The document outlines a simplified method for early HVAC system design. It describes estimating the cooling load for spaces using load factors, calculating ventilation requirements, and determining total supply air needs. Equipment sizing is then estimated, including converting air flow to refrigeration tons and selecting chillers, cooling towers, and air handling units. A basic system layout is presented and the design process is reviewed.
The document outlines a simplified method for early HVAC system design. It describes estimating the cooling load for spaces using load factors, calculating ventilation requirements, and determining total supply air needs. Equipment sizing is then estimated, including converting air flow to refrigeration tons and selecting chillers, cooling towers, and air handling units. A basic system layout is presented and the design process is reviewed.
The document outlines a simplified method for early HVAC system design. It describes estimating the cooling load for spaces using load factors, calculating ventilation requirements, and determining total supply air needs. Equipment sizing is then estimated, including converting air flow to refrigeration tons and selecting chillers, cooling towers, and air handling units. A basic system layout is presented and the design process is reviewed.
The document outlines a simplified method for early HVAC system design. It describes estimating the cooling load for spaces using load factors, calculating ventilation requirements, and determining total supply air needs. Equipment sizing is then estimated, including converting air flow to refrigeration tons and selecting chillers, cooling towers, and air handling units. A basic system layout is presented and the design process is reviewed.
! Estimate ventilation requirement ! Determine supply air quantiy for each zone and AHU ! Estimate equipment sizes - space sizes ! Revise system layout
ETone Estimate Space Cooling Load Simplified method for determining the space cooling load Cooling load factor Residential 1cfm/sf Office 1.2 cfm/sf School 1.5 cfm/sf Aud. / theater 2.5 cfm/sf ventilation load not included
ETone Estimate Equipment Sizes Example 1,575 cfm VAV box sizes required at each zone for temperature control total air See course handout required
• Table reprinted from Architectureal Graphic Standards ETone Estimate Equipment Sizes Example Air Handler Unit Sizes 6,300 cfm Supply air to multiple zones required See course handout
Table reprinted from Architectureal Graphic Standards
Room dimensions: 18' -6" wide
22' - 3" long 9' - 6" tall
ETone Estimate Equipment Sizes Calculating the refrigeration required Converting air flow quantities to tons of cooling required
Cooling CFM (estimate based on internal air conditions)
4,500 cfm per AHU
Ventilation CFM (based on external air conditions)
1,800 cfm per AHU
Total CFM 6,300 CFM per AHU
ETone Estimate Ventilation Load Ventilation Sensible based on the )t between cooling coil and outside temp
1,800 cfm per AHU
Design Qsensible = 1.08 x CFM x )t Condition 95 EF 80 % rh
Qsensible = 1.08 x 1,800 cfm x 40EF
Qsensible = 77,760 btu’s hr
ETone Estimate Ventilation Load Ventilation Latent based on the )w between cooling coil and outside temp
1,800 cfm per AHU
Qlatent = 4,840 x CFM x )w Design Condition 95 EF 80 % rh
Qlatent = 4,840 x 1,800 cfm x .o2 lb
QLatent = 174,240 btu’s/hr
ETone Estimate Ventilation Load Ventilation Total Load
Qventilation = 174,240 btu/hr + 77,760 btu/hr
Qventilation = 252,000 btu/hr Design Condition 95 EF 80 % rh Qsensible = 1.08 x CFM x )t
Qlatent = 4,840 x CFM x )w
Qtotal ventilation ETone Estimate Equipment Sizes Example
Refrigeration Equipment Sizes
based on the tons of cooling required
1 ton of cooling . 400 cfm
1 ton of cooling . 12,000 Btu/hr
Conversion from cfm to tons
(cooling load) 4,500 cfm per AHU (1 of 15 units) 15 AHU’s in school x 4,500 = 67,500 cfm Total for school 67,500 cfm ÷ 400cfm/ton = 169 tons of cooling ETone Estimate Equipment Sizes Example
Refrigeration Equipment Sizes
based on the tons of cooling required
1 ton of cooling . 400 cfm
1 ton of cooling . 12,000 Btu/hr
Conversion from cfm to tons
(Ventilation load) 252,000 Btu/hr per AHU (1 of 15 units) 15 AHU’s in school x 252,000 = 3,780,000 Btu Total for school 3,780,000 ÷ 12,000 btu/ton = 315 tons of cooling ETone Estimate Equipment Sizes Example
Refrigeration Equipment Sizes
based on the tons of cooling required
1 ton of cooling . 400 cfm
1 ton of cooling . 12,000 Btu/hr
Total Cooling Required - 484 tons
Space Cooling Load - 169 tons
Space Ventilation Load - 315 tons
ETone Estimate Equipment Sizes Example
Chiller Size 484 tons
Two chillers are required of cooling • reduced off-season loads required • repair and maintenance
Table reprinted from Architectureal Graphic Standards
ETone 2 - 250 ton chillers
Estimate Equipment Sizes Example
Chiller Room 484 tons
• Dimensions from previous table of cooling • Room layout with pumpe required
ETone Estimate Equipment Sizes Example 484 tons Cooling Tower Size of cooling Based on tons of cooling required required
• Table reprinted from Architectureal Graphic Standards
3+ - 150 ton cooling towers
ETone System Design Revise basic layout adding equipment sizes
Air Delivery side Mechanical Room
Return ducts and diffusers Fresh outside air
Classroom 1 Classroom 2 Classroom 3 Classroom 4
VAV Box VAV Box VAV Box VAV Box
Air Handling Unit
Supply ducts and diffusers Corridor (Air-conditioning)
ETone Review
HVAC Design Procedures
! Estimate the space cooling requirement
! Estimate ventilation requirement ! Determine supply air quantiy for each zone and AHU ! Estimate equipment sizes - space sizes ! Revise system layout
ETone HVAC System Design Simplified Method for Early Design Environmental Technology 1
Part
Air Delivery side Mechanical Room
Return ducts and diffusers Fresh outside air
Classroom 1 Classroom 2 Classroom 3 Classroom 4
VAV Box VAV Box VAV Box VAV Box
Air Handling Unit
Supply ducts and diffusers Corridor (Air-conditioning) ETone
