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Static Var Compensators: by Prof. C. Radhakrishna

Static VAR compensators (SVCs) are used for fast reactive power control to operate power systems close to stability limits. There are three types of SVCs: variable impedance, current source, and voltage source. SVCs are used to increase power transfer, improve stability through fast voltage regulation, and damp low and subsynchronous oscillations. SVCs have controllable characteristics in their operating range, behaving as a fixed capacitor or inductor outside this range. Their dynamics must be modeled for accurate damping assessment.

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158 views

Static Var Compensators: by Prof. C. Radhakrishna

Static VAR compensators (SVCs) are used for fast reactive power control to operate power systems close to stability limits. There are three types of SVCs: variable impedance, current source, and voltage source. SVCs are used to increase power transfer, improve stability through fast voltage regulation, and damp low and subsynchronous oscillations. SVCs have controllable characteristics in their operating range, behaving as a fixed capacitor or inductor outside this range. Their dynamics must be modeled for accurate damping assessment.

Uploaded by

athbeljoe
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STATIC VAR

COMPENSATORS
By
Prof. C. Radhakrishna
CONTENTS
STATIC VAR COMPENSATORS
SVCs are used for
Types of SVC and Controllers
SVC Control Characteristics
Modelling of SVC

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STATIC VAR COMPENSATORS

• If the system has to operate close to stability limits in


steady state, (with minimum margins), fast control of
reactive power is essential.
• In recent years, thyristor controlled static var
compensators are being used for fast reactive power
control.

SVCs are used for

1. Increasing power transfer in long lines


2. Stability improvement (both steady state and transient)
with fast acting voltage regulation
3. Damping of low frequency oscillations (corresponding
to electromechanical modes)
4. Damping of subsynchronous frequency oscillations
(due to torsional modes)
5. Control of dynamic over voltages
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Types of SVC and Controllers

Three basic types of SVCs


1. Variable impedance type
2. Current source type
3. Voltage source type

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SVC Control Characteristics

• The voltage is measured at the high voltage side of the


transformer (or network bus) feeding the SVC and the
current is the reactive current, considered to be positive
when SVC is inductive (absorbing reactive power).
• In the control range, the SVC voltage is not maintained
constant. The slope of the control characteristics is
positive (3 to 5%) and helps in (a) stable parallel operation
of more than one SVC connected at the same or
neighbouring buses and (b) prevent SVC hitting the limits
too frequently.
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V

ES

Capacitive Inductive ISVC

Figure 1. Steady state control characteristics of variable impedance SVC

The reference voltage of the SVC is chosen such that, under


normal operating conditions, SVC delivers close to zero
reactive power so that the full control range of SVC is
available for use whenever there is a transient.

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Figure 2: Equivalent circuit for SVC in control range

• It is to be noted that when the SVC hits the capacitive limit, it


behaves like a fixed capacitor. Similarly, when it hits the
inductive limit, it behaves as a fixed inductor. In the control
range, the SVC can be modelled as a nonlinear voltage source
Es in series with a fictitious, fixed inductor Xs.
• The phase angle of the voltage source is same as that of the
bus voltage Vs.
• The value of the inductor is related to the slope of the
control characteristic.
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Modelling of SVC

• For steady state analysis, it is adequate to model the steady state control
characteristics of SVC. Even for transient stability studies, where low
frequency phenomena are of interest, and AC network transients are
neglected, steady state representation of SVC may be adequate as a first
approximation. However to model the damping contribution of SVC, it is
necessary to consider the dynamics of SVC controller.
• The output of SVC is a time-varying susceptance Bsvc. The inclusion of
this in the network results in a time varying admittance matrix which can be
problematic.
• This equivalent has to be updated at every time step when SVC current
is to be calculated.

Figure 3: Model
of SVC controller

REFERENCES :
[ 1 ] K.R. Padiyar : “Power System Dynamics : Stability and Control” , 2nd edition, BS
Publications, 2002.
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CONCLUSIONS

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THANK YOU

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