] cl:tTj ;+s6df k/]sf] 5 . Pdfn]n] ljutdf ef/tLo ;+:yfkg s's/' n] cfˆgf] cxFsf/ b]vfP/ ;fgf] ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/, of] k|lqmof nfdf] s]jn jt{dfgsf] bnbnaf6 b]znfO{ cufl8 a9fpg Pj+ c;+ut e"d/Laf6
:jfwLgtf / :jtGqtfdfly wfjf kIf;fd' xf/u'xf/ u/]s} xf] . t/ cfjfh lgsfNg ;fy} ;f/f 6f]nsf ;do;Dd /xg] 5}g . cfh lbgk|ltlbg arfpg of]Uo / ;Ifd /fhg]tfsf] vfFrf] dx;'; ul/Fb}5 . ;Ifd /fhg]tf
af]lnPsf] 5 . t/ xfdL gful/ssf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg :jtGq /fi6« e':ofxf s's/' x¿ p;}sf] kIfdf Ps gful/x¿ hfu?s x'g] qmd a9\bf] 5 . gx'Fbf;Dd b]zn] kfpg] eGbf u'dfpg] lrhx¿ w]/} x'g] 5g\ .
lhDd]jf/L s] t < dft[el" dn] ef]lu/x]sf g]kfnsf] zf;g k|0ffnLdf ljb]zLn] dt x'G5g\ . aNnf] a:tLsf s's/' x¿sf] hgtf r] t gzLn eP g] t f klg dGqL agfpg g;Sg] kf6L{x¿, &).&@ lbgdf ;+ljwfg agfpFb5f}F eGbf
JofKt ul/aL, clzIff, cr]tgf, olt 7"nf] x:tIf]ksf/L e"ldsf klg cxFsf/kNnf] j:tLsf] s's/nfO{{ ;Xo r]tgzLn x'G5g\ . g]tf r]tgzLn eP hgtfn] kTofpg]afnf 5}gg\ . hgtfnfO{ slt lbg 9fF6g] . hgtfn] lsg /
cljsfz, k/fwLgtf / k/tGqsf] v]lnPsf] /x]5 eGg] s'/fsf] kbf{kmf; x'bF g} . p klg cfˆgf] 6f]nsf ;f/f b]zn] lgsf; kfpg] 5 . cfh b]znfO{{ s;/L kTofpg] . kTofpg] cfwf/ e]§fpFbg} g\ . cy{tGq v:sbf] 5 . cg'zf;g
lj?4df 86]/ d'sflanf ug'{ xf] of g]skf dfcf]bjfbLn] ;+;bLo zf;g s's/' x¿sf] x"n agfP/ 6f]sf6f]s u5{ ljb]zL zlStsf] e/df ;Qfdf k'Ug]eGbf etfe'Ë 5 . tndfly bf]if y'kf/]/ cfk"m d'Qm x'g'eGbf cfk}Fmn] b]vfpg] ;do
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