Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 252 views

    D P M O: Efects

    Uploaded by

    Arvinda Kumar
    This document defines key quality metrics such as defects, defect per unit (DPU), opportunities, defects per million opportunities (DPMO), and parts per million (PPM). It provides a formula to calculate DPMO based on DPU and the number of opportunities per unit. An example calculation is shown for a sample of 500 purchase orders where 10 defects were found across 2500 total opportunities. The document also includes a chart mapping sigma levels to the expected DPMO, with 6 sigma quality achieving on average 3.4 defects per million opportunities.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    D P M O: Efects

    Uploaded by

    Arvinda Kumar
    252 views8 pages
    This document defines key quality metrics such as defects, defect per unit (DPU), opportunities, defects per million opportunities (DPMO), and parts per million (PPM). It provides a formula to calculate DPMO based on DPU and the number of opportunities per unit. An example calculation is shown for a sample of 500 purchase orders where 10 defects were found across 2500 total opportunities. The document also includes a chart mapping sigma levels to the expected DPMO, with 6 sigma quality achieving on average 3.4 defects per million opportunities.

    Original Title

    DPMO

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document defines key quality metrics such as defects, defect per unit (DPU), opportunities, defects per million opportunities (DPMO), and parts per million (PPM). It provides a formula to calculate DPMO based on DPU and the number of opportunities per unit. An example calculation is shown for a sample of 500 purchase orders where 10 defects were found across 2500 total opportunities. The document also includes a chart mapping sigma levels to the expected DPMO, with 6 sigma quality achieving on average 3.4 defects per million opportunities.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    252 views8 pages

    D P M O: Efects

    Uploaded by

    Arvinda Kumar
    This document defines key quality metrics such as defects, defect per unit (DPU), opportunities, defects per million opportunities (DPMO), and parts per million (PPM). It provides a formula to calculate DPMO based on DPU and the number of opportunities per unit. An example calculation is shown for a sample of 500 purchase orders where 10 defects were found across 2500 total opportunities. The document also includes a chart mapping sigma levels to the expected DPMO, with 6 sigma quality achieving on average 3.4 defects per million opportunities.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    Defects

    Per

    Million

    Opportunities
    DPMO
    Defect :
    feature in a product or service that causes dissatisfaction
    It is a
    to the customer.

    Defect Per Unit (DPU) :


    Total number of defects in sample
    divided by
    total number of units.
    Opportunity :
    A unit may have more than one type of defect.
    Each is an opportunity.

    Ex: A watch case may have pits, burr etc.

    2
    DPMO
    Defects Per Million Opportunities (DPMO) :
    DPMO = (DPU) * 1 Million / Number of opportunities per unit
    OR
    DPMO = Defects per opportunity (DPO) * 1 Million

    Parts Per Million (PPM) :


    A Number taken as reference from the sum total of one million

    Ex. If 100 items are found defective from total numbers of items of one million.
    It shall be referred as 100PPM

    3
    DPMO
    Example
    DPMO = (DPU) * 1 Million / Number of opportunities per unit

    Ex: We checked 500 Purchase Orders (PO) and (PO) had 10 defects.
    Then DPU = d/u = 10/500 = 0.02
    In a PO we check for the following:
    1. Supplier Address/approval
    2. Quantity as per the indent
    3. Specification as per the indent
    4. Delivery requirements
    5. Commercial requirements
    • Then there are 5 opportunities for the defect to occur.
    • Then, the total number of opportunities = 5*500 = 2500

    • DPO = = 10/2500 = 0.004


    • DPMO = DPO* 1 Million = 4000

    4
    DPMO
    General Worksheet for Calculating Process Sigma
    1. Number of units processed N= -------------
    2. Total Number of Defects Made
    (Include Defects Made And Later Fixed ) D= -------------
    3. Number of Defects opportunities
    Per Unit O= --------------
    4.Solve For Defects Per Million D
    Opportunities DPMO= 1,000,000 X
    NXO
    ( )
    = 1,000, 000 X -----------------------
    ( ) ( )

    = -----------------------
    5. Process Sigma in
    Sigma Conversion table Sigma = --------------------

    5
    Sigma level Vs DPMO
    1000000
    Average Company
    100000

    10000

    1000
    Best in Class
    DPMO 100

    10

    0.1
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
    Sigma Quality Level

    6
    As Sigma increases DPMO decreases

    6 Sigma 3.4 Defects

    Sigma levels and


    Defects per million
    opportunities
    (DPMO)
    5 Sigma 233 Defects

    4 Sigma 6,210 Defects


    DPMO
    SIX SIGMA LEVEL

    3 Sigma 66,807 Defects

    2 Sigma 308,537 Defects

    You might also like