CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE OF PROJECT

In general, the citizen has to go to polling booth to register his/her vote. Our
project provides a facility where a citizen can apply for a Voter-id card and register
his/her vote online. A candidate can file a nomination, canvass their strengths and the
election commission administration can be done online.

1.2 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

 Create different employees and assign corresponding privileges.
 Maintain a centralized database to provide security to information which can be accessed only
by the admin.
 Employee log on to his/her account to view any new registrations.
 Creating dynamic employees like Electoral Registration Officer, Returning Officer and other
officials as the first time setup.
 Supervision of lower designation officers by higher designation officers. This customizable
feature allows admin user to create required amount of employees.
 Track all the employees, citizens and their contact details.
 All users are authenticated to avail the service.
 Confirmation link is sent to the new user and employee when signing up.

1.3 PROJECT OVERVIEW

SRS includes two sections overall description and specific requirements

 Overall description will describe major role of the system components and
interconnections.
 Specific requirements will describe roles & functions of the actors.
1.4 MODULE DISCRIPTION

Online national polling mainly consists of four modules ...

1. General Public
2. Candidates
3. Administrators (Election Commission Officers)
4. Field Officers

General Public:
Online National Polling maintains the following General Public details for
various purposes.
i. Register For VoterID
ii. Register For OnlineVotingSystem
iii. Cast Vote
iv. View Own Details

Administrator:

Administrator is responsible for maintaining all the databases, generating results

Of polling and registering candidates for elections
i. Register Candidates
ii. Add Manual Polling Result
iii. View All Reports
iv. Validation Of Voters

Candidate:

Candidate is responsible for register for nomination, add details to profile,

Modify profile and campaign for elections.

i. Register For Nomination

ii. Add Details to Profile
iii. Modify Profile
iv. View Own Details
 Field Officer:

Field Officer validates the registration of voters and views all reports

i. Generate Reports For Registration Validation

ii. View All Reports

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

Goals:
 To automate the OnlinePolling in an easy and efficient manner.
 To make the vote in an easy way and trouble free.
 To make the application user friendly.

Objectives:
 To acquire up to date details about polling.
 To know the status of the Polling System.
 To reduce the errors those are occurred in the manual system.
 To generate the reports as per the management requirements.
 To provide maximum services to the users.
 CHAPTER-2
PROJECT ANALYSIS
2.1. Existing System
Present system is manual. The Project Metrics has to enter all the details of
project, documents, and tasks. It also maintains the team information and also efforts estimation.
For this purpose the organization maintain the size of the document, source code and update the
information about team member’s details manually. Which is much of time consuming process
and more importantly it is error prone. Limitations of the Manual system
1. It is time consuming
2. It leads to error prone results
3. It consumes lot of manpower to better results
4. It lacks of data security
5. Retrieval of data takes lot of time
6. Percentage of accuracy is less
7. Reports take time to produce

Hence Computerization of the existing system is proposed. The new system completely
removes all manual burdens and provide efficient on the entry system.
2.2. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Objectives of the Proposed System

1. To generate the quick reports
2. To make accuracy and efficient calculations
3. To provide proper information briefly
4. To provide data security
5. To provide huge maintenance of records
6. Flexibility of transactions can be completed in time

After understanding the existing system and understanding the need for developing a new
system different people involved in the related activities have been consulted. The data needed
for the study has been collected from company records.
 The computerization of this system would avoid the wrong interpretation and bad
calculation of data .The system help the user to see any documents, source code, tasks, activities,
team information with details at the click of a button. The record data is maintained and backed
up such a way that data is not loss. The speed of the system could also increase.

2.3. H/W AND S/W SPECIFICATION

 Software Requirements:

Front End Client : RAD, HTML

Web Server : WASv6.0
Data Base Server : DB2
Back End : DB2

 Hardware Requirements:

Client Side:
Hard Disk : 40GB
RAM : 2GB
Server Side:

Hard Disk : 40GB

RAM : 2GB
 Feasibility Report

Preliminary investigation examine project feasibility, the likelihood the system will be
useful to the organization. The main objective of the feasibility study is to test the Technical,
Operational and Economical feasibility for adding new modules and debugging old running
system. All system is feasible if they are unlimited resources and infinite time. There are aspects
in the feasibility study portion of the preliminary investigation:

 Technical Feasibility
 Operation Feasibility
 Economical Feasibility

Technical Feasibility

The technical issue usually raised during the feasibility stage of the investigation includes
the following:

 Does the necessary technology exist to do what is suggested?

 Do the proposed equipments have the technical capacity to hold the data required to use the
new system?
 Will the proposed system provide adequate response to inquiries, regardless of the number or
location of users?
 Can the system be upgraded if developed?
 Are there technical guarantees of accuracy, reliability, ease of access and data security?

Earlier no system existed to cater to the needs of ‘Secure Infrastructure Implementation

System’. The current system developed is technically feasible. It is a web based user interface for
Online Voting. Thus it provides an easy access to the users. The database’s purpose is to create,
establish and maintain a workflow among various entities in order to facilitate all concerned
users in their various capacities or roles. Permission to the users would be granted based on the
roles specified. Therefore, it provides the technical guarantee of accuracy, reliability and
security. The software and hard requirements for the development of this project are not many
and are already available as free as open source. The work for the project is done with the current
equipment and existing software technology. Necessary bandwidth exists for providing a fast
feedback to the users irrespective of the number of users using the system.

Operational Feasibility

Proposed projects are beneficial only if they can be turned out into information system.
That will meet the organization’s operating requirements. Operational feasibility aspects of the
project are to be taken as an important part of the project implementation. Some of the important
issues raised are to test the operational feasibility of a project includes the following: -

 Is there sufficient support for the management from the users?

 Will the system be used and work properly if it is being developed and implemented?
 Will there be any resistance from the user that will undermine the possible application
benefits?
This system is targeted to be in accordance with the above-mentioned issues. Beforehand,
the management issues and user requirements have been taken into consideration. So there is no
question of resistance from the users that can undermine the possible application benefits.

The well-planned design would ensure the optimal utilization of the computer resources and
would help in the improvement of performance status.

Economic Feasibility

A system can be developed technically and that will be used if installed must still be a good
investment for the organization. In the economical feasibility, the development cost in creating
the system is evaluated against the ultimate benefit derived from the new systems. Financial
benefits must equal or exceed the costs.

The system is economically feasible. It does not require any addition hardware or
software. Since the interface for this system is developed using the existing resources and
technologies available .There is nominal expenditure and economical feasibility for certain.
 CHAPTER-3
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT

1. HTML
WHAT IS HTML?
To publish information for global distribution, one needs a university-understood
language, a kind of publishing mother tongue that all computers may potentially
understand. The publishing language used by the World Wide Web is HTML (Hyper
Text Markup Language)
HTML Gives Authors the Means To
1. Publish online documents with headings, text, tables, list, photos etc.
2. Retrieve online information via hypertext links, at the click of a button
3. Design forms for conducting transactions with remote services, for use in
searching information, making reservation, ordering products etc.;
4. Includes spreadsheets, video clips, sound clips, and other applications directly in
the documents.

Some HTML Tags

<HTML> : Starting an HTML tag

<HEAD> : Creating a web page’s head
<TITLE> : Giving a web page‘s body

</HEAD> : Ending a web pages head

</BODY> : Ending a web pages body
</HTML> : Ending a web page
<FORM> : Creating a HTML forms
<INPUT TYPE=BUTTON> : Creating a buttons
<INPUT TYPE=CHECKBOX> : Creating a checkboxes
<INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT> : Creating a submit button
<INPUT TYPE=TEXT> : Creating a text field

HTML 4.0
HTML 4.0 extends with mechanisms for style sheets, scripting, frames embedding
objects, improved support for right to left and mixed direction texts, richer tables and
enhancements to form, offering improved accessibilities for people with disability

2. INTRODUCTION TO JAVA SCRIPT

WHAT IS JAVA SCRIPT?
JavaScript, originally supported by Netscape Navigator, is the most popular Web
scripting language today. JavaScript lets you embed programs right in your Web pages
and run these programs using the Web browser. You place these programs in a
<SCRIPT> element. If you want the script to write directly to the Web page, place it in
the <BODY> element.

EX: <HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE=”JavaScript”>
</SCRIPT>
</BODY></HTML>
JAVASCRIPTS OBJECTS
JavaScript is an object-oriented language. JavaScript comes with a number of predefined
objects.

Objects of the JavaScript

1. Document: Corresponds to the current Web page’s body. Using this object, you
have access to the HTML of the page itself, including the all links, images and
anchors in it.
2. Form: Holds information about HTML forms in the current page.
3. Frame: Refers to a frame in the browser’s window.
4. History: Holds the records of sites the Web browser has visited before reaching
the current page.
5. Location: Holds information about the location of the current web page.
6. Navigator: Refers to the browser itself, letting you determine what browser the
user has.
7. Window: Refers to the current browser window.

JAVASCRIPTS EVENTS
Some of the events of JavaScript
1. On Change: Occurs when data in a control, like a text field, changes.
2. On Click: Occurs when an element is clicked.
3. On Focus: Occurs when an element gets the focus.
4. On Mouse down: Occurs when a mouse button goes down.
5. On Reset: Occurs when the user clicks the reset button.
JAVASCRIPTS FUNCTIONS
Declaration of function
Syntax: function function name ()
{
…
…
}

Write these functions in <SCRIPT> tag.

3. INTRODUCTION ABOUT JAVA

Overview of the JAVA

The Internet helped catapult Java to the forefront of programming, and Java, in
turn, has had a profound effect on the Internet. The reason for this is quite simple: Java expands
the universe of objects that can move about freely in the cyberspace. In a network, two very
broad categories of objects are transmitted between the server and our computer passive
information and dynamic, active programs.

As desirable as dynamic, networked programs are, they also present serious problems in
the areas of security and portability. Java achieves this security or protection by confining a Java
program to the Java execution environment and not allowing it to access to other parts of the
computer. Many types of the computers and operating systems are in use throughout the world
and many are connected to the Internet. For programs to be dynamically download to all the
various types of platforms connected to the Internet, some means of generating portable
executable code is needed.

Java was designed to be easy for the professional programmers to learn and use
efficiently. The object model of Java is simple and easy to extend, while simple types, such as
integers are kept as high-performance non-objects.
 Customer Care System is implemented using the Java language so as to make the
programmers (which includes super user, and Levels) and different corporate clients and
corporate users to handle Customer Care System easily without any difficulty.

The multiplatformed environment of the web places extraordinarily demands on a

program, because the program must execute reliably in a variety of systems. Thus, the ability to
create robust programs was given a high priority in the design of Java. At the same time, Java
frees us from having to worry about many of the most common cause of programming errors.
Because Java is strictly typed language, it checks our code at the compile time and also at run-
time.

Java was designed to meet the real world requirements of creating interactive,
Networked programs. Java supports multithreaded programming, which allows us to write
programs that do many things simultaneously. A central issue for the Java designers was that of
code longevity and portability. Their goal was “write once; run anywhere, anytime, forever “.

Java enables the creation of the cross-platform programs by compiling into intermediate
representation called Javabytecode. This code can be interpreted on any system that provides a
java virtual machine. Java is designed for the distributed environment of the Internet, because it
handles TCP/IP protocols. In fact, accessing a resource using a URL is not much different from
accessing a file. The original version of Java (OAK) included features for intra-address-space
messaging. Java programs carry with them substantial amounts of the run-time type information
that is used to verify and resolve accesses to objects at run-time. This makes it possible to
dynamically link code in a safe and expedient manner.
About jdbc (java data base connection):
It is a java data base connectivity having db2 database as a back-end of java as front end.
Database is a collectivity of related data. A data base management system (DBMS) controls the
storage or retrieval of data in the database. The main use of this JDBC is the database
connectivity.

Using drivers we can get connection to the back-end

1. Which drive we are going to connect back-end.
2. Create a data source name (dsn).
3. Create a statement for connection.

The package we use here is import java. Sql.

Interfaces of jdbc include driver, connection, and statement; prepare statement, callable
statement, Result Set, Result Set Meta data. Classes of JDBC are driver manages, driver property
information, date, and time, and timestamp, type.

About servlets:

Servlet is server side applet. It contains several advantages. They are

 Performance is significantly better. Servlets execute within the address space of the web
server. Creating a separate process to handle each client request isn’t necessary.
 Servlets are platform-independent, because they are written in Java. Several web servers,
from vendors such as sun, Netscape, and Microsoft, offer the servlet API
Programs developed for this API can be moved to any of these environments without
recompilation.
 The java security manager on the server enforces a set of restrictions to protect the
resources on a server machine.
 The full functionality of the Java class libraries is available to a servlet. It can
communicate with applets, databases, or other software via the sockets and RMI
mechanisms.
The Lifecycle of a servlet:

Three methods are central to the lifecycle of a servlet: init (), service ( ), and destroy (). First,
assume that a user enters a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) to the web browser. The web
browser then generates an HTTP request for this URL and sends it to the appropriate server.
Second the web server receives this HTTP request. The server maps this request to particular
servlet. The servlet is dynamically retrieved and loaded into the address space of the server.
Third, the server invokes the init ( ) method of the servlet. This method is invoked only when the
servlet is first loaded into the memory. Fourth, the server invokes the servlet service ( ) method,
which is called to process the HTTP request. The service ( ) method is called for each HTTP
request. Two packages are required to build the servlet they are javax.servlet and
javax.srevlet.http. They constitute of servlet API. ServletRequest interface is used to read the
data from a client0request and servletResponse is used to write data to the client response. The
javax.srevlet.http package include interfaces like HttpServletRequest which enables servlets to
read data from HTTP request and HttpServletResponse which enables servlets to write data from
HTTP response.

Creation of java:

Java was conceived by James Gosling, Patrick Naughton, Chris Warth, Ed Frank and
Mike Sheridan at SUN Microsystems Incorporation in the year 1991.It took 18 months to
develop the 1st working version. This language was initially called “OAK”, but was renamed
“JAVA” in 1995, many more contributed to the design and evolution of the language.

Java overview:

Java is a powerful but lean object-oriented programming language. It has generated a lot
of excitement because it makes it possible to program for Internet by creating Applets. Programs
that can be embedded in web page. The context of an applet can be an animation with sound, an
interactive game or a ticker tape. With constantly updated stock prices. Applets can be just little
decorations to liven up web page, or they can be serious applications like Word processor or
Spreadsheet.

But Java is more than a programming language for writing Applets. It is being used more
and more for writing standalone applications as well. It is becoming so popular that many people
believe it will become standard language for both general purpose and Internet programming.

There are many buzzwords associated with Java, but because of its spectacular growth in
popularity, a new buzzword has appeared ubiquitous. Indeed, all indications are that it will soon
be everywhere.

Java builds on the strength of C++. It has taken the best features of C++ and discarded
the more problematic and error prone parts. To this lean core, it has added garbage collection
(automatic memory management), multithreading (the capacity for one program to do more than
one thing at a time), security capabilities. This result is that Java is simple, elegant, and powerful
and easy-to-use.

Java is actually a platform consisting of 3 components

1. Java Programming Language.
2. Java Library of Classes and Interfaces.
3. Java Virtual Machine

The following sections will say more about these components.

Java is portable

One of the biggest advantages Java offers is that it is portable. An application written in
Java will run on all the major platforms. Any computer with a Java-based browser can run the
applications or Applets written in the Java-Programming-Language. A programmer no longer
has to write one program to run on a Macintosh, another program to run on a Windows-machine
still another to run on a UNIX-machine and so on. In other words, with Java developers write
their programs only once.

The Virtual Machine is what gives Java is cross platform capabilities. Rather being
compiled into machine language, which is different for each OS’s and computer architecture,
Java code is compiled into Byte codes.

With other languages, the program code is compiled into a language that the computer
can understand. The problem is that other computers with different machine instruction set
cannot understand that language. Java code on the other hand is compiled into Byte-Code rather
than a machine language. These byte codes go to the JVM, which executes them directly or
translates them into the language that is understood by the machine running it.
In summary, these means that with the JDBC API extending Java, a programmer writing
Java code can access all the major RDBMS on any platform that supports the JVM.

Java is object-oriented

The Java programming language is OBJECT-ORIENTED, which makes program design

focus on what you are dealing with, rather than on how you are going to do something. This
makes it more useful for programming in sophisticated projects, because one can break the
things into understandable components. A big benefit is that these components can then be
reused.

Object-Oriented Languages use the paradigm of classes. In simplest term, a class includes
both the data and the functions to operate on data. You can create an instance of a class, also
called an object, which will have all the data members and functionality of its class. Because of
this, you can think of a class as being like template, with each object being a specific instance of
a particular type of class.
 The class paradigm allows one to encapsulate data so that specific data values are those
using the data cannot see the function implementation. Encapsulation makes it possible to make
the changes in code without breaking other programs that use that code.

If for example, the implementation of a function is changed, the change is invisible to any
programmer who invokes that function, and does not affect his/her program, except hopefully to
improve it.

Java includes inheritance, or the ability to derive new classes from existing classes. The
derived class, is also called as Sub-Class, inherits all the data in the functions of the existing
class.

Java development environment

To code, edit, debug and test the java programs, one needs to have a java development
environment. At the minimum this will consists of a java compiler interpreter and applet viewer
where applets can be tested.
Sun’s java development kit (JDK) latest version is 2.2 can be freely downloaded from the
Internet.
Java compiler is available on DOS, Win95, WIN’NT, Solaris and MAC etc.

Introduction to JavaScript:

JavaScript
JavaScript is a new scripting language for WebPages. Scripts written with java script can
be embedded into your HTML pages. With java script you have many possibilities for
enhancing your HTML page with interesting elements. For example you are able to respond to
user-initiated events quite easily. Some effects that are now possible with java script were some
time ago only possible with CGI. So you can create really sophisticated pages with the helps of
java script on the Internet.
Difference between java and Java Script:

Although the names are almost the same Java is not the same as Java Script. These are
two different techniques for Internet programming. Java is programming language. JavaScript is
a scripting language as the name implies. The difference is that we can create real programs with
java. But java script in not real programming. Java Script is meant to be easy to understand and
easy to use. JavaScript authors should not have to care too much about programming. We could
say that Java Script is rather an extension to HTML than a separate computer language. Of
course this is not the official definition but it makes it easier to understand the difference
between java and java script.

How can Java Script scripts run?

The first browser to support java script was the Netscape Navigator 2.0 of course the
higher versions do have java script as well. You might know that java does not run on all
Netscape Navigators 2.0 (or higher versions) versions. But this is not true for java script
-although there are some problems with the different versions.
The Mac version for example seems to have many bugs. In the near future there are
going to be some other browsers, which support java script. The Microsoft Internet explorer 3.0
is going to support java script. JavaScript enabled browsers are going to spread soon - it is worth
learning this new technique now. You might realize that is really easy to write Java Script
scripts. We have to know is some basic techniques and some work-around for problems you
might encounter. Of course we need a basic. Understanding HTML before reading this tutorial
you can find many really good online resources about HTML. Best you make an online search
about ‘html’ at yahoo if you want to get informed about HTML. Now I want to show some
small scripts so you can learn how they are implemented into HTML-documents and to show
which possibilities you have with the new scripting language. The following is a very small
script, which will only print a text into an HTML document.
<html>
<head>
My first JavaScript
</head>
<body><br>
This is a normal HTML document
<br>
<script language=”JavaScript”>
Document. write (“this is a java script”)
</script><br>
Backing HTML again
</body>
</html>
If you are using a java script enabled-browser at the moment then you will have the possibility to
see this script working. If your browser doesn’t support Java Script then this output might be
some kind of strange…
This is a normal HTML document
This is java script!
Back in HTML again.
Functions

Functions are bet declared between the <Head> tag of HTML page. Functions are called
by user-initiated events. Seems reasonable to keep the functions between the <Head> tags.
They are loaded first before a user can do anything that might call a function. Scripts can be
placed between inside comment fields to ensure that older browser do not display the script
itself.
<html>
<head>
<script language=”JavaScript”>
function pushbutton (){
alert (“Hello!”);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type=”button” name=”Button1” value=”push me” onclick=”pushbutton ()”>
</form>
</body>
</html>

If we want to test this one immediately and you are using a Java Script enabled browser then
please go ahead and push the button.

This script will create a button and when you press it a window will pop up saying “hello!”.
In fact we have a lot of possibilities just by adding functions to our scripts.
The common browsers transmit the form information by either method: here’s the complete
tag including the GET transmission method attribute for the previous form
Example

<Form method =GET action=http://www.mycompany.com/cgi-bin/upfdate.pl>

………
</form>

Input elements

Use the <input> tag to define any one of a number of common form elements including
text fields multiple choice lists click able images and submission buttons. There are many
attributers for this tag only that types and name attributes are required for each element, each
type of input element uses only a subset of the followed attributes. Additional <input> attributes
may be required based upon which type of the form element you specify.

Submit button

The submit button (<input type=submit> ) does what its name implies, settings in motion
the form’s submission to the server from the browser. We many have more than submit buttons
will be added to the parameter list the browser sends along to the server.
Example
< Input type =”submit”>
<Input type=”submit” value=”submit” name=”name”>

Reset button

The reset button if firm <input> button is nearly self- explanatory; it lets the user reset
erase or set to some default value all elements in the form. By default the browser displays a
reset button worth the label “reset”. We can change that by specifying a value attribute with tour
own button label.
Life cycle models:

The stage of planning and development process involves defining, developing, testing,
delivering, operating, and maintaining a software product. Different lifecycle models emphasize
different aspects and no single lifecycle model is suitable for all software products. A lifecycle
model that is understood and accepted improves project communication and enhances project
manageability, resource allocation, cost control, and product quality.

The Phased Life Cycle Model:

The phased lifecycle model represents software lifecycle as a series of successive

activities. This phase requires well-defined input information, processes and results in well-
defined products. The phased lifecycle model consists of following phases.
Analysis, Design, Implementation, System Testing and Maintenance
This model is sometimes called the Waterfall Model, the products cascade from one level to
another in smooth progression.

Analysis Design Implementation System Maintenance

Testing
Planning,
User needs Design
Definition Details
Code, debug
and Test
Integration &
Acceptance
 Enhance, Fix
Adapt

The Analysis Stage consists of Planning and Requirements definition.

A feasibility study, developing a recommended solution strategy, determining the
acceptance criteria and planning development process. The products of planning are a System
definition and a project plan.

The Software Design follows analysis. Design is concerned with its software
components, specifying relationships among components specifying some structure, maintaining
a record of design decisions and providing blueprint implementation phase. Design consists of
detailed design and Architectural design.

The implementation phase of software development involves translation of design

specification into source code, and debugging, documenting and unit testing the source code. To
enhance the quality of the software the methods are structured control constructs, built in and
user defined data types, secure type checking, flexible scope rules exception handling
mechanism, concurrency constructs and separates compilation modules.

System Testing involves two kinds of testing integration testing and acceptance testing.
Developing a strategy for integrating the components of a software system into a functioning
requires careful planning so that modules are available for integration when needed. Acceptance
testing involves planning and execution of various tests in order to demonstrate that the
implemented system satisfies the requirement document.

The Maintenance phase comes after the acceptance of the product by the customer and
release of the system for production work. Maintenance activities include enhancements of
capabilities, adaptation of software to new processing environments, and correction of software
bugs. This project follows the Phased Life Cycle Model or the Water Fall model to a large
extent.

The analysis stage consisted of listening to the needs and requirements of the
examination department obtaining the required format of the system as desired by them, taking
the required data to be stored for future use etc., In the design stage the structure of the system
was designed and all the required screens were formatted. This was then shown to the officer’s
approval and the system was built. Implementation phase was done at PRITHVI
INFORMATICS as they provided a computer with all the required software and with required
configuration. The coding and debugging was done. Even after this stage certain changes were
made as requested by the guide.

About RAD:

Rational Application Developer is an integrated development environment [IDE] that helps Java
software developers design, develop, and deploy their applications. It contains specialized
wizards, editors, and validators for a variety of technologies:

 Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE): This architecture is used to build distributed
Web and enterprise applications. Java EE applications include: Enterprise Java beans (EJB)
applications for distributed, secure applications with transactional support, Java Persistence
API (JPA) applications to access persistent data, and JavaServer Pages (JSP) or JavaServer
Faces (JSF) for developing presentation logic.
 Web services: A Web service is a self-contained, self-describing, modular application
that can be published, located, and invoked across the Internet. Web services tools enable
software developers to discover existing Web services for integration create Web services
from existing artifacts or from Web Services Description Language (WSDL) files, and to
deploy Web services to a variety of environments.
 Service Component Architecture (SCA): SCA enables software reuse by assembling a set
of services into a composite application. SCA development tools provide graphical wiring of
components to form composite services, associate protocol bindings and quality of service
intents to SCA components, and package SCA assets for deployment.
 Extensible Markup Language (XML): XML is a generic language that can be used to
describe any kind of content in a structured way. XML is used extensively to create Web
services. XML tools include DTD, XSL, schema, and mapping editors.
 Java EE Connector (J2C): J2C tools enable applications to access operations and data on
enterprise information systems such as CICS or IMS. Wizards assist with file importing, data
mapping, and the creation of Java classes and methods to access data.
 Web application: Web applications range from Web sites, to complex applications that
use JSF to access data, or Rich Internet applications that use Asynchronous JavaScript and
XML (Ajax). The workbench includes wizards, editors, and palettes to assist with the
creation and deployment of Web applications.
Rational Application Developer includes tools to improve code quality. A Java profiling tool
helps to analyze an application's performance, memory usage, and threading problems. A
software analysis tool identifies patterns and antipatterns in application code, and compares code
to coding standards.

To manage source code, a development team can configure Rational Application Developer to
work with a source code repository system. The product ships with connectors to IBM Rational
Clear Case for source control and IBM Rational Clear Quest for defect management. It also ships
with a Rational Team Concert client that can be used for both source control and defect
management.

The workbench includes tools for deploying an application to a local or remote server. It contains
test environments for IBM Web Sphere Application Server and IBM Web Sphere Portal. It also
supports Apache Tomcat. Using these tools, a software developer can test their application
locally before publishing it to a production server.

Because Rational Application Developer is Eclipse-based, it can support the third-party plug-ins
for Eclipse, as well as plug-ins specifically for rational tools.

IBM DB2:
IBM's DB2 is a "Relational Database Management System" (RDBMS), where
the "database" contains the data you want to work with, the "management" is what you want to
do to the data, and the "system" means that DB2 is a collection of computer software programs
that perform this particular type of task. DB2 is designed to make the storage and analysis of data
easier.

DB2 can be used to manage a wide variety of data, such as the results of research experiments,
records of purchases for agency administrators, or the locations and serial numbers of pieces of
equipment. DB2 is especially effective at handling data that need to be stored securely, data that
need to be manipulated and analyzed interactively, and data that are the basis for one-time and
recurring reports. Data input, data update, data storage, data security, data extraction and
analysis, and report generation are all facilities of DB2.

A relational database management system is one in which the data can be referenced in terms of
its content, without regard to the way the data are actually stored. The database is perceived by
users to be a collection of tables. Each piece of data can be referenced independently, without
worrying about where it physically exists. Indexes provide efficient access to data in large tables.
Multiple records can be inserted, updated and deleted at the same time, and many users can
access and update data concurrently.