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Managing Data Resources 1

This document discusses database management and different database models. It provides definitions of key terms like entity, attribute, record, and file. It explains the traditional file processing approach and its limitations. A database management system (DBMS) helps centralize data and provides efficient access through application programs. Major DBMS functions include data definition, storage, retrieval, and security. Historical database structures like hierarchical and network models are outlined as well as the prevalent relational model. Benefits of the relational model include handling many-to-many relationships and supporting ad hoc queries through SQL.

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59 views23 pages

Managing Data Resources 1

This document discusses database management and different database models. It provides definitions of key terms like entity, attribute, record, and file. It explains the traditional file processing approach and its limitations. A database management system (DBMS) helps centralize data and provides efficient access through application programs. Major DBMS functions include data definition, storage, retrieval, and security. Historical database structures like hierarchical and network models are outlined as well as the prevalent relational model. Benefits of the relational model include handling many-to-many relationships and supporting ad hoc queries through SQL.

Uploaded by

dre_nic
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

MANAGING

DATA
RESOURCES 1

5- 1
• Why do businesses have trouble finding the
information they need in their information
systems?

• How does a database management system


help businesses improve the organization of
their information?

5- 2
• How do the principal types of database models
affect the way businesses can access and use
information?

• What are the managerial and organizational


requirements of a data-base environment?

• What new tools and technologies can make


databases more accessible and useful?

5- 3
Data Hierarchy in a Computer System

5- 4
File Organization Terms and Concepts

• Bit: Smallest unit of data; binary digit (0,1)

• Byte: Group of bits that represents a single


character

• Field: Group of words or a complete number

5- 5
File Organization Terms and Concepts

• Record: Group of related fields

• File: Group of records of same type

• Database: Group of related files

5- 6
Entitities and Attributes

Figure 7-2 5- 7
File Organization Terms and Concepts

• Entity: Person, place, thing, event about


which information is maintained (A record)

• Attribute: Description of a particular entity


(Fields)

• Key field: Identifier field used to retrieve,


update, sort a record

5- 8
Traditional File Processing

5- 9
Traditional File Processing
• Data stored in independent files
• Problems with traditional file environment:
– Data redundancy
– Lack of data integration (sharing) and availability
– Data dependence – files, storage devices, and
software are dependent on each other
– Lack of data integrity or standardization
– Lack of flexibility
– Poor security

5- 10
Database Management Approach

• A DBMS is simply the software that permits an


organization to centralize data, manage them
efficiently and provide access to the stored data
by application programmes

• DBMS serves as interface between users and


databases

5- 11
DBMS Major Functions

5- 12
The Contemporary Database Environment

5- 13
Database Structures

• Hierarchical
• Network
• Relational
• Object-oriented
• Multidimensional

5- 14
Hierarchical DBMS

5- 15
Hierarchical and Network DBMS

Hierarchical DBMS
• Early DBMS structure

• Organizes data in a tree-like structure

• Supports one-to-many parent-child relationships

• Prevalent in large legacy systems

5- 16
Network DBMS

5- 17
Network DBMS

Network DBMS

• Used in some mainframe DBMS packages

• Depicts data logically as many-to-many


relationships

5- 18
Relational Data Model

5- 19
Relational Structure
• Most widely used structure
• Data elements are represented as two-dimensional tables
called relations
• Row represents record
• Column represents field
• Can relate data in one file with data in another file if both
files share a common data element
• Relates data across tables based on common data
element
• Examples: Oracle, MS SQL Server

5- 20
Three Basic Operations in a Relational
Database

5- 21
Relational Structure

5- 22
Evaluation of Database Structures

• Hierarchical (Outdated)
– Worked for structured routine transaction processing
– Can’t handle many-to-many relationships

• Network (Outdated)
– More flexible than hierarchical but less flexible than RDBMS
– Unable to handle and support ad hoc requests and English language-like
queries

• Relational
– Easily respond to ad hoc requests
– Easier to work with and maintain
– Not as efficient or quick as hierarchical or network

5- 23

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