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16 MCtpnou 1976

nroxoros ~THN TETAPTH EKaOZH

& 'Iouv(ou 1979

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I Fernand Braude!, «Histoire et sciences sociales, la longue duree», aTe,; Annales E.S.c., 'OxT.-6e:x. 1958, cr. 725-753.

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I _6.~'V 6ewp"1)-c:ra. &:1tOCpa.("'D)TO \let E7t€x!:'oc6w crTt~ Ae:TC'TotLepet.EC; CXUTOU 't"ou E:1tttLo:x,ou e€p.(%"'t"o~. To !3Lj3ALO TOU A. PHILlPPSON, DasMittelmeergebiet, 1904 (4"1 itxo., ALt!>'<x 1922) ElV<XL ne:TC<xA<XLWfL~vo. rLo, VEOTe:pe:o; YEWAOYLXEo; E1;"tJy7)crEte; a eXvocyw,~crT"tJo; fLnope:I '10, eXv<XTpe:1;EL crE xA<xcrtXo, !tpy<x, onwc; SERGE VON BUBNOFF, Geologie von Europa, BepoA'vo 1927' W. VON SElDLlTZ, Diskordanz und Oro genese am Millelmeer, BEpOA[\lO 1931 -crn;OI)O<XLO !tpyo ye:VLXOU E\lOL""FePOVToc; n<xpa TO\l dOLXO ThAo TOI)' H. STILLE, Beitriige zur Geologie der westlichen Mediterrengebiete, hrsg. im Auf trag der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, rOTtYl'!1927-1935' 4:rrLcn")O; ae fLOVOypOLCPLe:C; onwc; H. ASCHAUER x<xl J.s. HOlliSTER, Ostpyreniien und Balearen (Beitr. zur Geologie der west!' Mediterrangebiete, exp. 11), Be:POA[VO 1934' WILHELM SIMON, Die Sierra Morena der Provinz Sevilla, <DPOLY"'CPOUPT"tJ 1942, 'I) a-ri)v npocrcp<XT"tJ fLEAET"tJ TW\I PALL FALLOT x<xl A, MARIN yto, TI]\1 KOpOtAALep<x TOU PLCP, no" O'Y)fLocrce:UT"tJXE TO 1944 eXno TO 'Icrn;<xvtXO 'IvcrnT"ouT"O re:WAOYLXWV xcd Me:Ta:AA!:I)TLXWV 'EPEUVWV (np!3. cXva:xaLvwcn") M. JACOB, Acadernie des Sciences, auvE8pl<Xcn")24"1~ 'AnpLAlou 1944). 'AOUV<XTW VOC 8wat.> ev<xv nA>Jp"'l xOLTcXAoyo TWV nOAucipL6fLwv zPY<X<Jtw\I TW'I P. BIROT, J. BOURCART xoct J, LECOINTRE. T-1jv bnO'Tpacp>J fLOU cr-ri] CP<x:vOfLE'JLXa nEnOLA<xtwfLE'I"tJ lmo6e:cn") TIjc; x<XT<x!3u6,cn")c; «ye:cpupWV» x<xt -1jndpwv fLoU TI]v tm<xyope:ucre a EDOUARD LE DANOlS, L'Atleatique, Irisroire et vie d'un ocean, TI<xpLm 1938. To a<x<pee; xed OUVOLfLLXO !3t!3A[O Tau RAOliL BLANCHARD, Ceographie de l'Europe, II<xpLcrt 1936, 8[VEL [OL<XtTEP'Y) cn")fL<xa,<x a-ri)v otxoyevE.L!x "TW\J !L€crOYELCO<.WV OpOCi.E:t.pwv, YI.O: "t'"tc:; o1toIsc:; TtPOTE[.",If::L -rY) YE;Vr.X-Yj O\lO~tXcrLct ~e:t.'VapLoE:C:;. rLo, TO, X<x6<XUTO ll.e:wapLXo, OP7), JACQUES BOURCART, Nouvelles observations sur fa structure des Dinerides edristiques, M<xoptT"tJ 1929. '0 p, TERMIER, A fa gfoire de 1a terre, 5"1 !txo., eX<pLEpWVe:L itv<x xEcpciAOLto cr-ri] YEwAoy[a TIjo:; 8uTtx'ije; MEcrOydou. "Orco»; dn<x nLo ncivw, 08'>1 6eA"tJcrOL vo, Ene:xT<x6w cr' OLUTo, TOC YEWAOYLXOC 7tPO!3AY)fL<XT<X OUTe X<X; ae eXVT'crTOLX<X ye:WyplXcpLXo, cre OXEcn") ILE TO crUVOAO TIjc; Mecoydou, YLo, TO, anaLa Q eXVOLYVWcrT"tJC; fLnOpe:t VOC eXV<XTpE1;eL crTo, XA<XcrIXo, !3t!3At<x. rto, TI] <nJfLEPL'I-1j x<XTcicrT<Xcn") TIjc; e:pe:uvae; x<xi yto, fLLOt Ev"tJfLEpwfLev7) !3L(3ALOyp<XCPL<X, P. BIROT x<X; J. DRESCH, La Mediterranee et Ie Moyen-Orient, 2 T., TIapLm 1953-56.

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3 'H eX<ppGt<n] e:LvGt, 'coG Strzygowski. '0 A. PHILlPPSON, o.7r., cr. 42, nGtpGtT1)pe:I 0'''' ~v 'EAAOC8Gt CYUfL(3Gt[VEL =xvoc, OTGtV xGtve:L; &vE(3GtLvEL crE: utJ;6fLe:TpO, va. nEpvii TIj 1;;wv'l] Ti'je; eALiic; xGtt Ti'je; nopToxGtALiic;, va. OtGtcrx_L1;;E' oAe:e; 'de; EUpU>7tGt'(xee; tpUT'XE:e; 1;;wve:e; xGtt va. <pTcive:t rrx_EOOV cr-roc CtlWVLGt xt6V'Gt.

4 LEON L' AFRICAIN, Description de l'Afrique, tierce partie du Monde, Lyon 1556, cr. 34.

5 President CHARLES DE BROSSES, Lettres Ismilieres ecrites en Italie, ITGtpLO" 1740, I, a. 100.

6 '0 xGtTciAo,oe; [LGtXpGt[VEL fLS: fLElciA'l] e:U>COALGt: TO Me:PXGtVTOIJp 1'<LaW &1'<0 TIj NExGttGt' b 'OAUfL1'<Oe;, "XLOVOcr-rEtp-1)e; xGtllrl'to1'<p(Xowoc;n (W. HELWIG, Brsconniers de la mer en Grece, AttJ;LGt 1942, cr. 164)' Ta. XL6vLGt TIje; LtXe:A[ou; 1'<00 <n]fLSO,wve:t b EUGENE FROMENTIN crro Voyage en Egypte, ITGtp[at 1935, cr. 156' xGtt «GtuTIj Yj "mGtLmGt EP'l]fL0C; &1'<0 X,6vLJ) XOVTa. aTIjv 'Epl;sopoufL, YLOC TIjv b1'<OLGt xcivEL A6yo b XOfl-'l]e; DE SERCEY ( Une embesssde extraordinaire en Perse en 1839-1840, IT GtpEm 1928, O'. 46) eXvGt<pe:p6fl-EVOC; crroc J3ouva. TIje; 'ApfLEVLGte;. BA. btL<n]c; crro (3'(3ALO TOG GABRIEL ESQUER, Ieonographie de l'Algerie, ITGtPLcrt 1930, TIjv evruTCwO'troOJ AL8oYP"'tpta TOG Raffet "oc TIjv tm:oxwP>J<n] TIjc; K",Vcr-rGtVTLV>Je; TO 1836,1'<00 fiG.: Tdcrre:uE xGtvde; 1'<We; dXOVL1;:e:L TIjv ExcrrPGtTdGt TIje; PwO'LGtC;. ~H Tte; AE1t1:0[LEpE'Ee; noo &VGt<pEPE' b H.C. ARMSTRONG (Grey Wolf, Mustafa Kernel, 1933, a. 68 TIje; fl-e:T&'tpPGt<n]C; TOG Mustapha Kernel, 1933), ,ta. TOOe; 30.000 TOUpXOUe; crrPGt"t:LW"t:Ee; 1'<00 Gti<pv,8LocGSO b Xe:tfLWVou; cr-roc (3ouva. TIje; pwaOTOUpXL>C'ijC; fLE8oPLOU ~ StOCPXEtGt TOU 1'<OAEfLOU 1914-1918 XGtt 1'<E6GtvGtv a"t:OL(3OC)'fLEVOL b i!;vw:, TCOCVW O'TOV &llo yr.&. vcc <:ECM"cx6ou'Vt Koct -roue; 01tOLOU~ ~OAU xcxt.po &:py6··n~fJCi -roue; & v coccXAU~CC\I pwO'txe:c; 7tEphtoAOL. r.oc TIj OLGt-nJp'l]<n] -rOU XtOVtou ~v ' A<pp!.X-1) (3A. T7Jv 1'<GtPGt-nJp'l]<n] TOG P. DIEGO DE HAEDO, Topograffa e historia general de ArgeJ, Vallaclolid 1612, cr. 8v: « ... en Jas montanas mas altas del Cueo 0 del Labes (do todo e1 ana esta la nieve)JJ. 'AAAe:TCciA)':f)AEe; XLOVOnTWGSOL<; eawcrGtv T7J rpGtv&.oGt TO 6.e:xEfl-(3pLO TOU 1568. DIEGO DE MENTOZA, Guerra de Granada, Biblioteca de autores espafioles, T. XXI, a. 75.

? rtG.: -rOV 6.0'1 Kcip),oe;, TO XctAu-rspo J3t(3ALo Tl:GtpGtfLEVE' TOU LOUIS·PROSPER GACHARD, Don Carlos et Philippe II, 1867, 2"'1 6<0., 2 T. To np6(3A>JfLGt TtfiETGt. c,GtvG.: &1'<0 TOV LuDWIG PFANDL, Johanna die Wahnsinnige, Freiburg im Breisgau 1930, a. 132 xL 'H OtOCTpL(3-1) TOU VICfOR BIBL, Der Tod des Don Carlos, BtEvVf) 1918, e:Tvat &noppt1'<TE:Gt.

• Voyage faiet par may Pierre Lescalopier, XE'p6ypGttpo H.385, 'IGtTpLx1J LXOA-1) TOU Movne:AAtt, fO 44 xGtl 44 v, 0>JfL0<rLEUfLE:VO fLl: cn;vTofLEucrEte; &no TOV EDOUARD CU;;RAY fLO: -rov T[-rAO: «Le voyage de Pierre Lescalopier Parisien de Venise a Constantinople I' an 1574», GTIj Revue d'Histoire Diplomatique, 1921, G.21-55.

9 SALOMON SCHWEIGGER, Ein newe Reissbesehreibung auss Teutsehland nach Constantinopel und Jerusalem. NuPe:fL(3EPiYI 1639, cr. 126.

to BELON OU MANS, Les observations de ... singularites, TIctpb, 1553, G. 189. 11 Lettres du &ron de Busbee, ITGtpLm 1748, I, G. 164' II, G. 189.

12 S. SCHWEIGGER, 0.1'<., G. 125.

13 J. SANDERSON, The Travels of John Sanderson in the Levant (1584-1602), 1931, O'. 50, <n]fL. 3.

14 S.M. Add. 28488, fO 12, 1'<SOp, TO 1627. .

15 A.N.A.E.B' 890, 22 'Iouv[ou 1754.

16 rtOC -roc 1'<Gt,WTa. xGtl-rle; ,PGtVhE<; ~)" FRANKLIN, Diet. Hist. des Arts, cr. 363-4' Eneiclopedia Italiana, Treccani, A'ijfLfLGt "Gelato)).

17 JEAN DELUMEAU, La vie economique a Rome, 1959, I, G. 398. ITp6-rGt<n] ,La. T7JV Em(3oA-1) tp6pou E1'<' TOU X'OVLOU, A.d.5. N"'1'<OA'l], Sommaria Consultationum, 7, f" 418-420, 19 'IouALou 1581.

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18 ORTEGA Y GASSET, Pspeles sabre Velazquez y Coye, Mo:OPLTIJ 1950, a. 120. 19 PETRUS CASOLA, Viaggio e Ieruselemme, 1494 (itxo. MtAwoU, 1855), cr. 55.

20 Museo Correr, Cicogna 796, [tinersire de Gradenigo, 1553. , • • ,

21 ITp!3. <:ma-t"OA-YJ TaU 1552 &1"1:0 TO" Villegaignon 1"1:1'0<; TO (3cmtAE~ T'ij<; r,~too;: ," OA,,), 7J 1"I::,~ciAtOC , , , r ~TOC ~ N ocnoA'" XocL cX:no -M, N ocnoA>") crr-l] Lt=A(OC x)..e:tVe:TOCt cerro <¥7JAOC (301)''OC rrou e:J_OUV

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aTO Bulletin Hist. et Phi). du Comite des tra vaux hist. et scient., 1901, a. 5 5- .

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"AAAIX 11:a.AI. (30UV&. 1jTIXV 11:AOUmlX E!;IXLT[lXs TWV [3poXWV: crUfLcpwvlX [.LE TOV Arthur Young, (JTO [.Le:(JOye:~IXXO x).([.L1X TO E:~IX~Os ~EV E:XE~ [.Le:ya.A"1) CJ"1)[.LIX(J[IX· «oAIX El;IXPTWVTlXt &11:0 TO ve:po XlXt TOV 7)AtQ»). O[ "AA11:Ets, T&. TIUp"Y)VIXLIX, TO P[cp, ,&. KIX[3UAtlX, {3ouv&. EXTe:6e:I.[.Ltvoc: crTOV OCV€:fLO TOU 'ATAlXvnxou, OEV 11:IXUOUV W(JTOcrO \I&. dvlX~ T611:ot XAOEPO£, 011:0U TO XOPTa.p~ cp1.>TpWve:L n:uX'J0 XlXt T&. oa.CJ"1) dvlXl. [31X6ucrxI.WTIX.25

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22 V. BERARD, Les navigations d'Ulysse, II, Penelope et les Barons des lies, 1928, cr. 318,319. IIw<; v&. fL-YJ (3AEnoufLe: <XUTOU<; TOUe; op",a[(3tOu<; crfJp."'poc on:w<; xcd TO" 1tciA~o xoctp6: n:pOJ_TEe;, fLe:TOCVOCaTe:<; fLocupo(30UVLWTe:e; n:ou n:1jyo<tvrx.v crr-l]v 'AfL"'pt:x.1j· XTE<;, cnprx.T~WTe:<; aTOV n:6Ae:fLO -rij<; TOUpXtx")<; &v",~ocPT7)a[oce;, aUvt"oq:>Ot TOU MouaTrx.<ptx7) TOU<; e:tx6v<X. o(ve:t ;, H.C. ARMSTRONG, (Mustapha Kemsl; 5. tt: , a. 270): <XTOCXTOt TOU "npocaLvou =paTOU» TOU 'ETJ_E:fL TOU K~px<xmou, ,,<xyptot, fLE: Ehjp~wo>") <puawyvwfL[a», crwfLOCTO<pUAro<",e; TOU MouaToc<p j.LE: TO n;pov6fLw v&. o<ocTIJpouv TO<; e&J<xe<; TOUe; aTOAE:e; xocL TO':'<; xopou<; TOUe;, TO Xopo ((l;;e:fLn:Ex» ..". AUo 1tOCpc<oe:tyj.Lrx. dvcu TWV Koupowv: yo&. TU; fLocupe:e; cr><.7JVE<; TOU<;, yt&' T&. n:oc~tfLC<O<oc TOU<; 1te:pwa6Te:po fLE: ocxupo Ttcx.pa. IJ-E Gl.TapJ.J yt& TO xa::rcrr.xtato -rupL 1:'ou~J Ked Tl) ~un) TOU~ yE'J!'X&:, U7ta.pxouv ~pl.)(EC;; <nJfLe:<wazt<; TOU x6fL7JTOe; DE SERCEY, 0.1t., cr. 216, 288, 297.

23 IIp6Aoyoe; aTO L 'Homme et la Montagne TOU JULES BLACHE, o.Jr., cr. 7.

24 PIERRE VlLAR, La Catalogne dans l'Espagne Moderne, I, 1962, a. 209. 'H <PPC<<nJ TaU Arthur Young &Vrx.q>EPZT<X.t aTO WW, a. 242.

25 POq> XOCL • ATAoc<;, "01<OU TO TUn:tXO <pOCY7JTO dvoct ;, ruxOAofLocydpEUTO<; XUAOt; j.LE: XOUXt&' xrx.l AOCOL», J. BLACHE, 5.Jr., a. 79-80.

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26 '!'»,>ouc; -rOU Nocu1j, II, 15-16. Mc:-roc TIJ\I tX11:0-ruXLCt. -ojc; au\lU>!-L0crLet.c; -cou crTIJ AWPEV-rLCt., (, M11:0UOV-r,e:A!-L0'J-r< tXvCt.t;"Y)-rCi xCt.-rCt.cpuyw CITOC -rocrxCt.\nxoc 'Am''Jv<vCt. (AUGUSTIN RENAUDET, Mschievel, 1941, cr. 108). Ol Kp7J-rr.xol, ytOt '.lOt ~c:cpuyouv ,x11:0 TOUe; xoupcrapoue; xCt.l TOt TOUPXtXCt. xCt.pa!3<Ct., xCt.-recpwyCt.v CITOC 13oU\lOt TOU V7Jcrwu TOUe; (B.N. IICt.pLm, ItaL 427, 1572, [0199').

27 AUTIJ e:lvc<.! -YJ a11:0<Y"Y) TaU PAUL VIDAL DE LA BLACHE, Principes de geographie humaine, TI<xptm 1922, cr. 42. 'A"oc~ao: a"dL ncxpcx.OE[)'tLCLTa: not.. &'voccpepEI. eLvoct. Ot TpavauA~ct.vr.XE:~ ~AA-rrEt.~, on:ou Ct\I(X.cruyxPO-re:h<XL 0 POUfLCt.VtXOe; ACt.OC;, TOC BCt.AxavtCt., 011:0U reCt.p0!-Lolu>C;, &\1 xCt.l crE: fLLXP-lJ xAlfLCt.X<X, ,xvcmuyxpo-r':;;-rCt.L (, !30UAYotpLXO<; Aot6c;, (, KCt.uxaccroe;, xAre ....

2& ANDRE BLANC, La Croatie occidentale, 1957, cr. 97.

29 BENJAMIN DE TliDELA, Voyage du celebre Benjamin autour du monde commence l'en MGXXIII, !-L-rcpp.

Pierre Bergeron, XaY"YJ 1735, cr. 10.

30 VICTOR BERARD, La Turquie et J'helJenisme contemporain, 1893,0".247.

31 F.C.H.L. DE POUQUEYILLE, Voyage en Grece, 1820, T. III, cr. 8 xcd 13' V. BERARD, 0."., cr. 79-83 xac, 247. rL& TOUe; BAax_ouc; xCt.l TOUe; , AppofLou\louC; -YJ CPLAOAOyLCt. dvCt.< &cp80v"y) ." Op<crfLEVe:C; o,e;uxp<v1jcre:,c; (3plcrxE< xotvde; Q"TOV J. BLACHE, 0.".,0". 22· J. CYUIC, La Peninsule belkanique, IICt.ptm 1918, cr. 115, 178, (<r"YJfL. 1),202-203.

32 Luca Michieli, 25 'OXT. 1572, Relszioni; A.d.5. Re:Ve:-rLCt., Collegio Secreta, filza 18.

33 Don Quichotte, -ro E:11:e:LcrOSW TOU KCt.pOE\lLO, «la razon que os ha traido (pw-roc (, L1C1COT7Jc;) a vivir y a morir en estes solededes como hruto animal».

34 Discorso sopra Ie due montagne di Spadan e di Bernia (1564 'ij 1565}. Si';'ancas EO 329. Noc 11:<xpCt.!3A"Y)8e:i:, xCt.-roc TIJ yv6:.!-L,» !-LOU, fLE: TO eyypCt.<po -oje; B.N. II<xp,crt, Esp. 177: Instrucci6n a vos Juan Baptista Antonelli, para que vays a reconoscer el sitio de 1a Sierra de Vernia (,xxp.).

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35 TIp'" TtC; rr ' - P D Le D 1

" tJ. "otPot"':'lp,»cre:<e; TOU AUL ESCAMPS, Portugal, a vie socisle actuelle, 1935, <rXc:-rLXOC !-LE TIJ

2:LC:E'PCt. \lTE: EcrTPEY'ot, cr. 123-124, !-LE TIJ ALYO-rEPO <ire' O,-rL CITO Boppoc ,x\lCt.re-ruYfLtv7J 11:0LfJ-eVtx-lJ t;w-lJ T7]e;.

36 r' ., 'Y' 1)' , ,

t": Ct.UTO -ro L,7JT7JfLot, uo A<XfL11:PC:C; crC:AL1)Ee; TOU PAUL VIDAL DE LA BLACHE, Principes de geographie

humaine, 1922, cr. 188-189. 01 tSec:e; -rOU J. CYUIC reavw cr' Ct.u-rO TO 6EfL<X ,xVot",..ucrcrOVTott !-LE -rporeo ~pxe:TOC 8~AO CITO yCt.A).OyAw;rcro !3ti3ALO TOU, La Peninsule halkanique, 1918. 2:Xe:-rr.xoc !-LE: -roue; Ope:LVOUe; ~ypO-rLX?UC; auVOLXLcrfL0UC;, o PAUL VIDAL DE LA BLACHE <r"YJflZLWVe:L: «T'c' "'UTOU<; TOU<; &v6pWTCOUC; eyp~<pc: o K~VcrT~-r!\lOC; II~pcpupoytVV7J-roc;: TOUe; dvCt.t ,xOU\lCt.TO ',lOt ,xve:x6ou\I TIJv UTt<xp!;7J -ojc; fLtCie; XCt.AU(3Ct.C; reACt.t crT7JV Ct.AA1"P', 0."., cr. 188.

37 «Crundlinien der Geographie und Geologie von Mazedonien und Alt-Serbien» CITO Petermanns Mitteilungen aus J. Perthes Geographischer Anstalt, Erganzungsheft n? 162 1908. '

38 'H 0!-L0PCp"y) dxovCt. :cou "XU>PLOU-11:0A,»e;)) -ojc; ·EAAaSet.c;: J. ANCEL, Les ~uples et nations des Balkans 1926, cr. 110-111. Zwv-rCt.v7] tX11:0SEL!;'» CITO !3L!3ALO TOU MARTIN HURUMANN, Griechenland mit Rhodo; ~n~ Zypren, ZU?_(x:rl 193~, <1., 2~,. -YJ im:ep,ox"y) <PWTOYPCt.CP[Ct. TOU EAA"Y)VtXOU x_u>ptoU ' Apax_o[?>Ct., O"E UY,Of_LE::PO 942, !-Le:-rpU>\I; re~u>. cx.;co e:ve: -rorno xCt.A).,e:pyc:tWV crE: avcx.!3ac6!-LLCke; CITle; reAacytec; -rOU TICt.pvCt.crcrou. XWpto YVWCITO yLCt. -rCt. U<pCt.VTCt. -rOU.

37

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LE ye:VLXEe; ypOCfL(LEe; AOmO\l (L71:0POU(Le: va fLLAa(Le: YLa cX.pOCLWcrIJ TOU Ope:LVOU OLXLcr(LEVOU XwpOU xoc1 <ixo(LY] 71:EpLaa6Te:po yL<X XOCA&'pWcrYj xoc1 ci,EAELOC TOU TrOAlTLafLou, cX.71:0PPOLOC T'ije; cX.VETrOCpXOUe; cX.71:occrxoAY]GY]C; ,WV civElpw71:w\I. '0 Heinrich Decker

r " '...' - "A'" 42N'

a' evoc WPOCLO [3l[3ALO (Le:Ae:'7)crs TOV XOCAALTe:X_VLXO TrOAL,Lcr(L0 TWV AITSWV_ <Xl,

39 '0 PAUL ARQUE, Geographie des Pyrenees Frsnceises; 1943, a. 48, S:7tL<nJfLc,t(Ve:L 8n ot xaJV..u:PY'lf1.tve:c; Ex,,xaS:Le; ,W'J yrxAALXW'J TIuP-rJ'JC«w'J, crufL'Pw'Ja fLE ,oue; Un:OAOYLafLoue; ,OU re:o,;LXOU 'En:,6s:wp7J'ou Thierry, «fLn:opou'J v& auyxpL60uv fLE ",VOC; [Leaou oLC<fLs:poafLC<'oc;)). 'On:wao-1)n:o,s: -Yj 7tc<prx.--fJp-rJ<nJ dvaL oLrxq>wnanx-1).

40 LXE:'rtxa.+L€: ~'V KOpcrlxY], [3"A. -rryv TrOCpa:.t\.le-rlX-Yj E7Lta-roA'1J TOU F. Borromeo n:po.:; TO~ ~bdcrx.01CO "TOU AL<Xx~OU (14 Noe:fL{3P. 1581, EXO. VITIORIO ADAMI, «I Manoscritti della Bibliotheca Ambrosiana di Milano, relativi aHa storia Corsican, cr-ro Archivio storico di Corsica, 1932,3, cr. 81). Meac< an:o ,ic; 'Jou6e:aLec; -rou &'Jrx7tAoc60up.e: -rijv n:S:PLn:ArxV-rJ-rLX7J L;w-l] ,OU S:7tLcrx6n:ou, ,it; 1tOpe:~s:c; ,ou fLE ,& 'P0P,wfLe'JC< t;wc< ,OU fL'XpOU Xc<pc<!3=LOU ,ou n:oc'JW cr,o {3ou'J6. Koc'JS:,S: -rij cruYXPlC>-rJ fLS: ,ic; oucrxoALE'; n:ou cru'J,xv'7)as: a,o ,c<I;OOL ,OU, cr-rlc; "AAn:ELe; {3e{3C<lC<, ,0 1580, 0 "AyLOe; KOCpOAOe; Mreoppoueo :ry a S:7tLcrxOn:O<; ,OU N,&1; ,0 XEL[LWvrx 1toc'Jw a,&, OAoXL6'JLa,c< {3oU'JCt.-'ijc; LAa{3ovlC<C; (8n:.cr-rOA1) ,ou n:poe; (3c<mAec<, 'IrxvouocpLO<; 1573, ERNEST CHARRIERE, Negociations de la France dans Ie Levant, 1840-1860, III, a. 348-352). N& xUxAoq>ops:I xrx'Jd.; cr-r& ,upw !'louv&' .-'ijc; PrxyouL;ac; ,0 XetfLwVC< dVC<L fL'& ooxtp.a.aia «11:0t.. at cruvE7tEt.e£; TIjC; eIvcxr. cruxjb. 7tOAU ETtcx.X6etc; ytet ~v uye[a,», E:7tCXX6e"U; a" ~xr. 6cxvaT-rJq>ops:e; (12 NoefL{3p. 1593), ityypc<<po 0-rJfLomeufLevo &'n:o ,O'J VLADIMIR UMANSKY, Secrets d'Etat de Venise, 1884, cr. 104. TIpl.v &.n:O TO 1923, xPS:Lc<L;6,av &.x6fL-rJ Tpele; fLeps:e; YL& 'J& fLs:,rx<PE:POUV ,oc 8fL1t0Pe:UfLC<'C< an:o -rij BL,xWC< 'J,ou Kacr-reAou cr-ro cr-rOfLLO TOU A[fLa (P. DESCAMPS, 0.7<., a. 18).

41 '0 RENE MAUN[ER, Sociologic et Droit romain, 1930, o: 728, (3M7teL cr-r-Jjv xa{3uAOx7J n:pocrye:o,;oc1] Oi.xOyeve:Lrx [u& 1tCX,pLaPXLx-1) oLxoyevS:La, fLL':' pWfLa'lx-l] gens, Mova n:rxPrxAAC<YfLEv-rJ {3e{3rx'c<. LXS:T<x& fLS: ,OV ol.xovOfLLXO &'PXrxIafLo ,au {3ouvou, n:ou eXS:' cru)("oc E:rrLC>-rJfLc<v6d, {3A. CHARLES MORAZE, Introduction 11 Fhistoire economique, 1943, a. 45-46. LXS:-rLx&' fLE c<u'o n:ou b J. CVUle ,x1tOXaAe:i: ,<.-e:Ae:LO- 7tOL1')fLev-rJ n:c<,PLrxPX<xO'7),rxn ,wv os:,vc<p<xw'J n:s:pLOXWV, (3A. La Peninsula belksnique; 5.7<.,-a. 36. 'Eyw 7tPOTLfL(;) TIJv EXq>pexcr-fJ -rou "ope:ov& 'J-rJaLcl:» (OTO 1&0, a. 29). To MrxuP0{30UVLO, c<u,o ,0 oxupo, x, <XAAOO o/-rJAol. ,07tOL, Aeeo, crufLn:s:p''Pep67]xc<'J ",x11:0 xm'Jwv<x'ijc; n:AS:UPOCc; a&" 'J-rJcr!OC». ro& TIJ Z,xo,;-rpouyxex, /0J..o 1tapocil:e:oYfL'" XOLVWV1.XOU ,xPxai:afLou, R_ BUSCH.ZANTNER, Alhanien, At<j;Lrx 1939, cr. 59.

42 Berockplastik in der Alpealiindern, Bt~ 1944. rL& TO'J XOLVWVLXO n:epLYUPo ,W'J "AAn:e:w'J,-1) fLe:y<XA'YJ cruL;~aLfL7J xrxt auL;-rJ-r-rJfL€"-rJ fLe:MT-rJ ,OU A. GUNTHER, Die alpenliindische Gesellschaft, 'leva

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1930. 'E'Jo'C<'PEpouas:e; ot n:c<pC<-r-rJp-1)aS:Le; ,OU J. SOLCH, «Haum und Gesellschaft in der Alpen» cr-ro Geogr_ Zeitschr., 1931, a. 143-168.

43 np{3. ,le; EVOLa<pE:pOuae:c; fLe:Ae,e:e; TOU J. PUle I CADAFALC, L'arquitectura romanica a Catalunya (as: cruve:pyc<a,c<), BOCPXEAWV-rJ 1909-1918' Le premier art roman, TIocp(crL 1928.

44 P. ARQUE, 5.7<., a. 69.

45 :E-rij BS:-r<x7J xwpex, -Yj Pc:,fL'YJ S:7tL-C-U"(XOC'JS:L a,oUc; XafL-rJAou<:; ,07tOUe;, xa,&' [L'ijxoe; ,WV 7tO'C<fLw'J, 7tOA'; n:s:pLaao,s:po &.n:' 8,,, cr-r& opon:eota, G. NIEMEIER, Seidlungsgeogr. Untersuchungen in Niederandalusien, 'AfL!3ouPYo 1935, cr. 37. LTIJv ope:Lv7J BLl 'Icrn:rxvLoc, on:ou 8fLw,; n:ao1;;e:. POAO xc<l -1) ,xn:0cr.-C<<nJ, -Yj PWfL-rJ OLe:Laoue:L ,xve:n:rxpx&c; xrxt xc<6ucr-re:P1')fLE:'Jrx, R. KONETZKE, Geschichte des spanischen und portugiesischen Volkes, AL<j;LC< 1941, a. 31.

46 ALBERT DAUZAT, Le village et le paysan de France, 1941, a. 52.

39

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47 K6[l:IJe; DE SERCEY, 0."'., cr. 104: IIapO<T»paufLS: n:o<p' 011.0< O<t)1:& o-n (scp6aav xaps:uauv) at YU"CXLxe:e;

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48 BA_ 7ta.pcotcX"'t"w -roc xecp&Acu.cx. YLa. "'C"ouC; Mrxupr.rctvou,;; "t' _ B r, fJ-EPOC; oeu'"t"e:po, xe<p. V, {(Ot XOLV(il'VLE~»

xcxl T. T", fLspoe; Tp[Ta, xs:cp .. III, «~-.;te;C<TtCXpxE:e; TIje; Atyxcxc;: 1566-1570}).

49 L.TIJv Xo<pOlCt TOU AUfL7ts:O'6v, TO AaupfLO<psv, TO KO<fLn:PlSP, TO Ms:plvTOA )(.o<t XO<fL~& eLxoacxp'& 1iAAs:~ 7tOAtXVs:e; -07tOU Yj it.ypw: l:w-,], 01 .xYO'l6XOtpm, 0. aAs:7touos:e; xcxl 0. Auxol E(3p~6av- 'liT"''' TCX XCXTO<CPUY'O< ,c;,v t..lO<fLCXP=O'O~wv (J.L. VAUDOYER, Beautes de la Provence, IIo<ptcrl 1926, cr .. 238). M-Ijv !;€xyCifLS: ,oue; BWVTOU& TIje; L.cx(3otcxe; &JV,.& xcxl TWV 'A1ts:wtvwV, crTO (3cxcrtA€la TIje; Na1taA>,)e;. «To xtv>,)[.La -r:wv K0<6",pwv», itypo<cpS: a MARC BLOCH, "E!;sn:s:as: crE: fLl& crxoTS:Wij CXtpE<n] ops:a£(3Lwv (3oaxWV}), =.x Annales d'histoire sociaie, 1940, cr. 79.

50 '0 MouptO~crfL6e;. IIp(3 .. L.E. HOUZAR, «La Tragedie circassienne», 1tEp .. Revue des Deux Mondes,

15.6.1943, a. 434-435.

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51 FRANCISCO BERMUDEZ DE PEDRAZA, rpcxvaoo< 1637, f" 95v, To <X7tOcrTI<XafLCX 1to<pot·"6S:TO<L XCXL fLETot<ppai;S:Tcxl axo ,ov REINHART .. PIETER A. Dozv, a-.:ov 07t010 &V-,]XEL -Yj TLfL-ij ilTl &VW<.OCAU<j>s: TO hlp<X.LO CXUTO xdfLS:VO (H. des Musulmans d'Espagne, 1861, II, cr. 45, <n]EL. 1). IIavTwe; a &(3&c; DE VAYRAC (Etat present de J'Espagne, Amsterdam 1719, I, cr. 165) U7tocr"1P[i;S:L n:e; at XcX;TOlXOt cxuTol ,WV 'AA7touXappcxc;, 7tcxp6TL XPLcrTLOCVOt, dvcx, Mcxup"o<vol7t01J OlO<...-ijp>,)cro<v TOV 1tcxAl6 TOU<; Tp6n:a l:w'ije;, T& pauxcx TOUe; XCXL TIJv [OLCXLTS:O''Y) yAwcrcra TOUe;, n:ou dVO<l itvcx Ts:pO<TWOEe; fLtYfLO< <xO'cx(3'xwv xcxl La7taVLXWV».

52 'H 'AYtcx, we; n:CXlOt, xcx,s:u6UVs:-r:CXL xl6Acxc; EvCX 7tpwl fLo<l:l fLE: TOV <XOS:A<p6 T»e; n:poe; TO (3ouv6, fLE: TIJv SA7t(OO< v& (3O's:;: exe;: TO fLcxpruPlO: GUSTAV SCHNURER, Katholische Kirche und Kultur in der Barockzeit 1937, cr .. 179 .. LoUIS BERTRAND, Sainte Therese, 1927, cr .. 46-47. ' 53 E .. BAUMANN, L 'anneau d'or des grands Mystiques, 1924, cr. 203-4.

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55 R. MONTAGNE, Les Berberes et le Makhzen dans le Sud du Maroc, 1930, cr. 83. .

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59 A.s.v. Senate, Dispacci Spagna, M<X0pl-t-"1J, 6 'IoUVLOU 1611, Priuli 1tpo<; L'l.6Yl').

60 To <pCLov6fLE:'V0 ,0 dX<Xv 1t<xp<X1:"1)p-IjaEL -i]0"1J eX1tO 1t<xA<lX. '0 Lovs LE RoY, De I'excellence du gouverne· ment royal, TICLpLaL 1575, a. 37, ypa<pEL: ,,'H YEfLa1:"1) [3ou'Va, [3p"'xou<; ><",l. oaO"1), 1tp6a<poP"1J YLCt !3oax6,01tou<;, xwp<x, 15nou u1tapxouv 1tOAAO' <p,WXOL, 15n:w<; aufL(3"'(VEL CYt'0 fLEY<XAU,EPO TfL7if1;ot T7j<; 'EA!3E:TLCL<;, dV<XL mo ~n:LppE7d]<; a-rYj 0"1JfLo><P<X'[cx. .. 'H nEoLvi] XWpCL ... 01tOU (3PLaxOV,<XL 1tE:pLaa01:e:pm 7tAOU(Jt.Or. XOCL EUyEVEt<; e:rvocr. TCr.a €:TCl.ppe-rdJc; c:rt7rv cXPl.IJ"t'OKPOCTia.». ~O JEAN BODIN, Les six Jivres de la Re¥ publique, 1583, <S. 694, cXvot<pEPE:L 15Tt 0 A~wv 0 'A<ppt><CL'VO<; ~VTU1tWaLcX{£1:<XL &'rri> TI]v E:UPWaTLCL ,illv 0pE:a[!3twv ,au 0pou<; Me:yxe:,l:;:&, Evill ot xa,OL><OL T7j<; 1tEOL,xOot<; e:LV<XL fLL><p6<sw!LOL: ,,'H aW!LCLTtx-y) pwp.'J) xa.i. -YJ QUVCXtL7J XO:\lOUV TOUe; ope:ar:~r.ous va &yOC1t"ou\J TIj ACX;"CX-Yj EAEU6e:PLOC 01tWt; E:L7tcq.J.e Kal yr.&. TOU<; 'EA[3E't"OU<; Xot1. ,ou<; rxpLl:;:6v». '0 MEaCLLw'VCL<; aTI]v KopaL><-Ij, AEEL b LoRENZI DE BRADI, La Corse inconnue, 1927, a. 35, d'V<XL !LL';" fLEY<XAELWO"1J<; nE:p[ooo<; ~AEUBEpLCL<;. «'H Kopmx-Y) o~ eXve:x6,<x'V v,;" T7j<; 1tcdp'Vou'V ,0 1tPO'LOV T7j<; ~pyCLaL<X<;1:"1)<;. To yaACL eX1t' 'd<; ><CL,af.><E:<; 1:"1)<; ><<xl. 'i] aOOEL';" ,WV ><,xfL1tWV 1:"1)<; cXv7j><ocv a' acuTI]v ><otl. fL6vo a' acll'0l'V». Kot1. 0 H. TAINE, aTO Voyageaux Pyrenees, 1858, u. 138: ,,'H EAe:u6e:pf.oc <pUTPW<SE ESill crypLOC ><<XL OUaTpo1t"1) eX1tO TI]V mo 1t<XALCt eXPXotL01:"1)'OC».

61 ARRIGO SOU11, "La Corsica», a,o Archivio storico di Corsica, 1925, <S. 32.

44

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v"Y),62 7tet:paOe:Ly(.Lcx 1) [3e:p[3e:plX-1] y7j, 1) KopGLx1j, -Y) 'AA[3et:vlcx.. '0 Marc Bloch,63 [J-E e:UXet:LPLCX xocnme:e:; (.LEAETe:e; y~eX TYJ Let:po"Y)v£cx., Ttcx.pcxT"Y)pe:'i: OT~ Xet:T.x TO Msacx.[wvcx «-Y) xmVWVLet: EXe:r: yvwpLae: TO TL[J-CXpLWTtXO aUGT"Y)(.Let:, 8XL TIj ~e:OUOCXPXtcx.», YLa TO A6yo OTl TO V"f)a!. (3pE6"Y)x.e: «YLa. (.LEyOCAo XPOVlXO OLocaT"Y)(.Lcx. st;c.u &:71."0 "T.x (.Le:yOCACX pe:U(.Let:Tet:

TCOU aapwvcx.v T-Ij'll -1)TtELPO». AUTO ll7tOypcx.(.L(.Ltt;;e:L TOV V'YlmWT~Xo Xcx.pcxx-nlPcx. T7je:; Lcx.p~7)v[cx.e:;, 0 OTto1:oe:;, e:IVcx.L 0CA1j6e:lcx., GToc8"f)xe: Xet:80PLGTtXOC; TtCXPOCYOVTOCe:; YLex. TIJv i.crTOpLtx T"Y)e:;. ' A)"Aex. aLnAet: aTe'll TCcx.payoVTtx cx.UTOV 0TI"7jPxe: xcx.t 0 TCcx.pOCYOVTcx.e:; [3ouv6. To "ouvo ~Xe:t rO""Y) e:utJuv"y), &',1 8Xt (.Le:ycx.AUTEp"y), yta -TIjv OCTto(.L6'11wO""Y) TWV TtA"Y)6ua(.Lwv· cx.lho ye:vvii, &:x6(.L"Y) xcx.t (.LTCpoO"'t'a aT.x OtXOC (.J.et:c:; (.J.OCTLcx., TOUe; TtCX6Lcx.a!-lEvouc xcxt axA"Y)pOUC:; 7tCXpOCVO(.Loue:; GTO 'Opyx6S0AO xcxl OCAAOU, TOUC; OTto(oue:; o07Jyd aT-Ijv EI;Eye:pO""YJ -Yj Eyxcx.8topuO""Y) TOU aUyxpovou XpOCTOUC:; xcx.l-Yj E(.LcpOCVLO""YJ TWV xcx.pOC(.LTtLVLEpWV. 01. EElvoypoccpm xcxl oi XtV"y)f1.cx.Toypcx.~La"TE:e:; ~vLwacx.v cx.uTIJ TIJ GUyxtV"Y)TtX-Ij Ttpcx.y[J-cx.nX6T"Y)Tet:. «"07towe:; OE:V xAE[3sm, AEEt 0 -1lpwcx.c:; evoc:; acx.pa"Y)VtCXXOU (.Lu6taTOp1j(.Lcx.TOe;, «OE'II e:Ivcx.t &VTpCXC;».64 Kocl. -Yj c(AA"Y) ~POCO""YJ «TO v6(.L0 -rov op£SW EyW xcx.l 7tcx[pvw 0, -rt (.LOU xocve:m.65

"A v 6 XOt'llWVtxoe:; ocpXet:La[J-oe:; (OTtOU auyxet:TOCAEye:Tcx.L xet:l-Yj [3EVTETet:) aLcx.T"Y)pe:'i:Tet:t aT-lj Lcxpo7Jv[cx., OCAA.x xcxl aT-Ij Aouv~Tt;;OCVcx. xcx.l aTIJv KCXAcx.[3p[cx. xcx.l. Ttet:VTOU, OTtOU -Y) TCCXpcx.-nlP"Y)G"Y) (fhcx.v e:LVcx.L ~uvet:-TIj) (.Liie:; &:TtOXcx.AU7tTe:L (.Lla OCTt6aTcx.O""YJ &:TCO TOC (.Le:yOCAcx. pe:U(.LCXTcx. TIje; i.aTOptoce:;, cxlho GU(.L(3CXtVe:l ytex. TOV &7tAO Myo OTl "TO f3ouvo e:lVet:L [3ouv6. "Evcx E(.LTC6ow. Kcx.t. (.Lcx.sl XCXTCX~UyW, A"Y)(.LEPL ytex. TOUe:; EAe:u8e:poue:; &:v8pwTtOue:;. 'Exe:'i: oi. ~pcx.y[J-ol xcx.l 01. Xet:Tcx.vcxyxcx.a(.LoL, 7tOD €TtL[3ocAAOVTCXt &:7tO TOV TtOAtTla[J-o (XOLVWV~X-Ij xcxtTtOALTtX-Yj Tocl;7), EXXP7J(.Locna[J-Ev"Y) oi.xovo(.J.[cx.), aEV (.Le:"TpOUV TtOCVW aTov &V6pWTCO. 'Eow OE:V 0TtOCpxouV e:uye:ve:1:e:; ycx.wx-nlfLOve:c:; (.LE GTEpe:e:e; xcxl 7tet:VLaxupe:c; PLt;;e:e:; (ot «&pXOVTe:c:; TOU "ATAOC'llTOC» 1jTet:V XTe:atvex. Xcx.Tcx.axe:uoca(.Lcx.Tcx TOU Moca(iv)' TO'll 16° et:twvet: a-TIj'll "Avw I1po[3"Y)yx[cx 0 e:uye:v-Ije; TIje; U7tcxi.8pou, 0 cavaier salvatje, souae: TtAOCL aTOUe; xwp~xouc:; TOU, t;e:xepawve: -TIj y7j (.LCXSt TOUC:;, opYWve: XL cx.UT6e:;, saxcx.(3e: 'YJ XOu(3cxAouae: 1';uAcx. xcx.l XOTtpLa (.LE TO yOCtocx.p6 TOU:

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62 BA. YEVL><';" ,0 ot;UOEpx.e:<; ciAACt aTEV';" 'VO!LL><O (3i!3A(O TOU JACQUES LAMBERT. La vengeance privee et les fondements du droit international, fI<XPL<St 1936. 'AvaA0Yl') dV<Xt ><<X. 'i] n:<XpCL~P7)O"1) TOU Mccre:AE: YL';" TO N'W<PLVE: 01tOU oUOe1tO,E «7) <pEOUS<xpX[<X ~(3apuvE: oao a-rYjv ll1t6AOL1t"1) r <XAAL<x». K<xl. /XNo..7) fLLOr. <poPCt 0 H. TA!NE, (hr., a. 138: ,,'ESill !3PLaxe;,<Xt ,0 ><<x,ota1:<XTt><OTillv ~AE:u6e:ptillv ,ou M1tEO:pV, 151tou eXv"'Ypa<pE:,<XL on TOV 1t<XALO ><ottpo aTO MnE:';"pv llihl lm'ijPXE: cX<pEv1:"1)<;». rL';" TlJ [3E'VTh<x CYt'0 M<xuP0!30UVLO ><ocl c:rr1jv "Aveo 'AA(3OCV(<X, AM! BoUE, La Turquie d'Europe, TIacp[m 1840, II, cr. 395 1<.ocl 523.

63 MARC BLOCH, La societe Ieodale, 1939, I, a. 377. Tou MARC BLOCH ';;11:1.0"1)<;, !LE:pL><E:<; awa,E:<; n<xpot'"1Jpl)aEL<; YL';" TI] «Sardaigrie», CYt'0 Melanges d'histoire sociale, III, a. 94.

64 MAlJRICE LE LANNOU, «Le bandit d'Orgosolo», Le Moade, 16-17 'IouvLou 1963. 'H ,OCLV[<X dV<XL TOU Vittorio de Seta ><ocl 'i] ';;6vOypOC<plX-y) itpEU'V<X EXEt yf.VEL &'1t0 ,0\1 FRANCO CAGUEITA, y<XAA. !L'<Pp. Les Bandits d'Orgosoio, 1963· ,Ct fLuBLCYt'oP-IjfLQt,oc e:IVotL TOU GRAZIA DELEDDA, La via del male, PWfL"1J 1896' Ii DiD dei viventi, P6.>!L"'l1922.

65 ETd row,.

M FERN AND BENOIT, La Provence et Ie Comtat Venaissin, 1949, o, 27,.

45

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«01. 11:LO cX11:0XP"Y)!J.VOL T011:m crTcl.6"1)xoc'J cXvExoc6EV TO &cruAO T'ije; EAe:u6EptOCe;», AEEL cro<:pa. 0 [3ocpOVOc; '.ITS T OTT crTl.e; 'AvaftY-7G"El~ TOU. 6& «~LOCcrxLC::OVTocc; Tl.e; crupLOCXEe; cXxTEe;», ypcX<:p<::L,69 «[3AE11:0U!J.E TOV [TOUpXLXO ] OEcrn:oncrf-LO Va. XOCTOCAOCf-L[3cl.Ve:L OAOC Ta. 11:OCpcl.ALOC xocl. Va. crTOCf-LOCTii, 11:pOe; Ta. OpELVcl., f-LTCpOcrTa. crTOV 11:PWTO [3pcl.XO, crTO 11:PWTO oXUPO crTEVO. 01. KOUPOOL, oi ~pOUcrOL xoct 01. Me:TOUocA-IJ, cX<:pEVTEe; TOU AL[3cl.VOU xocl. TOU 'AVTLAt[3cl.VOU, OLOCT"Y)POUV Exd crToc6e:pa. TIjv cXVE1;ocpT"Y)cr£oc TOUe;. T£ XL &'.1 01. TOUPXOL 0PL<:OCV TOUe; OpOf-LOUC;, Ta. 11:e:pcl.crf-LOCTOC, TOUe; Xcl.f-L11:OUe;! T£ Cl""Y)f-Loccr(oc e:IXE YLa. TOC uI.j;W!J.OCTOC crTa. BOCAXcl.VtOC XocI. cXAAOU, ~V < EAAcl.Ooc, ~V "H11:EtpO, crTIjv Kp-IJT"Y), 011:0U 01. ~<:pOCXLWTEC; 11:cl.VW crTl.e; pcl.XEe; TWV [30UVWV cXl.j;"y)CPOU(l"(XV Xcl.6E f-Lopcp'ije; tl;oucrtoc f-LETa. TOV 17° a1wvoc, ~ crTIjv 'AA[3ocv£oc, 011:0U 11:0AU apy6n:poc 6a. OtocOPOCf-LOCTtcrTEL -Yj i.crTOptOC TOU 'AA'ij 11:occrii TOU TE11:EAEVA'ij. '0 BOCA1) f-L11:E"Y)e;, EYXOCTEcrT"1Jf-LEVOe; crTO MOVOCcrTl.p cX11:0 T7}v E11:0X1) T'ijc; TOUpXtX'ijc; XOCTcl.XT"Y)Cl""Y)e; TOU 15°U OCLWVOC, &pOCYE XU[3EpV7Jcre: 11:0TE; EIXE crT7} OLxocLOoocrLOC TOU, XOCTOCpx.1JV, ~AA"1)VtXa. xocl. cXA[3OCVLXOC XWpLcl., cXAAa. XOC6EVOC cXTCO w.ha. 7jTOCV EVOC CPPOUPLO, f-Lta. cXve:l;cXpT"Y)T"1J f-LtXp1) Of-Lcl.OOC, f-LtOC cr<:P"Y)XOCPWAtOC crT7}v 11:pwT"Y) EUXOCtp(oc.70 Kcl.TW cX11:0 OCUTSe; Tie; cruv6'ijXEe; osv 11:prnEL va. EX11:A'l)crcre:TOCt xocve:le; yta. TO YEyovoe; OTt Ta. ' A f-L71:POUTcrL, TO ~"1)A6TEpO, TO f-LEYOCAUTEPO xocl. cXypt6TEpO Tf-L'ijf-LOC TWV ' ATCEWtVWV, OSV U71:EXU~E crTIjv XUptOCPXLOC TWV But:ocVTLVWV, crTO E1;ocpXcl.TO TIje; Poc[3EWOCe;, xocl. cXpy6Te:pOC crTIjv xuptOCpx[oc T'ije; 11:ocmx7je; PWf-L7Je;, 'ITOCp6Tt Ta. [3ouvoc OCUTOC cXTCOTEAOUV T7}v £'vooxwpoc T'ijc; PW!J."1)C;, XOCl. TO 'ITocmXO Xpcl.TOC; cXVT£8ETOC E'ITE1;ETcl.6"Y) 'ITpOC; Boppoc f-LEcrW T'ije; OUf-L[3P£OCC; EWe; T7}v XOLAcl.Ooc TOU IIcl.oou.71 "O'ITWC; E'ITtCl""Y)e; OEV TCPE'ITEt va. EX'ITA'l)crcrETOCL ytOC TO cSTt TO bled es siba, -Yj f-Locpoxw1) xwpoc 'ITOU E!J.EtVE cXVU'IT6TOCXT"Y) crTO crouATcl.VO, 7jTOCV XOCT' oucrLocv TOC OPEtVcl..72

67 :E,o 0PELVO MLII.OCV'!:<:;;E, [311.. S. PUGLIESE, «Condizioni economiche e finanziarie della Lombardia nella prima meta del secolo XVIII», m::o Misc. di Storia italiana, 3'1 aEtpa., -r. XXI, 1924.

68 Memoires sur les Turcs et les Tartares, Amsterdam 1784, II, a, 147. « ... TO ",=11.0 TIje; EII.EUeEpLae; 'lj, n:pOoBETE1., TO XpUO'cp~ye-rO TW'J 'tUpavvUJ'V»_ AUTO "'t"O tXvcx<pepEt xa:vov-rc:x:<; AOYO yt.a -d.c;; eyxc:t1:'OCO'1:'"tXC€t.c; TWV revoj3tt;wv aTI)V Kpt;.z.aLa.

69 ETa [ow, I, a. XXI.

70 IIp[3. FRANZ SPUNDA, aTo WERNER BENNDORF, Das Mittelmeerbuch, 1940, a. 209-210. 71 A. PHILIPPSON, «Umbrien und Etrurien», m::o Geogr. Zeitscbr., 1933, a. 452.

72 • AMa n:G<pG<~ELy;.z.a,a: (, N an:Oll.tovTa<; ~Ev ;.z.n:opouaE va. etaEt un:o ,OV eAErrO -rou Ta. j3ouvo: yUpw &n:o TI] rbo[3a, xaTc<<puytO 'wv cx..,un:o,ro<.,,,,v, n:ocpo: ,tC; E:n:avetil.7J;.z.f1l:vs:c; E:vE~pEe; (JEAN BOREL, Genes sous Napoleon T"; [3' e:x~. 1929, a, 103)' 7j 'OUpXtx-Y) &aTUVO;.z.[OC cXOUVaTEt va. etaEt TEp;.z.a yUpw m::a. 1828 cr-cte; A7Jm::ptXEe; Em~pO;.z.Ee; 'wv n:1I.7J8uafLwv TOU • Apapa.-r (x6fL"1]e; DE SERCEY, 0.1'., a. 95)' mhe

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To [3ouvo Aomov cXTCOXPOU<::t TIj !J.e:y&.A7J I.crTOpt<x. ' ApVe:LTOCt TI.e; lmoxpEwcrEte; x<xI. TOC 'ITAEOVe:XT1jf-LOCTcX T"Y)e;. "H f-LiiAAOV Ta. OEXe::rOCt f-LE OLcrTOCYf-LO. 'EVTOUTOte; -Yj <:(1) cXvoc!J.tyvUEt TOUe; 'ITA7J6uCl"f-Louc; TWV 0PELVWV xocl. TWV 'ITe:Otvwv. ~T7} MEcr6ye:to OEV eruvecvTOUf-LE TOC XOCTcl.CPP<XXTOC [30UVcl., TOC O'ITOLOC Cl"UV<XVTOUf-LE XOCTOC xocv6voc crT7}v "A'ITW , ~V<XTOA-IJ, ~v K(voc, ~v '1OC'ITWVLOC, ~v '1vo[oc, Ewe; -ri]v '1\1ooV7JcrLOC/5 xocl. TOC 071:01:<x f-L1)v EXOVTOCe; xocf-LtOC E'ITtXGtvwv[oc f-Ls TOC X<X!-'-7JA6TEPOC E'ITb-te:OOC e:IVOCt U'IT0XPEW-

!J.Evoc va. 0PYOCVWVOVT<xt crs <xuT6v0f-L0ue; x6cr!J.oue;. TCt. f-LEcrOye:tOCXoc (3ouvoc e:IvOCt cXVOLXTOC crTOUC; op6f-Loue;, xocl TCcl.VW cr' OCUTOUC;, ocro cX'ITOXP"1)!J.VOL, ~AtXOe:tOELS ~ XOCA<xcrf-LE- VOL xt &'.1 e:IVOCt, f-L'ITOpe:T: xocvde; voc 'ITEP'ITOCT1jcrEL. EIvoct XOCTOC Xcl.'ITOtO Tp6TCO «f-Ltoc

xext ~f.LE:Pc:t E:~&AAOU X~'"LOpehl'VEr. va 7t'EP'-':PpoupYja€L -rov 8cxcn.xQ rrAOU'"LO <ino -c'U; }('!XTa.<Tt"FOtpE:~ 7COU 1t~o!;",:,ouv ~O: xon:cWtc< 'wv <:;;c:.wv (HERMANN WENZEL, «Agrargeographische Wandlungen in der T~rke»), o-ro Geogr. Zeitschr., 1937, <J. 407). To row xod cr,o Map6xo: ((:ETI]v n:pc<yp.ocTtx6TY),a aTo ;~~t~}~locp6xo -Yj E:l;ou<J[oc 'au aOUII.T<ivou n:Eptopt<:;;6TO<\I aTI)v n:E~ta.8ocn, yp<i<PEt (, R. MONTAGNE, 0.1'.,

73 ETa (ow, a. 131.

74 M. LE LANNOU, Patres et paysans en Sardaigne, 1941, <J. 14, 0"7Jf.L 1.

15 J. BLACHE, 0.1'., a. 12. r.oc TI]v <l:V,WEO"7J auTlj, PtERRE GOUROU, L 'homme et la terre en Extreme-Orient 1940, xat cruVOn:TLX-Y) n:apouaLaO"7J aUTou TOU j3t[3I1.LOU &n:o TOV LUDEN FEBVRE, Annales d'Hist. sociale:

XIII, 1941, <J. 73. P. VIDAL DE LA BLACHE, 0.1'., o, 172.

47

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xed -rOe. bCPEA"YJ Oc.Tt:0 -r-YJ\I X-r"YJVOTpOcptOC, OCPVLcx., 71:p0r- cx.-rcx., Xcx.-rcrLXEC; [J.J\f\.OC XOCt t-'00ELo"YJ.

TIEPLcrcrO-rEPcx. -rOV Oc.pL6!-,-0 Oc.71:' 8,-rL o-I)!-,-EPcx., 't"Oe. ?::Wcx. -rOY 16° OCLW\lOC XOCTEx.AUC;;OCV -rOe. Bcx.AxcX.vtcx., -r-YJv '!-rcx.Ar.cx., -r'lJ Bopero ' AcppLX1j. rt' ocu-ro 't"0 [30U\l0 ij-rav 0 't"071:0e; -rW\I YOCAOCX-rOXO!-'-tx{;'l\I xcx.l-rupLwv81 (TO -rupl-Die; ~cx.po7J'II[cx.c; TO'll 16° OCLW'IIcx. E1;cx.y6Tcx.'11 !-,-E:

7. R. MONTAGNE, 0.11:., <1. 17.

77 'AVLtAoyL<;;o[l-<tl Ta. T<t1;[8l<t TOU :l:t1;'t"OU E' T0<10 aE: VE<Xp-lJ 8ao x":"t crEo WPlfl-"'l -i]?"xLoc crUfl-'P6.>vGt [-lEo 'd~

1tEplyp<t'PE:~ TOU LUDWIG VON PASTOR, Geschichte der Pspste, Freiburg im Breisgau 1901-1931., X, 1913 cr. 23 x<x. 59' sa. fL1tOpOUaE xGtvd~ va. <pTui1;e:, ~Gt a-;(E8lcX-yPGtfLfl-Gt.

78 W.' WOODBURN HYDE, «Homan Alpine routes», aTO Memoirs of the American philosophical society, $lA<t8tA'P!wx., X, II, 1935. 'Av-daTOlX<X, ot;""e: -.a. lluP'1vGt'<X 8ev aTtxov..,-Gtv CPPGty[l-O~ 8cro sa. 'PGtv..,-<t1:o....." xc<vst~ (M. SORRE, Geog. Univ., T. VII, P fLE:PO~, cr. 70, R. KON~E, 0.11:., cr '. 9).

79 RICHARD PFALZ, "Neue wirschaftsgeographische Fragen Italiens», aTO Geogr. Zeitscbr., 1931, cr. 133.

80 A. PHlLlPPSON, Das Mittelmeergebiet, 0.11:., cr. 167. . H ", , ,

81 '0 VICfOR BERARD, Ls Turquie et I'Helleaisme contempora.m, 0.11:., cr. 103, GtvGtXWPWVT~ "'1t0 T"'JV

'AA[3<tV['" Y('''''PEl: "METa. &1t0 Tpdt; -i][-ltpe:~ xaTalx[mo TUpL..»

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'AAAOe. 8Acx. cx.U-rOe. TeX 71:AEOVEXT1jv-cx.-rOC OE:v [3ptcrx.OV-rIXL OVyx.EVTpw!-'-E:'IIa crE X.x8E 71:E:ptox1j. 'Y71:.xpXOUV [30U'IIOe. !-,-e: xcx.cr-rocvte:C; (~E[3E:WEC;, Kopmx'lj) !-,-E: -ro 71:oAu-rt!-'-6 't"~UC; «OE\lop6~WfLO»86 cp't"~cx.y!-,-EVO eX71:0 x.xcr-rcx.VOC, -ro orrol:o tv eXv.xyx."YJ Oc.v-r~Xcx.6L<J't"ii -ro cr-rcx.pE:VLO ljiw!-,-t. 'Y71:,xPXOUV [30UVOe. f.l-E: !-,-OUPtEC;, crOe.v EXEi.'VOC 71:01) dOE 0 MOV't"OCLVLOC;

'1581' ", A' 87 ,,,"> " ,

-ro yupw IX7tO T7] ouxxce, XIX~ cx.I\Acx. 71:0U f3PLcrx.OV't"OCL crne; bpELVe:e; 71:EpWXE:e;

82 P. ARQUE, 0.11:., a. 68. 8J '0.11:., fa 44 xGtt 44 v.

84, ~O:rrYJ tl1t'ij,PXGtV ~6[l-'1 x<xl crTt~ 1tAGtYlE:C; TOU Be:<;;OU!3LOU. re:vlXa. YlOC Ta. oO:rrYJ dV<tl1tO:VTGt xp-1j(},l[-lE~ at 71:A'1P0'P0p'E~ TaU THEOBAlD FISCHER, B. zur physischen Geogr. der Mitte1meerliinder besonders Sicilieas, 1877, cr. 15? xL r,~ T~ ao:':"l Tij~ N ci1tOA'1~, Tijc; KGtAct[3p[Gt~, Tij~ M1t<X<;;~AlxhE TO 1558, 11:p[3. EUGENIO ALBERI, Heleziom degh ambasciatori veneti durante i1 s. XVI, $AWpEV-dGt 1839-63 II III cr. 271:.. 'Ax0[l-"'l m1fLe:P<X Gw1:ovroc, 71:0AACL tl1toAdfLfl-<XT<X, crTIjv XUPLOAE/;(Gt )"dtj;ocvGt, [l-SYou..c:,v ~pXctiCiJV o<xO"wv. 'AVOCtpOPlXa. [l-E: TIjv Kopmx-lJ Ll1tcipXEl xaTaAoy0C; aTOV PHILlPPE LECA, 1tp6AOyO~ A. ALBITREC· CIA, Guide bleu de fa Corse, rr<tp(cr~ 1935, a. 15' TOU TE:AEUTGt[OU, La. Corse, son evolution au XIX· siecle et a.u debut du XX" siecle, 1942, a. 95 x.e.

85 K6[-l"'l~ JOSEPH DE BRADl, Memoire sur fa Corse, 1819, cr. 187, 195 xL

86 P. VlDAL DE LA BLACHE, 0.11:., a. 88, 139, 178. 0ocu[l-cimEC; 1tctpOCT"'Jp1jGEl<; TaU D. FAUCHER, Principes de gt5ogr. agraire, cr. 23. KOVTa. uT-lj Aoux><!X "0 ><:6a[-l0<; TPWEl <i'6.>[l-' &1t0 /;UAO)), MONTAIGNE, Journal de Voyage en Itelie (Ex8. E. Pilon, 1932), a: 237.

87 MONTAIGNE, 0.11:., a. 243.

49

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• H Tpcx.xUTYJTCX rije; ?;;w-Yje;,91 -Yj CPTWXe::LCX, -Yj e:AnL()a (Lt(ie; ?;;w-Yje; mo -i)mae;, -Yj crcxy-1JV"I) EVOe; xaAonAYJpW(LEVOU fL~atlou, ff.crnpwx_vcx.v .oue; a.v8pwnoue; TOU (3ouvou voc Xcx.Te:(3ouv crrYjv n6AYJ- Mta. XCXTCXAcx.vtX-y) napotfLf.cx.92 AEe::t: baixar sempre, mountar no, navTa va. xcxTE[3af.ve:te;, (L-Y)v a.ve::(3cx.f.ve:te; nOTE. rtCX,t crTO [3ouvo 01. nopot (Lnope:i: va. -ijTcx.V nOAAot crE notXtAf.cx., a.AAa. -ij,cxv ALYOt crE nocrOTY)Tcx. MOAte; Yj a.v8pwntvYJ xu~eAYJ (Le::yaAwve: crE a.pL8(Lo,93 Enauav va. e:ncx.pxouv, xcx.l TOTe:: -Yj xu~tAYJ ff.npe::ne::,

88 Relaci6n de 10 que yo Fco Gasparo Corso he becho en prosecusi6n del negocio de Argel, Simancas EO 333 (1569}.

89 R. MONTAGNE, a.Jr., a. 234-235. .

90 FRANCESCHI CARRERAS Y CANDI, Geograffa general de Catalunya, Bc<pxEAwvY) 1913, a. 505· JAIME CAR. RERA PUAL, H. politics yecon6mica de Cstsluiie, 1946, ,. I. cr. 40. '0 BELON DU MANS, a.Jr., e7tta"Y)'; ,b"x'Pepe< 0'" &vc<~c<8fL[OE<;, ·d.; o7tole<; ~Ag7te' eyxc<,e<lI.e'!Lf1ZvE<;, uIDjPXC<" crrCt ~ou"Ct TIj.; 'Iepouae<ll.1w·

91 'Avoc!Lecrc< a-rCt (0J..c< axe'P,O!LC<' TI] 1:;w-lj aTI]v W Avw IIpo~Y)yxtC<: (<'H &ypo,xtct crTI]v wAvw IIpo~Y)YX[C<", ypOC<pE' -fJ MARIE MAURON ("Le Mas proven""l», a,o Maisons et villages de France, 1943, 7tPOAOyo.; R. Cristoflour, cr. 222) (mo,; oOX'fLoc1:;E-rc<. &1ta ,0';'; fLocxPe:"i.; XE'fLwve:<;, '<"a <p0[30 -rwv XLOVOC,,,!3ocowv, TI]v e7t' fL7jVE<; OAOlCA>"JPOU<; lCAe<crTI] 1:;(1), fL€: !L6vo 0PL1:;OV-rc< 7tLcrW &1ta -rCt axe1tc<afLevc< pl. x,6v. 7tC<pOceupcx -rlJv cimoltfJxY), ,a <IT&.[3Ao, -rlJ oouAe.Ct 1tA&', aTI) 'PW-r,&. .•. »

92 MAXIMIUEN SORRE, Les Pyrenees mediterraneennes, 1913, a. 410.

93 To 1tAe6vocafLC< -rou 1tA718uafLOu, 7t0'; e1tt~OCME' TI]v x&8000 1tpo.; -r1..; 7tEO,ocoe<;, e1t'a"Y)fLC<L"","C<' crTI]

50

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<Dop(ive:: TI.e; XOUPEAtcx.cr(LEVe::e; fLaAAtVe::e; xa1:axe::e; ,oue; XL EXOUV Tex. nO()Lcx. -roue; TUAty(LEVcx. crE xOfL(LaTtcx. ncxv!. ()e:fLtvcx. (LE:: XOP()ovtcx. fLE pOfL(3OUe; crT-Yjv ocxPYJ. T a. [3Aocrupa TOUe; (LaTtcx. e::lVCXL xpufL(Levcx. xaTW a.no (Laupcx. a.xaTacrTcx.Tcx. (LcxAALa. Z:TO cr..--Yj80e; TOUe; EXOUV ptYfLEVCX Ta. xcx.nEAcx. TOUe; a.no Xe:Tcrt, nou (; YjAWe; x.t Yj (3pOX-Y) TOUe; EXe::t a.cp1)ue:~ ftvcx. (Lcx.upox6xxtvo XpW(Lcx.. 01. xwpLxol cx.UTOt EXOUV (Lcx1:l Tle; oi.xOyEVe:LEe; TOUe;, fLE o~YJ TO LOW &.v1)(Le:PYJ fLE xe:LVOue;96 ... 01. xaTOtXOL TWV [3ouvwv a.vaf1.e:crcx. crT-Yj Pwf1.YJ, -c-Yj ),Lf1.VYJ Toupcevo , -c-Yjv "AxoULAa x(Xl. TO "AaxOAt Exnpocrwnouv cre (Le:yaAo (3cx.8(La Xcx.Tex. -c-Yj YVWfLYJ (LOU)}, npoatltTe:t 6 LTaVTaA, ({Ta ~8YJ rije; 'hcx.ALcx.e; JUpw cr-.a. 1400)).97 LT-Yj Mcx.Xe:()OVLcx., TO 1890,0 Victor Berard o1.NaVTYJcrE TOV ncx..poncx.pa()OTO a.A[3cx.VO cr-.pIXT~hlTYJ-xa:(3cx.Aap"l)98 (LE -c-Yj ypcx.CPLX-Yj TOU e:V()u(Lcx.cr[cx.. Z:-c-Yj Mcx.()PLTY), 6 8e:ocpt).oe; rXWTtE: cruvavTYJcre: xanotOUe; ve:ponouA"Y).te;, {(ve:cx.poue; muchachos a.no T-Yj ra:AL{hcx., (LE xcx.cpe::na. crcx.x.xxtcx., XOVTex. ncx.vTe:AoVLcx., (Lcx.upe::e; YXETe:e; xcx.r. fLUTe:Pa. xcx.nEAcx.n.99 Noc VTUvovTOUcrcx.V lipcx.ye:: ETcr~ xcx.l TOV 16° cx.r.wvcx., Ihcx.v crxoprrl?;;OVTcx.V crT-Yjv 'Icrrccx.vLcx. (OCVTpe::e; xa:l yuva"i:xe:e;) yta. 'de; ventas nou a.vacptpe:t XL 0

yEWyp<x'P'X-Y] fLE:Ae:Tl) -wu H. WILHELMY, Hochbulgarien, 1936, cr. 183. To XLV71'<"PO OfLW<; OE" g["c<, !L6vo c<u-r6, g["c<, XocL -fJ 1:;w-Yj 7t0'; &pEae. '9j OE" &pEaet <ITaV &,,8pw1t0, A. ALBITRECCIA, <ITO PHILIPPE LEGA, La Corse ... , 0.71:., a. 129, 0 07tO'O.; l3"Y)!LE,wve:, bdl3"Y)<; &vc<<p0p,xeX !LE TI]v Kopmx1]: ,,'Eow -fJ &VU1tC<P1;,(c<, 01tw<; OcAAoG -fJ un:c<p!; 71, OpofLwV Y(VE-rC<t &<p0P!L7J Y'eX !Le,<"C<"&'<ITEUa"Y)'"

94 J. BLACHE, o.Jr., cr. 88, aU!L<pw"c< fLE PHILIPPE ARBOS, L'Auvergne, 1932, cr. 86. 95 6.Y)ActO-Yj -rlJ Ae:t'<"ouPyLct.

96 Promenades dans Rome, ExO. Le Divan, 1931, I, a. 182-183.

97 L:ro ;:Ow, a. 126. 'A"ciAoY') Elx6vct, MACe ytCt -rov Kc<uxocao, CITeX Souvenirs -rou x6!Ly) DE ROCHECHOUART, 1889, cr. 76-77,!LE TI]v euxc<'pfc< TIj<; xocTciAy)o/71'; TIj<; 'Avocm«; oc~o -ro OOUXC< ,,-rE P,ae:AtE: O[ xtp;:a:,;ot 7tOAe:!LtCITs,;, fLeptxol !LEo moepevte:<; n:c<vo1tA(e<; xc<l oZAAOL fLE: '<"01;,c<, 8ufLL1:;OU" -rav 13° xc<l -rav 14 C<twvc<.

98 VICTOR BERARD, La Turqwe et I'hellenisme contemporain, o.Jr., passim.

99 Voyage en £Spagne, 1845, a. 65, 106. LXe-rr.xeX pl. ,<"ou'; gallegos, 8e:pt<ITE:<; xc<t !L","c<vacrrE<;, !3A. Los £Spaiioles pintados por si mismos, Mc<opiTl) 1843. L' c<u..7j..7j CiUAAOy7j !3ptaxe. XC<VEU;: El Indiano -rou ANTONIO FERRER DEL RIO, EI segador, el pastor transhumante xc<l Ermaragato -rou GIL Y CURRASO, E1 aguador -rou ABERRAMAR ...

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100 1:-c0 Tot..Eoo, <ITO ~e:voooxe:;;o 1:0U Le:~tt..At,xVOU, {m:,xpxou\I OUO mocetonas 1tOU s:1vOtt gallegas (La ilustre fregona, EXO. Garnier, II, 71). Ot rat..t6tOtVOL XOt!. 'A<ITouptOtvol. x&'vouv aT1l" 'Ia-rtav[Ot 1:1.<; [3OtptE<; oouAe:,s<;, xup[wC; <ITcX OpUXe:LOt: J. CHASTENEr, Codoi; 1943, a. 40. r,,,, 1:0Ue; 6e:pt<ITEe; gallegos ~v KOt<ITI.AA>] TO\l 18° OtiwvOt, EUGENIO LARRUGA, IlJemorias politicas y economlcas sobre los irutos, comercio, fabricas y minas de Espana, MOt0p[TYj 1745, I, cr. 43_

101 DIEGO SUAREZ, Xe:tp6ypc«po T'ije; 1tpw>]v re:vtx'ij<; .6.tobc1j<rIJ<; T'ij<; 'AAYEpt<x<;, emo EvOt OC"'LYPOtepO "ou dXe -TIJv e:UyE:vEtOt vcX p.ou xcive:t Y"hlaTo 0 JEAN CAZENAVE, f" 6.

102 BA. n:Otpaxoc1:w, 1:. B', f-lsp0<; Oe:UTEPO, xe:ep. I, «Ol xe:paai:e:e; fLE1:C<epops<;».

IOJ J~GS GARCiA FERNANDEZ, Aspectos del paisaje agrario de Castilla la Vieja, Valladolid 1963, a. 12.

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104 MATrEO BANDELLO, Novelle, VII, a.200-201. Ol 2:n:oAe:1:[vO& u7t1)pe:-couv ~c; <ITpa1:"tw-ce:<;, XUp[hle; a1:"0 E!;W1:e:PLX6, L. VON PASTOR, 0.71:., XVI, a. 267. rLcX -TIJv 1tavoupy[a -couc;, M. BANDEll.O, 0.71:., I, a. 418.

105 M. BANDEll.O, 0.71:., II, a. 385-386. 'H cp-cwXeLC< Ctvayx&.t;e:L -cou<; M7te:pyxOtp.&.axou<; vcX ~e:vt1:"e:uov"'t'"cu. Ar:yocpccYOL O:7tO Or.xou -r-out;, TPW'Y aocv TOUt; AUXOUt; CiTe.: l;iva. md-n.oc. 6.e:v U1tcXpXe:r. ~ipoc; orov xoa[Lo 07tOU vcX p.~v un:&.PXeL Eva<; -COUA&'XLa1:0V Mne:pyxOtp.&.axoe;. LTIJ N &'noA>], at (3e:Ve:T01. U7djXOOL, n:ou exouv E:yxOt1:c<a1:c<6e:t rut, e:IvaL xup[we; Mn:e:pyxOtP.&.GXOL, E. ALBERI, 0.71:., Appendice, a. 351 (1597). 106 JACQUES HEERS, Genes au XV" siecle. Activite econornique et problemes sociaux, 1961, a. 19. M_ BANDELLO, 5.71:., IV, o, 241. ·Op.ma xctl f-le:TcX -TIJv Ct7tOXaT&'<ITOtO"'l) -cou «l>payxlGXou 1:'l'6p-caOt 1tOMOL xwp.XOL epxov-cat <ITO MtAOcvo p.E 1tPOgAe:UO"'I) TIJ Mn:pEatOt.

107 "0.71:., IX, cr. 337-338.

108 L. PFANDL, Philippe II, yrXXA. p.-cepp., 1942, a. 353-354. Mne:pYXOtf-l,xaxoL 1j-cct'\l E7tl<rIJe; (, rre:pl'fIl'lp.o<; Colleoni XOtL (, L>]aout-t·>]c; JEAN· PIERRE MAFFEE, ai.>yypc<epta<; -rijc; L 'histoire des Indes, Lyon 1603.

.09 "Orr., IV, a. 335. IIp6xe:L1:"a, ytcX EVOtV MnpeatOcvo 1t01" E:yxC<1:Ot<IT&.&tjxe: crTIJ Be:p6vOt.

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110 Au"t"o 1:0 OUfLTtEpOCO"P.OC TtpoxuTt1:e, &'TtO TtpoO"WTt,xY) epeuvcz. 2:'t"fjv TtpocYfLOC1:,x6T1]1:cz 't"fjv &'v'd6e<rIJ ci:vcX(-Le:o:C( ~" Tta.v<.u Ka.t ~v xct1:W x,wp(2 -r-1] auvCXVTa. xccve:t~ &.xotL7) 7rtO EvTO\,lI') ~ope:r.6-repo:.~ cO GASTON ROUPNEL, Le vieux Carain, 1939, 1:0 em<rIJfLOCtVe, &'vczcpop,x.1 fL"' 1:0 1:fL'ijfLcz -rijc; Boupyouvo£ru; Ttpac; 1:0 Gevrey xczt 1:0 Nuits-Saint-Georges. Ol montagnards, yUpw 0"1:0 1870, cpopouO"O<.v &x6fL"'l 't"fj xczpczxT1]P'O"1:,x-f) fLTtAOUl;:O<. TOUe; O"1:te; ep.Ttopo1tczV1)yUpe'e; 1:&'1 1tEO'V&V 1tEPWXWV,

III P. GEORGE, La region du Bss-Hbone, 1935, cr. 300' -r:e.: TtPWTOC ;a>ov,oc 1:0U 17°U OClwva p.eyc\).ee; ofLtillE<=; OCTtO 't"fj Loc(3otoc -rdjycz,v<zv 'Ie.: IlOUAEq,OUV XOC1:a. TO 6epoO"p.0 a'"t"f)v HApA.

112 GROTANEW, La Maremma toscana, Studi storici ed economici; II, 0". 19.

113 P. GEORGE, a.Jr., 0". 651.

114 FERN AND BENOIT, o.Jr., 0".23.

54

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"Av 01. &pX0"\l.Ee; TOUe; 1tp60LOc(V, 01tWe; TOTE crTO 'AVLctVTEAO TO 1509,117 01. XWPLXOl. e:YXc(TEAEL1tC(V xC(l. C(uTol Xc(TO: '-0 1tC(paoELYfLa TOUe; T-Yjv u1to6e:0"Y) TOU 'Ay(ou M6tpxou. LT-Yj BEVET[a. un'ijPXC(v 7taVTCX <puyaoEe; &pxone:e; eX1tO T-Yj POfLavLc(, 7tOU xa.TY)YOPOUVTO YLO: eyxJ..1jfLa.Tc( xC(l. t:;y)TOi3crC(V a7tO T-Yj PWfLY) &cpEO"Y) rxfLC(p.LWV xC(I. T-Yjv E7tLO"TpO<p-Y] rije; 1tEpwucrLC(e; TOUC;.118 L:E eXVTOCAAC(YfLC( n1jYc(LVC("\I VO: U1tY)PET-Y]crOUV crTl.e; KaTw XWpEe; TO: O"UfL<pEpOVTCX -rije; 'IcrnC(v[C(e; xC(l. .OU XC(60ALXLcrfLOU! rLrx VO: fL-Y]V eXVc(<PEPOUfLE TOUe; 'AAI3C(VOUe;, TCx. 7tc(ALxapLc( TOU MWpLCi, Ta. «[300Lc( -rije; 'AvC(TOA[C(e;», nou TO ' AAYEPL xC(l. &AAe:e; 1t6AELe; eX7tOfLU<;:oucrC(v eX7"CO Trx Et;C(6ALWfLEVc( 130uva TIje; , Acr[C(e;.

115 EMMANUEL LE ROY LADURIE, o.Jr" 0". 97 x.e.

116 ' Aouvoc1:oV Va, &'7tocp,6fL-fJO"w OAOC 1:.1 yvWO"1:,z 7rocpczlldYfLaTa. 'H 'ICJ7tocvLa eIxe TO 1tpo(3tio'O"fLCZ O"'t"fj O"TPOC1:0AoytO<. TWV ope,vwv xczt tp1:WXWV Ttepwxwv, RAM6N CARANDE, Carlos V y sus banqueros, MaOpLT1] 1949, 0". 14 (-rije; ope,v'ijc; Ba).rnmru; xoct TWV montes -rijo:; AE6v). TH. LEFEBVRE, Les Pyrenees stlsntiques, 1933, 0". 286 (~ II a(3[a TtoAEfL7)crav 3.000 O"1:pcz1:'&1:ec; a1to -rijv rx<Ttou6xooc xat 't"fj N czl3tippoc). r,a. TOC &.pocywv'x,z IIup"Y)voc;:oc, FERNAND BRAuDEL, La Mediterranee. .. , pi btO., cr. 47 xocl. 48.

117 PIERO PIERI, La erisi militare italiana nel Rinaseimento, 1"'1 exo., 1934, 0". 523.

lIS R. de Maisse 1tpac; i3ocO",).€oc, Beve1:£O<., 6 'IouvLou 1583· A.E. 31, f' 29V xocl. 30.

55

119 r,& va ><""o<,on",--n;;; ><",,,dc; &1'0 TIj axon,& TIjc; [3,[3A'OYPO<'I'[O<C;, [3A. R. BUSCH-ZANTNER, Alhanien, 1939. r,a ,tc; &A[3O<'''><E:<; .... e:,C<vo<cn'euO'e:'c;, AOYW ,WV O'"ooe,wv ><o<,Ot ,0 Me:O''''[wvo<, 1'po<; ,tC; n<:o,&'oe:c; TIC; Me:,OXF('C< xo<. Tijc; h6v,p'vc<, np[3. J. CVIJU':, 0."., O'. 150. rLOt 'de; X"',C<TIA7)X't"LXE:<; Em-rux(e:c; n~u O'7)fLdwcrc<v p£crc< crTIjv 06W .... O<VL><-Yj wJco><p""op[c< ,0'1 19° o<twvo<, aTO r8w, cr. 17. :2:TIj Biblioteca comunale di Palermo [3p[crxe:'t'C<L /twx. &\lEXOO,O .;1'6fL\l7) .... C< ,au MONGITORE ANTONINO, Memoria de Greci venuti dall'Alhania in Sicilia, Qq E 32, f" 81. 0. 'AA[3c<vot sIva., .... e:Y&.AO' n(>Te:e;: M. BANDEL. LO, D.n., IV, O'. 350-351. Ot 'AA[3a.\lol. ?:;7)'t'ouv \lCx. ,[vouv XP'O"t',o<vot: .... e:,o<i;u Ct.AAWV EyyptX'f'WV, Joan de Pallas, 1'p6E,e:voc; aTIj Pa.you?:;ct, "poc; Me:y&Ao T",!;,,xPX?J Tijc; Aeov, N&noA7), 3 'Anp'A[ou 1536,

A.N., K 1632_

120 Vrcrox BERARD, La Turquie ... , 0."., a. 164.

121 :2:TIjv Kunpo d\lO<L a,po<'t',w't'e:C; Enl YEvdc;. FR~ STEFFANO LUSIGNANO Dl CIPRO, Corografia et breve

bistorie universale dell'isola de Cipro, MnoAov,a 1573 (B.N. rro<pLa', 4° G 459).

122 Elva., itvct O'7) o<V't"LXO ' .... '1i .... C< 't'OU EVS't"XOU O"t'PC<'t'ou, 7tp[3 ..... '''' as,p'" EYYPOC'l'WV, .,xo. V. UMANSKY,

D.n., O'. 549, O'7) dwO'7).

123 M. BANDELLO, o.n., III, a. 329 x.1:.

124 Museo Correr , D. delle Rose 21, f" 80 "Cx. 't'Cx .... e:yMct &A{3o<vLXa xwp'& crTIjv 'A"OUALC<, 1598. :2:,tC; &pXE:C; 't'OU 16°U c<iw\lOC O'Uxya EVEnvectV q>6[30. Tooc dx_e: &7to<yo~eu,ei: (3. 'Iouv[ou 1506) -i] .:t;oooc; .... ~ 07tAO< &no,1.c; ox_uPE:O:; TI6Ae:LC; xo<l ,a x_wP'OC' LUDWIG VON THALLOCZY, "Die albamsche Diaspora», 0"t'0 Illyrisch-alhanischeForschungen, 1916, a. 339.

125 O. DE TORNE, "Philippe et Henri de Guise» O"t'O Revue Historique; 1931, II, a. 324.

126 To 1540, G. LEFEvRE PONTALlS, Correspondance politique d'Oder de Selve; 1888, a. 64,65, 351,

354.

127 A.H.N~ L" 3189, 1565, Inquisizione di Valladolid, -i] 1'spLSpY7) ';,,66sO'7) 't'OU Guillermo de Madan.

128 '0 D. HAEDO, Topografia ... , O'. 121 V, ETCLO'7)fl-O«VEt 0"t'0 'AAyEp, 't'0'J ocpvc<ou't'7) M"' .... , xoct «un rene-

gada, tambien albanes y arnaut como el», a. 122".

129 Vicron BERARD, La Turquie ... , 0."., O'. 26.

XEPLONH:2:0I: OPH, OPOnE.6.IA KAI nE.6.IA.6.EL

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Mla &AA7J 7tcx.fLrrcXA<XL7J fLETcx.v6:CITEU<J7) OLcx.crxopm~E TOUe; Xcx.TOLXOUe; TWV (3ouvwv TOU MlAcX.VOU. MLA7Jcrcx.fLE Yla TOU~ Mn:Epyxcx.[.1.6:crxoue;, lJ7t7JXOOU~ T'1j~ BEVET£cx.~. de:v Un-YjPXE Of1-we; OPElV-1] val a-rle; "AArrELe; n:ou va fL-1]V EXe:L EVcx. TfL'1jf1-cx. TOU n:A7J6ucr!J-oG TYJe; U7t' ocT{--I.6v. Luxva Zn:L<J7)e; 01. z1;6plCITOL cruYXEVTPWVOVTCXV cre: fLLa OEuTep7J ncx.Tpiocx.. 01. nAcx.v6oLOl E{--I.rrOpm dowv Xlyxcx.AEpLcx.C; T'1jc; BaA BLT~ETcro Tt1jycx.lVcx.V xcx.Ta n:~p6:00<J7) crT7J rcx.AALcx. xcx.l. fLeplXE:~ <pope:e; tyxCX8Lo--rcx.V"t"0 E:xe:i: fL6vlfL~' AUTO EXcx.VCXV 01. MeAEpLO, xocrfL"I)fLcx.T07tWAEe; rrY)f1.EpCX o-rIj rue de la Paix.133 01. X6:TOlxOL TOU TpEfLETcro n:pOTLf-LOUcrcx.V T7J P7JVcx.VLcx.. 'A7to Tl.~ OLXEC; TOU~ T6:1;EL~ npoEPxoVTcx.L or. Mcx.VLOVL xcx.l. 01. Mn:pevTcX.vo, Tpcx.ne~LTE~ T'1je; $pcx.YXCPOUpTYJC;_J34 'A7to TO'V 15° cx.r.wvcx., 01. fLeTcx.v6:crTE~ TIjc; BaA Mcx.crLVO En:~LPVcx.V TO OPOfLO TIj~ PWfL"I)~.135 Touc; i;cx.'Vcx.(3ptcrxoufLE crTa <Pcx.PfLcx.xdcx. xcx.l crT,x ocpTonwAE'icx T'fjC; cx.r.WVLcx.C; nOA"I)C;' crT7J rEVO(3cx. zn:£CYYJe;. 01. &VTpe:~ ocno Ta "pLcx. pievi TIjc; ALfL'V7JC; TOU K6f1.o -i.OLW~ cX.7t0 TO NT6vyxo xcx.l. ocrro TIJv rxpcx.v·n:(3ovcx.- -rIT;YIXLVIXV CITO IIOCAEpfLO XL &vmylXv nocvooXe:'i:cx.. "ETO'l ti;7Jye:hcxl -1J OCPXETO: n:e:p£e:pY1J cruyyEVEllX xoc.l. TO: XIXTIXCPOCV7] rXV7J, crTIJ

B' .." 'M' 136' rI , - '\ '''' r , ".,.

a»; VTe: npe:VTcrLO, a O,TL cx.<pOplX TYJ'V EVOUfLcxcrLCX, XupU.uC; TWV YUVIXLXWV. rLOtTl.

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130 Itinereire de Paris Ii Jerusalem (itxo. 1831), I, a. 111 xaL 175.

131 La Corse iIJCUnnUe, a. 44, OTCOU &VC<'I'EPOV't'C<L 7tOAACx OV6 .... CLTC< Oto<a1j[Lwv KopaLXctVw\l .... ocxptet. Ct7tO ;;0 V1JcrL

132 ·OTCWC;, ETCt .",o<pC<od, .... an, (, Xctaav K6pao. J. CAzENAVE, «Un Corse roi d'Alger, 1518-1556», 0"t'0 Afrique Lstine, 1923, a. 397-404.

133 GIUSEPPE MELLERIO, Les Mellerio, leur origine, leur histoire, 1895. r,a TIj .... e't'C<vaa,suO'7) O"t'tc;

• AA1'Sto:; 't'OU MLAavou, CARLO ANTONIO VIANELLO, «Alcuni documenti sui consolata dei Lombardi a Palermo», =0 Archivio Storico Lombardo, 1938, a. 186.

134 .Ero raw, a. 186.

135 .Ero r&D, a. 186.

136 .ETO r&o, 0:. 187.

57

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, " , , , ") 'Y 137 'A"'")' "

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137 Era r&o cr 187

[38 G.F. Os~ri~, co~sole dei Lombardi alia camera de; mercanti di Milano, N,i7tOA7), 27 2:E1t"t"e:fL{3P(ou

1543, EXO. A. VIANELLO, 5.lT., a. 187.

[39 A.d.S. Na1tOA7j, Sornrnaria Partium 240, [0 111-113,15 'Iotvouc<p(ou 1544, fLE: "t"i< aVOfLC<"t"ot "t"wv

muratori. .

[4() A.d.S. Be:VE"t"Lot, Notatorio di Collegio 13, f" 121, 12 'Ox"t"w{3p£ou 1486.

[41 2:ufL'I'wvc< fLE: I1vot o"t)fLoa~oypot'l'~xo &.p6po, "Eriwan, die Hauptstadt der Armenier», cr"t"o Frankfurter Zeitung, 9 Auyoucr"t"ou 1940.

142 JEAN-BAPTISTE TAVERNIER, Les six voyages qu'il a faits en Turquie, en Perse et aux Indes, notp£a~ 1681,

I, a. 380 x.E:.

143 TOTS, 07jAOCO-f) "t"OV 17" ot.Wvc<. Tov 16" C<Lwvot OE:V dXE 'I'"t"ocae:L &xofL7) i) wpc< "t"WV 'ApfLEV£WV aTIjv Kwva"t"c<V'nvOU1tOA,,) xocl ~ 'AV"'1:'OA~x-1j MEaoyE~o, N. IORGA, Points de vue sur l'histoire du commerce de rOn"ent a Fepoque moderne, 1925, cr. 23. Tov 17° ",ow"ot, avdBE"t"ot, o[ 'AP[1-ev,Ol EfL1tOPe:uovcc<v &xOfL") Xotl. cr-ri) ~u"x-f) MEaoYELo. ' ApfLEV'XO 1'CAO;:O, "L' Armerrieri cornmeroarrt», fLE"t"ot'l'Epe:~ aL1:'ap~ cr"t"o A,(3opvo (Memoires du chevalier d'Arvieux, 1735, I, a. 13). rLa:"t"O POAO "t"WV 'ApfLEV(WV cr"t"-f) OL~vEi;,,) y~i< "t"Ol)(:; 'Ay(ou.; To1tou.;,"t"o 1621, 1tp(3. GERARD TONGAS, L'ambassadeur L. Deshayes de Cormenin (1600-1632), 1937, a. 132. r~i< TI] cr7JfLe:pw1j 8~c<=opi< "t"wv 'ApfLe:vLwv xavE' AOYO a WERNER SOM. BART, Vom Menschen, 1940, a. 178-179.

144 'Tmipxouv xa1to~ot EfL1tOP,xi< 8yxELpLo,ot cruvcE"t"otYfLevc< aE: ,xPfLEV~x:l] YAwacrot d8~xi< y~' otUTI] TI) fLe:y&.A"t) 1tOA"1J "t"ou BoppCi.

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145 '0 J.B. TAVERNIER 1tp006E"t"e,: «Oao 1t~0 OLXOVOfLOL x",l. eyxpot"t"e:Le; ,x1tOOELXVUOV"t"<XL aTIj 1;:(1), e:hE ,x1'CO ape:TI) EhE ,xno "t"myxouv~a, "t"oao iXC<VOTEPOL e:LVot, cr"t"i< EfL1tOP'Xa: 1;:")T"i)[1-ot"t"ot. ·O"t"otV i;EX~VOUV y~i< l-'-eyocA!X 't"oc~(8!.C(. OCTrO --r.x crrrL"t'"LCX Taus"} XCtVOU'V TU; 7tpO~Y]eELEC; TOUS cre 7t'cx.~tfL&:~ta:., x(x71:V!.a'"t'O Xp€cx:r; {3ou{3&.Aou, tj;")fLEvO (3ou"t"Upo, OCAEUP', XpotaL Xotl. i;"t)pou.; Xotp1tOue;. <l>pecrxo XPEot<:; ayopoc1;;ou\I, 'de; -f)fLEpEe; 1tOU i1tl"t"pe1tETC<l, fLoVO OTotV {3pLcrxouv <P"t""t)vi< ,xpvLi< XotL Xot"t"a[xL"'. dO.lT., I, cr. 380.

[46 rLa:"t"i< 1tAOU"t""t) XotL TI)v 1tOAUTe:A-T) o,otf3(wCJ7) "t"wv 'ApfLEV(wV Tije; T1;;oUA<p"', J.B. TAVERNIER, o.lT., I, cr. 380.

141 .ETG r&o, II, a. 3.

148 T( dvot~ "t"o (30UVO; "MtC:< 1;:wV7) 1tOU eX1tE[1-1tE~ ,xv6pw1'Cou,;», PIERRE DEFFONTAINES, MARIEL JEAN· BRUNHES·DELAMARRE, P. BERToQUY, Les problemes de geographie humaine, 1939, a. 141. rLi< TI)\I ,x\f"t"tBe:cr7J 1tEOLOCOot-{3ouvo, 1tO'; a1to"t"EAEi: XotpotX"t""t)p'cr"t"LXO yvwplafLC< 1:'OU fLEaoye:,otXoU xocrfLOu, CHAR.

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LES PARAIN, La Mtfditerranee: les bommes et leurs trsvsux, IIGtpfcrL 1936, cr. 191' JuLES SION, La France mediterraneenne, IIGtpicrL 1934, cr. 44 xL

149 JULES BLACHE, 5.7':., cr. 15. To 'OLa <n)(1Z,wveL xGto (, P. GEORGE, 5.1r., cr. 352.

ISO P. GEORGE, (hr., cr. 237· V.L. BOURRILLY x<x. R. BusQuET, H. de fa Provence, 1944, a. 7: {(~TIJv IIpo~"lJy><f<x OL 71:ctAGt,6Tepm otx,crfLo, i3p<f&tjx<xv aT1.<; 11:<xpu<pEC; TOU BGtVTOlJ, aTOe i3ouvOe TOU BWxAul:, v6ne< &.11:0 TO AUfL11:e:p6v, aT'C; KotAaOec; OE1';tOe OC11:0 TOV NTUpOevC; aTO <n)fLei:o crufL~o).:'ie:; TOU fLE: TOV BepvT6v' 'f'e<£VETGU OTt 7j e:y><<XTaaTGt<:J"l] -liT<XV cruVU'f'GtcrfLEV"IJ fLE TOe eX'f'tlOVGt xOLTacrfL<XTGt 11:UflLT6Attlou XGd TOUe; axA"lJPOUe:; ~paxouc; nou dXGtv TIC:tpGtaUpe:L TOe uypOe PEUfLGtTe<. ETfL<XL aUfLCPWVOC; fLE TOV LOUIS AUBERT, «Le genie d'Oc», aTO Les Cebiers du Sud, 1943, cr. 18: (('0 opeLvoc; m<EAETOe:; T'ijc; fLEcrOYE'<XxYje; 1:wV"IJC; Euv6"IJcrE TIJ aTGttle:P-1J xGt' fLov'fL'tJ E;yx<XTaaT<X<:J"I] TW" 11:PO',crTOpLXWV x<X. 11:pw-ro',aT0P'XWV cpUAWV».

lSI P. GEORGE, o.;r., cr. 310 ewe:; 322.

152 H. LAlITENSACH, "Die landerkundlicbe Gliederung Portugais», aTO Geogr. Zeitscbrift, 1932, cr. 194.

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IS3 A. PHIUPPSON, «Umbrien und Etrurien», aTO Geogr. Zeitschriit, 1933, cr. 455,457,461,462. 15' LTG {8w, cr. 457.

IS5 ALFRED VON REUMONT, Geschichte Toscana's, rx6-rGt 1876, cr. 366-367. IS6 LTG (8w, a. 368 X.E.

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157 A. PHILIPPSON, Das Mittelmeergebiet, 0". 20.

[58 Kocl. KEpoc <i7ta E:xe" (, E. FELIX GAUTIER ey..E' E:7tLfLdveL 7tOAAE:<; <p0PE:<; TCcivu> a-ra ,,61..o ocu .. t"Ou TOU U(3WfLOCTO<; TIj<; Bopdou 'A<PPLXijC;, fLeToc/;u iXAAu>v xocl a-ra Le Passe de l'Afrique du Nord, 1952,0". 115. !S9 GEORGES MARr;AIS, a-ro Histoire d'Algerie, -r:wv GSElL, MARr;AIS, YVER, 1927, cr. 121.

[60 «Umbrien ... », cr. 450.

[6[ JULES SION, Geogr. Univ., VII, 2, 1934, a. 326.

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162 P. VIDAL DE LA BLACHE, 15."., cr. 85.

[63 N. KREBS, «Zur politisehen Geographie des Adriatisehen Meeres», crTa Geogr. Zeitschr., 1934, a. 375.

164 "Exw m;:o vou fLOU TOU<; trulli, <XAAOC &:x6fL» TCep<crcr6Tepo -r:o OCp8euTLXQ crU<rOJfLoc TWV TCe8tciowv- 0poTCe8[w\I, aTa «L'acquedotto pugliese». '0 FRITZ KLUTE, Handbuch dergeogr. Wissenschaft, B"POALVO 1914, cr. 316, 8LveL evoc xaAa axe8tciY"IXfLfLci 'TI)C;, TIJv la-rop[oc 'TI)<; Of-LU>C;;

165 ~UfL<PWVCX fLE: A.d.S. NciTCOA», Dipendenze della Sommaria, Faseio 417, rase. 1°, 1572. 166 A.d.S. NciTCOA», Sommaria Consultationum, II, 237-241.

167 GEORG FRIEDERICI, Der Charakter der Entdeckung und Eroherung Amerikas durch die Europiier, I, rx6-r:oc 1925, t8Lw<; a. 174, 179.

[68 Le Iicencie de verre, <11::0 Nouvelles Exempiaires, e:x8. Pleiade, 1949,0". 1270-1271.

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r69 ORTEGA Y GASSET, Espana invertebreda, Mocop'''l1934, =t<¥'1) 11:0U m.}'JOCVTocfLe: )(OC, crTov Unamuno, crTOV Machado )(oc1 crTO'J Pidal.

[70 A. SCHULTE, Geschichte der grossen Ravensburger Gesellschaft, 1923, to[w<; I, cr. 285 )(L )(d cr. 295. I7l E. ALBERI, Helaeioni, I, V (Francesco Morosini), cr. 293.

172 P. VIDAL DE LA BLACHE, Etats et Nations de I'Europe, 1889, cr. 358.

m M. SORRE, Les fondements biologiques de /a geographie humaine, fIocp,m 1943, cr. 386: "To x).'fLoc TIje; XC<fL..y,.'ije; l;:w,,'1)<; TW" [3ou'Jwv )(OCt TW'J xocfL'I)AO'U;PW'J 0P011:e:OlWV Eu"oe~ 11:Eptcrcr6-ce:po om' 0," -cwv 11:e:OtVW" TI]'J xocAAtEpye:tC<, crTI] Me:cr6ye:LO TOUAO:XtcrTOV». 'Qpoc[oc Yj =tocypo:'f''I)<S'1), crTO j3tj3ALO TaU ANDRE SIEGFRIED, Vue generale de fa Mediterrenee; 1943, <S;(e:TU«''' fL~ TOC revermonts (a. 108), T1e; U~WPEt.€~ Sa AeyCX!-L€"J yevt.xeUo\IT(.(c; TIJ Ae~7l 7'tOU raxUe:~ yta TO Zoup&.~ ~' etuTij MOOU~~ OAOUC; TOUC; axp6yupou<;, CJUfL11:e:p,AOCfL[3°CVOfLbnje; xocl. TIj<; 11:e:p,e:p'(1)<; yPOCfLfL'ij<; TW'J Piemonts, c<uTIj<; TIj<; -c6cro <S'1JfLocv-cr.x'ije; AWP'Oct<;, lolw<; a-rYjv 'AVOOCAOUcr,OC: [3A. T'e; 11:OCpC<TtJp1jcret<; TaU G. NiEMEYER, D.n:., cr. 109.

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179 H. ISNARD, «Caractere recent du peuplement indigene du Sahel d' Alger», GTO 2' Congres des Soc. sav. d'Afrique du Nord, 1936.

180 I1pi3. a' IX.t>TO 1:0 6EfLIX. G. MILLON, «Les Parlers de la region d'Alger», <11:0 Congres des Societes sav.

d'Afrique du Nord, 1937.

lSI M. DALLONI, «Le probleme de I'alimentation en eau potable de la ville d' Alger», GTO B. de ls Soc. de

Geogr. d'A1ger, 1928, a. 8.

68

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'82 BERNANDO GOMES DE BRITO, Historia trsgico-meritime A,aalX.[36vlX. 1:. VIII 1905 a 74

183 RENE BAEHREL, Une croissance: Is Besse-Provence ru:.ale, fin du xvr siec1e' - 1789 nan(a, 1961 ~ 125. ,.- ,~.

.84 Bibliotheque Marciana de Venise, 5838, C II, 8, f" 8.

185 EMMANUEL LE Roy LADURIE, a.Jr., a. 223 KE.

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180 P1aisir de France, 1932, cr. 119-120: "To TIV<:ufLlX TOU Midi DLlXfLOPCPW&t]>t<: crTl<; f30UV07tAIXY'E<;'>, XIX. 0Xl. <cerro {3ouvo Teal> 7)-rav &.vexoc8Ev TtOAU q>T6JXO >tal KIXTCt 71:e:p~6oou~ €P"'fJ!-,-O». 2:x.£'"t"tXtX ~E '1:0 cXv8pw- 7t'VO crTDtX<:LO TW\I A6cplU\I, f3:t-.b,<: TOe acrlX yPcXCP<:t -Yj ISABELLE EBERHARDT, Notes de route, 1921, ax<:TtxOe fLE TO <T«xi). -rije; T UV"y)cr(IXe; (cr. 221), x<Xl 0 MARCEL BRION ytOe TIJv T oaxcXV1j XIX. ytOe ,0 «vorclo T"YjC:; O"Tlc:; 8tIXO"TcXcrEtc:; TOU ocv6pw7tou», Laurent Ie Msgniiique, 1937, <5. 282.

187 'AVlUVUfLOU (Oaude de Varennes), Voyage de France, dresse pour I'instruction et 1a commodite tant des Frsnceis que des etrangers, Rouen 1647, <5. 136.

188 "O.rr., cr. 56-7.

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189 B.N. Estampes (Od 13, pet. in-fol.}: Les mceurs et fachons de faire des Turcz ... contrefaictes par Pierre Coeck d'Alost ran 1533.

19() PHIUPPE DE CANAYE, Sieur de Fresne, Le Voyage du Levant, 1573, ';;1<.3. H. Hauser, 1897, <5. 40.

191 IIpf3. V. BERARD, La Turquie ... , <5. 93: OCVTH1ECDJ ocvcXfLEaIX a-D)v 'AAf3IXV(IX fLS: TOe f30uveX XIXl TOe «OPfL'1TtxOe 11:OTcXfLLCL T"Y)<; "OU 7tCLPCLcrUPOUV TO e:o<xcpoc:;», fLS: ,eX crTEVcX T"Y)C:; 7tOU TeX cpUAaVE 0. Oe:p{3e:v-r(ija.:C;, XIXl. cr-D) MCLXEOOVtIX fLE: TOe -JjcruXIX VEPOe XIXl. Tl.e; 0f-l(XAEe; T"Yj<;. 2:TO (3L(3A(O TOU PAUL BOURGET, Sensations d'Itslie, 1891, <5.88-90, TO n:€PMfLlX CX7tO -D)V To<JXcXv"y) <JTYjv OUf-lf3pt<x. Mrropet <JTYjv To<JXOCV1j 7j 1;lU-lj "'" dVIXL TPIXX'cX, tXAAOe dvIX' xIX6IXp-lj, EvW E:7tOCVlU OC7tO ,OU<; opU<; X<x' TOe OCfL7CEAtCL ,'1j<; OUfL(3P(e«; Ct7tAWVOVTIX' 0' OfL'XAEe; XIXl T(. opafLlX ,OU rruPETOU.

192 2:XE"1<.Oe fLE -TI)\I 7tPWtfL"1) EyxIXTOCcrTIXCDJ aTLe; fJ.txpe<; 7tEd'OCOE<;, ElfLlXt crUfLcplUVOe; fLE TOV H. LEHMANN, "Die geographischen Grundlagen der krerisch-rnykerrischen Kultur», crTO Geogr. Zeitschr., 1932, a. 337. 'Av-dcrTOLXIX XIXl a-TI) MECDJ 'AVOl,OA-lj ;, oiv6plU7tOC:; 7tPE7tEt va. e:y>tIX'IXcrTcX&t]X<: OCPXLXOe crTlc:; fLtxpec:; OcXcrELC:;, a7tlUe; u7tocrT1)pf1:;<:t tL'Oe tXA"1)60cp<X.v-lje; 8ElUpLIX.

193 PIERRE VILAR, a.rr., I, cr. 223.

194 "o.rr., cr. 243 X.~· G. MAR(:AIS, «Tlemcen, ville d'art et d'histoire», crTO 2" Congressoc. sav. d'Afrique du Nord, 1:". I, 1936.

19S G. NIEMEIER, 0. tt: , cr. 28. 'H 7tIXp<X.n)p"1)O""Y) IXU-TI) 1n]yIXlv", 7tOAU fL<XXpLeX. LE cru\lOCpT"YjIT"Y) XIX. fLE acp"T"Y)pllX TOV 0(xtcrfL6, TO XhlpLO 1] TIJV 7t6A"Y) U7tcXpx", xIXl fLL'" ;'pLafLEv"1) OpycX\llUIT"Y) ,au OCyPOTLXOU XfupOU.

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"A.; T1.<; 1tOCPOU[LE [L£cx [L[or.: 0 Agro Romano; 'H[Ld:p'lJ[Lor; 7COCpa. ~v alii;"YJO"'lJ TOU otXLcr[LEVOU x_wpou, OLcxOLxoccr[a nou d:XE apx_[crEL TOV 15° xocl. cruvEX_Lcr"lJXE xa.l. TOV 160 OCtwvcx:. Ta. novTivcx: EA"Y); MLa. &.xcx:,oix"YJ"lJ 1tEPLOX-Y] 07COU 'TC'lJyaLvoEPXOV,OCv {.LEPLXE:<; Exa,ov,ocoE'; (3ocrxo[, GicruAO YLa. ,a. X07COCOLCX TWV aypLOf3ouf3aAWv' TO {.L0vo &cp60vo EXEL 7j'or.v ,0 XUV1jYL, XUV1jYL XOC6E doou.;, axo[L"YJ xal. .0U aypLoxmpou, acrcpaA-Y]<; EVOELi;'lJ (hL -y) av6pw7Ctv"Y) Eyxor.TOCcrTCXO"'lJ 7j,av EAOCX_LO"T'l). To row Ep'lJ[La 7j,cxv xal. ,a. [LEp"YJ TOU Koc,w Pooavou, ()7COU [LOAL'; <:.Ix_cxv apX_LcrEL npo Exor.,ov,aE,[oc.; XOC7COLCX 7Capcx7CoToc{.LLOC ((EyyELO(3EA'Lwnxa.n /tpya.199 'OAO,EAoc &.xCXTO[X'lJ"lJ -y) Tt:EOLaacx: ,au 6uppcx:Xi.ou: It.m dVCX:L xcx:r. cr7J[LEpCX. 'Ax6[L"YJ Xcxr. TO OEA,CX: ,au NdAOU 1j,ocv cX.VE7CCXPXEO""t"CX'CX XCX:,OLX'lJ{.LE"IIO.2OO To OEA,OC ,au 60uvcx:f3"YJ 1jTCX"ll xcx:1. ,O,E 07CW<; ElVCX:L cr7J[LEPCX:: E"IICX: 7CPWTOCPCXVE:'; EAOr;, E"IICX:'; cX.AAOXO,O'; a[Lcp[f3LO<; xocr[L0';, {.LE: v'lJma. OAOxA"Y)PCX: cX.7C0 E7Ct7CAEOV,CX: cpu,oc, {.LE: (,)ocU'lJ OAO AcX.cr7C'lJ xcxl. eXV6UYLEWa. E(')OCCP'lJ TWU 6EPL<;:EO 7Cupnoc;, EVW [LEercx erE: CX:UTO ,0 eXCPLA6i;EVO xocl. GiypLO 7CEPL(3ocAAOV ~ou(J(X:"II Xa:7COLOL tl;.cx:6ALW[LE"IIOL ~OCpOCOE';. ~~"II ' A"IICX,OALCX: ,0 1554 0 M'TCUcr{.L7CEX, cX.CPOU 7CEpvii .~ NLxcx:Lct, OLctcrx_L<;:EL 1tEOLa:OEC; OAOxA"y)PE'; x_wplr; X_WPLa. '1j cr7t[,LCX: EXEL, O"'lJ[LELWVEL, II(3p[crxoV,CX:L ot XCX:Tcr[XE<; [LE: ,0 'PLXW[LCX: TWV 07COLWV XCXTcx:crxEUOC~OV'CX:L oE XCX:{.L"y)AW,EC;», [LE: &AACX: A6YLCX O"Y)ACX:O-Y] (3PLcrxOfLcx:crTE XOV,a. crT-Yjv "AYXUpcx:.201 T-Y]v rol.CX: ETt:OX_-y] cr~v KOpcrLX1j, cr-.-Y] ~cxpo"Y)v£oc xcx:l. cr-.-Y]v KU7CPO oI Tt:EOLa:OE'; TIjc; EVOOX_Wpcx:r; ELVCX:L EP"Y){.LEC;. ~~V KEPXUPCX 0 Tt:pO(3AETt:~r; T<;:oUO""t"LVUXVO ,0 1576202 oLcx:crx_L-

196 L:Xe-nx.x fJ.' <xcl1,6, (3A. JULIEN FRANC, La Mitidja, 'AAYEP' 1931, x<x, E.F. GAUTIER, «Le phenomerie colonial au village de Boufarik», =-0 Un siecle de colonisation, 'AAytp' 1930, 0". 13-87.

191 J. ANCEL, La plaine de Selonique, 1930.

198 r,/:t TO otAT<X TOU Lcrrcocv,xou "E(3pou, E.H. DOBBY, "The Ebro Delta», aTO Geogr. Journal, AO\lo[vo, M,x.oe; 1936. rLo.. To.. TIo\IT[",X JEAYj, SCHILLMAN, "Die Urbarmachung der Pontinischen Sumpfe», =-0 Geogr. Wissenschaft, 1934.

~99 ~. Gm~GE" 0.,"'.' cr. 29~-299, 310-322, 348. 'An:o TO\l 12° we; TOV 16° CX1W\lCX ~ KcxfJ./:tpyx YOVE",CX' OAOevcx x<x, TOW CX,,6uY'EtVY), 0". 606.

200 J. LOZACH, Le delta du Nil, 1935, 0". 50.

201 ~O.",., I, 0". 142-143. "AMcx n:cxpocBeOYfJ.CXTCX: ,/:t n:oAu&'p,6fJ.<X.fJ.txpO: TOo,af.l.!oc XO\",o.. crTI)v ' ASPL<XV~Un:OAYj (aTO (810, II, 10). IIp(3. =-0 j3t(3).[o ",ou IGNACIO DE Asso, Hist. de fa economfa politics de Ara· gon, 1798 (in:OC\lExS. 1947) ,te; AEn:'O[LEPEtEC; y,/:t TO pantanalTije; Mm;"""(3appE (cr. 84), TIJv TCES,&'S", Tij<; Olitcrxcx (72-73), Tije; L:"'p<xy6crocc; (94 ><"8.) xc.i ,ou TEpoUE:A (186).

202 B.N. TIcxp[O"t, Ita!., 1220, fD 35.

L ?! A:"~EI:!: ~ETA:::T rAAAIA~ KAI TIIEMONTE. IIwc; <pctV"t'a.t;OVT<XV TO cppa.y!-la: TWV (30UVWV a.V<XfLE'"a: 0""t""iJ ra).ALOC XI'" aT1JV ha).,<X. «Dessemg de I attaquement du paz et destroict de Suze en Piedmont, emporte par Ie Roy", 1629. B.N. Est., Id 24 f? .• H VLK7J TOU Aou1>o[3ixou I'T" a1tEodxvuE OT! Tj X<XTtXxTI)O"l) TIjc; 'ha).Locc; rijv OTtOL ... E-yxCXTtAELljJlXV

TO 1559, OEv >i"r= OUcn<OA1j U1tOllEO"l). (<1>WTOYPCXCPLCX B.N. If ceplei ) ,

4. TO l>EATA TOY POl>ANOY. LXEoLO!'-1: 1tEVOC, i:m:;a:>w!'-oc-na!'-Evo. D«p[at, 'YoPOYPOC<pLx7) ·Y1n]PE",lcx. -roii Ncx.U"t'lXOU 1001 (5.2, pl. 15, yUpw a"t'C< 1680). (<l>w"t'oypcx.<p[a E .. P .. H .. E.)

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203 PHILIPPE LECA, La Corse ... , 0.71:., cr. 213 xal 270· J. DE BRAD!, 0.71:., cr. 25.

204 T-ry\l btoxiJ TW\I [3pO;(WV, 0< 1tIoOLaOeo; e[\lIXL )..lILveo; 'YJ )..acr1twoiL<; bmpaveLeo; (J.J. THARAUD, La Bataille a Scutari, 1927, cr. 53, CT',(enx:x ILE "d.c; &.A[3av'xE:c; 7teot&.oeo;}· "t'OC )..acr1two'1) ifA"f) xed ,:x TeAILIXTIX 7tOU O'1)f.LLOupye"i (:, BOYLcX:vIX<;, O,CX\l t;e::x_e:tA[C;:el (erro r&o, cr. 148}.

205 "E"t'crL cruve[3"f) "t'o 1940 o-TI) Nancx , I rrrra\llcx' ,0\1 'Ia\lou&.pw "t'OU 1941 o-TI)\I IIopToycxAtcx, ,0 $e:[3pouap,o ,OU 1941 o-TI) Lupla, ,ov 'OXTW[3pW ,OU 1940 o-TI) )..e><.,xV1] TOU Lcr1tIXVtXOU "E[3pou (7tA"f)pocpop<ec; "t'OU ,u7tou). IIA"f)[L[Lupeo; crT-ljv Kapoo[3a, 31 .a.exe!Lf3ptou 1554 ><:a, 1 ~ 'IIXvoucxp'ou 1555, FRANCISCO K. DE UHAGON, Relationes hist6ricas de los siglos XW y XVII, 1896, a. 39 x.L

206 L,pa:t"'1)You ED. BREMOND, 0.71:., cr. 17· ,OU rOtou cruyypcxcpea, Yemen etSaoudia, 1937, cr. 11, "'l1L. 6.

73

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207 ['cOt T1Jv E:AavacrL()( lmapxauv «ep80v()( Xp>1""p.()( spy"'. 1'L'" y"'''LXO 1t"pocr",v",·.aALap.o 7j p.eAeT1j '.au JULES SION, <cEtude sur la malaria et son evolution en Mediterranee», (ITO Scientia, 1938· M. SORRE, Les fondements biologiques de la geogr. hum., 1942, x()(l 1:0 E:1;""pe1:Lxo iip8po -r oii M. LE LANNOU, «Le role geographique de la malaria», aT'" AnnaJes de Geographie, XLV, 1936, cr. 112-135. To E:VOL()('PepOV 8.1 'li1:cx.v v.x p.1tapouacx.p." VCt p.e1:pYjcroU!l.E: X"" \lCt X"'P1:0YP()('P>1croup.e T1jv Ctva1t1:UI;>] TIj~ E:Aavacrt~ X()(1:'" ...ry o,Or.pxewc 1:au TEAEU1:()([OU 1t"()(yxocrP.[ou 1t"OA£P.OU crTIJ Me:crOye:LO, p.E: TIJ\I SMe:L<¥'1 TIjc; }tLVtv'1C;' ['LCt -rijv iO"1:opt"', Ot 1tLO O">]jLc.tV1:LXE:c; E:py",cr[ec; dVc.tL 1:au ANGELO CELLI, «Stor ia della malaria nell'agro, romano», M.R. Ac. dei Lincei, 1925, T" a"'Lpa, 1:. I, fasc. III· The history of Malsria in the Roman Campagna from ancient times, AO\lo[vo 1933, Xc.t' TIjc; ANNA CELLI·FRAENTZEL, «Die Bedeutung der Malaria fur die Geschiehte Roms und der Campagna in Altertum und Mittelalter», Festschrift B. Nocht, 1927,2 pl., 1 xap1:>]C;, cr. 49-56' "Die Malaria irn XVIIten Jahrhundert in Rom und in der Campagna, im Lichte zeitgenossischer Anschauu ngerr», Arch. L Gesch. der Medizin, XX, 1928, cr. 101- 119· "La febbre palustre nella poesia», 01:0 Malariologia, 1930. 1'L.x TIJv E:AOvOcr[", crTIJv KpLP.cx.["" xojL"Y)C; DE ROCHECHOUART, o.rr" a. 154.

Meptxe:c; Ae1t"1:op.epe:Le:c; yL.x 1:0V 16° ",tw,,()(. 'H 'P>1p.'1 yt.x 1:rC; OCV8UYLEtVe:C; Q"Uv67jxec; a-ri)v Ku1t"po EIven "TETOr.OC~ WaT€ O'T& OU!1-(30AOCl.tX Vcx.UAWrr1)t; reoD U7toypci<pov~cu. &.\l6:~Eacx. crTOUt:; 7tpOaxUV71"'t'EC; TWV 'I' AyLW'V ToTtwv xcxl (reaUe; xu(3C:PVYj-rEC; TWV nAOtWv, o[ Te:AEUTOCtOr. U7tor:rx.0VTa . .r. V(X [J.-Y}\I )(o:.'VQu'J crTa.m'j 1t"avw Ct1t"O 1:P"'C; p.epEC; crTIJv Ku1tpo, REINHOLD ROHRICHT, Deutsche Pilgerreisen nech dem Heiligen Lande, 1900, cr. 14. LUP.'PW\Jc.t JLE: TOV G. BOTERO, o.rr., u1"rijpXc.tv P.OAucrP.ot1:LXOC i£A"y) XOV1:Ct crTIJ LaAC;, a. 5· Ctv8uYLeLvEC; 1t6A""';, 1:0 M1t"pLV1:el:;L, 7j "AXOUtAot, 7J Pwp.>], 7j p()((3£wc.t, 7j , AAel;Or.vopeL'" -rijc; Aty,j- 1t"1:au, I, 1, a. 47' 7j 'AAP.1t"~'" aTIJ yevo(3e:l:;OC1) pL(3tepc.t eXeL fLt.x 1t"OAU 1t"AOUatc.t TtEOLcio()(, ma l'sria n'" pestilente, cr. 37. LTI]v TIoAc.t, o[ xa1:QLxat E:yxc.t1:c.<Ad7tow...ryv 1t"OA'1 1:0 X()(AOX""pt AOYW 1:au 7tUpe:1:0U x()(l E:1t"LO"1:p£q:>auv 1:"0 Xe:,p.wvc.t, PHILIPPE CANAYE, Le voyage du Levant, o.rr., cr. 206. 0up.()( E:AOvOcr[",c; (;) Yj (3CtcrLALcrC;C( TIj<:; 'IO"1t()(vf~ crTIJ Le:yo(3["" 1:0V Auyou0"1:0 Tau 1566, CELESTIN DOUAIS, Depsches de M. de Fourquevaux, ambassadeur de Charles IX en Espagne, 1565-1572, IIc.tp[aL 1896-1904, III, a. 10· XPLO">] E:Aovod~ 1:0U ¢LA[1t"7tOU B' 0"1:0 M1t"c.tv1:()(xo6, M. PHlLlPPSON, Ein Ministerium unter Philipp II, BepoA[va 1895, cr. 188.

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Z08 M. SORRE, o.rr" cr. 388. To Len:T':jL[3pta 1:au 1566, OA",)-1J 'IO"1tc.tvLc.t tJ.>>1ve1:c.tL (ITOV 1t"Upe:1:0 (Fourquevaux TtpOc; [3c.tcrLAtcrcrc.t, Le:ya[3["" 11 Le:1t"1:e:P.(3pLOU 1566, DOUAIS, o.rr., III, 18).

209 dO.rr., cr. 263.

210 '0 JULES LECLERCQ, Voyage en Algerie, 1881, xc.t1:a1t"A>]X1:0c; Ct1t"O 1:'c; x()(1:aO"TpDcpE:C; 1tOU 1t"p0l;e:vei: 7j E:AOvoa[", 0"1:lc; X"'jL"y)AE:c; 1t"epLOXEC; TIjc; 'AAyepL~, ypa'PeL, CJ. 178: ,,~Av ol Eupw1t()(lm OE-.. p.1tOPOUV v", \;Yjcrouv 0"Tt.c; XOLAOr.Oe:C;, yLc.tTt. OE-.. XTtl:;OUV XWPLOt 0"1:'" [3ouVa;)l.

2!J 'A vOr.fLea", O"1:Ct &A)..c.t 1t"po[3A>1jL()(1:a 1t"OU urr'ijPX()(V &v"''P0ptxa jLe: TIjv iyxc.tTa(ITc.tO">] -rij<:; 1:0UPXLx'1jC; 1t"pw1:euoucr~ crTIJv ~AyxupCl O">]jLeLwvaufLe: xc.tl-rijv E:AOVoaLc.t a-rij yeL1:ovLX7J 1t"eOLao",: NOEllE ROGER, En Asie Mincure, 1930, a. 46.

Zlz To ocv()(Cl'£pet /) M. SORRE, Fondements biologiques, CJ. 344.

75

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213 W.H.S. JONES, Malaria, a neglected factor in the history of Greece and Rome, Aov8LVO 1907.

214 P. HILTEBRANDT, Der Kampf urns Mittelmeer; 1940, a, 279. '0 Aewv I', oe:tvo.; xtN'ly6.;, SCt 1tpo<>(3A"1)Se:;: xed ocu-roe; xoc16oX U1tOX{,cj;e:L o' gva.v n:a.poi';uq.to €J..OVO<>LCXe; (GONZAGUE TRUC, Leon X, o, 71 xcxl 79). M-f)n:wc; xcxt 0 LltXvT"'J'; OEV 1tEScxve: mo "'Aovo<>£oc, on:wc; etxom Xp6v,oc \lWp£-re:pa. {, rxou[v-ro KOC(3ocAxtXVTL; (L. GILl.Ef, Dante, 1941, a .. 340). Au-ro 1;0 &'VCXcpEpOU[1-e: [1-E oAe:.; -rtc; imcpuil.&:i';EL<;.

215 P. HILTEBRANDT, 0."., cr. 279.

216 BERNARDO SEGN!, Storie fiorentine ... dalJ'anno 1527 al1555, 1723, cr. 4.

217 '0 J.B. TAVERNIER, Voyages, I, o, 110, yeoX -roc EA"1) TIje; 'AAe:i;cxvoph-rcx.; -ro 1691-

218 K. ESCHMID, <>-r0 WERNER BENNDORF, Das Mittelmeerbucb, Atq,La. 1940, cr. 22. 'AvcxcpoptxCt [1-€: TI)V ii';tX1tAW"'"1) TIje; eAovo<>[cxe; -r[ voX U1ttXpXe:e iipcxye: n:[<>w &.n:o -rte; ypa.[1-[1-€:'; -rou STENDHAL (Promenades ... ,

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II, 164): «'0 x. Me:-ra1;eu;, vo[1-£1:w, O'tX"'"1)[1-o,; yeCX-rpe.; xcxl xcxAALe:PY"'l[1-Evo,; iivSpwn:o.; auVE-rCXi';e: EVcx XtXp-r"'J -rwv -r6n:wv n:ov e:Ix_e: 1tpo<>(3tXAe:L (, n:upe-r6q);

21' A.d.5 .. Be:ve:-r[a., Brera 54, f" 144v.

220 FRANCESCO GUICCIARDINI, La historis d'Itslia, Be:Ve:1;LCX 1568, <>.2. ('H e:tp"1)VeXlJ 'hcxALCX) cultivate non meno ne luoghipii: montuosi et piiJ sterili, che nelle pianure, et regioru sue piiJ Fertili. IIp(3. ""'; exn:A1jx-rtXE:'; 1tCXP",:,,:p-f)cr~,.; -r?U MO~AIGNE, 0.,,,.,, cr. 23-:: y0p~ &.':0 "0 Ao~~cx, EOW x"-,t 1te:v-f)v-ra. xp6vt~ (1581) -rcx a.fl.7teAtCX ocvnxcx-re:<>"J<>CXV e:n:a.vw <>-rcx (3ouva ,,'t'cx ocx"'"1) XCXt n.; Xa.<>-rCXVLe:.;"· a. 248: « .... T"'J [1-ESOOO n:ou qouv voX XCXMee:pyOUv -roX (3ouvoX [1-€x.pt TIJv xOPU'P-f) -rou.;». LlEV e:If1-CXt e>0f1-'PWVOC;, Aom6v, [1-0: -ro WPCXLO X_WPLO -rou MICHELET, La Renaissance, IIcxpLm 1855, 0'. 31-32. '0 PH. HILDEBRANDT, 0.."., a. 268, (3AEn:e:L -ro n:p6(3A"1)f1-CX KCX-roX -rov tOtO -rp6n:0 f1-E floevcx. 0. 'hexAol. au[1-fl.e-rEx_OUV <>-rie; [1-e:y<iAe:.; &'VCXXCXA{,q,e:LC; -1L-hn:WC; Be:ve:t;ouEAcx o€:v "'"'l1La.Lvet ILtxPlJ Be:ve:-r[oc;- &JV,.' b<dV"1) TI)V in:ox7J (, t-rcxAtXOe; 1tA"1)8u<>[1-o,; oLa.Se-ret in:tXpxe:eCX xWpou· YJ &'<>-rtxlJ -rtXi';"1) OEv El-n:ope:t voX oe:;: n:EpCX &.n:o -rov [1-ecroye:tCXXO Op[t;ov1;CX' xo<[, -reAOe;, -Yj Xe:p<>6v"1)croc; OEv OtESe-re: xcxl TO 1tp6<JBe:-ro XLV1j-rpO -rwv SP1jc>xe:u-rtxW'l cruyxpou<>e:wv n:ou wB"1)<>ocv -rou.; VAyyAOU'; xcxl. -roue; 'OMCXVOOU'; 1tEPCX &'1tO -r1.; S<iAa.<><>e:c;.

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'H xGt.ci:xT7)crY) .wv rrEOLtXOwV, EvGt OVELPO rrou avtXYETGtL CJTYjv GtUy1J -rijc; 1.crropLGtC;. '0 7t£80C; TWV 6.Gtvex.toU)v dVGtL 7J cX.vtXfLv"1J1TI) arro TIJv derGtyw--rYl -rijc; fL6vLfL1)C; &.pOEUITI)C; c:rrIjv rrEoLtXoex. TOU "ApyoUC;.221 ~E: fL~oc rroAu fLGtXPLV7J XPOVLX7J crrLYfL-f), 01. xtX.mxoL .wv rrGtP6xEl~wv rrEpwxwv -rijc; Kwrrex.toex.c; &'pXLerGtv voc E:7tEXTdvOVTOCL crrtc; E:AWOELC; OXeEC; T1)C;.222 ' Arro TIJ VEOALElLX7J xL6Aa.C; erroX7J crrov Agro Romsno+? U1ri)PXE eva. urr6YELO o[x't"UO aywywv, TO erro"i:o e:'{)EPGtV erTO '()WC; o] aPXGttOAOYLXE:C; aVGtc:rxoc'{)EC;. rVwerTOC E:TdlTI)C; TOC rrpwT6yov<x e:py<x TWV 'ETPOUc:rxWV crrtc; erTEVE:C; rrEOLtXOEC:; -rijc; TocrxtXv"1Jc;.

, A v<XfLEerGt erTtc; rrpwTEC; <X.rr6rrELpEC:; x<xl .OC fLEya.Aex. «!3EA.LW.!.XeX» e:py<x TOU 19°U XGtl TOU 20°;; GttWV<X -TOC 07t0"i:a. arrGtP~ElfL-f)erex.fLE rrpO"1JyoufLEVWC;- 7J rrpoc:rrra.ElELGt TWV <X.vElpwrrwv veX x<XT<xx-r1)erouv .lc; rrEOtcX.oEC; OE:V oLocx61t"1)XE 7tOTE, e:crrw Xl. &v Xa.7tOTE Cf"1JfLdwerE Xa.AcX.pWCf"1J. '0 &.vElpwrroc; -rijc; MEeroydou rrcX.v.Gt [3pl.c:rx6.cx.v O"E:

OLGtpX'lj aywv<x fLE: .0'11 xa.fLrro. '0 E:rrol.xLO"fL0C; ex.{)T6c;, x<x.Oc rroAu ouc:rxoA6TEP0C; arro T7)v 7t:ciA"1) XGtTeX TOU ocX.erouc; ~ TaU BGC.fLv6T07tOU, ElvGC.L TO 7t:LO GC.UElEV.LXO erToLxE"i:o-rijC; ciypOTLX-9je; T1)C; terTOp[cx.c;. "Orco»; &x.pL[3WC; 7J EupW1t"1), b BoppOcC:; arrEXT1)o"E OVT6T1)-rcc, ~ scrTW O!.EUpUvEl"1)XE, rrGC.AEUOVTGC.C; fLE: TeX D'-"1) TWV Ocx.crwv, e:TcrL XGC.t"i] MEer6YEWC; !3p'fjXE cr-rl.e; rrEOLcX.OEC; T7jv XGC.WOUPLGC. T1)C; y'fj, Tlc; E:erWTEpLXE:C; , AfLEptXEC; T1)e;.

Tov 16° GC.[Wv<x 1)0Y;, XGC.t erE: OA1) TIJ OtcX.pXELGC. TaU 17°U GC.tWvGC., yLVOVTGC.L rra.pGC. rroAAoc [3EATLWTLXOC EPY<X' llex.poAo rrou TeX fLEcrGC. rrou Ol.EElETOCV -YjTGC.V rrEVLXpa.: TcX.CPPaL, XGC.v.ci:xtGC., aywyol, aVTA[EC; fLE: fLtXP'lj oUvGC.[L"1J. Tov E:7t:6fLEVO GC.twvGC. o] 6AA<XVOOt fL"1)XGC.VLxol Eloc E:mvo-f)erouv arroTEAEO"[LGC.TLX6TEpEC; fLEEl6ooue;.224 Tov 16° GC.tWvGC. O[LWe; OE:V u1ri)PXcx.v OAA<XVOOt fLy;xocvtXOL. 'Ecp6crov Aomav TOC fLEcrcx. -YjTGtV aVErrGtpx'lj XGtl 01. E:rrtXEtp-f)crELe; -YjTGtV [Ll.xp-9jc; XA[[LcxxGtC;, E:rrtT£ElEv.O cr-ro SAOe; .[L1)fLGtTLXcX.. AUTO EIXE we; cruvE7t:ELGt rrOAAE:e; arroTuX[EC;. To 1581 0 MOVTGt[VWC:; cruvGtvTCi c:rTIJ BEVET[Gt, erTIJv XOtAa.Oa. TOU 'A1)[n, ~(Une infinie etendue de pais boueux, sterile et plein de carmes» 225 ([LtOC a7t:Epex.vT1) e:XTex.1TI) Aex.c:rrr6T07t:WV, &yov1) xGtl YE[LtXT7) xex.AGtfLLEe;), 7t:OU

221 HERBERT LEHMANN, "Die Geographischen Grundlagen der kretisch-mykenischen Kultur», aTO Geogr. Zeitschr., 1932, a. 335.

222 • 0 AUGUSTE JAROE, Les Gereales dans l'Antiquit,§ grecql1e, 1925, a. 71, rrapOC11:e!L11:e:L acov ~Tf)(x.!3wva. A. PHILIPPSON, «Der Kopais-See in Griechenland und seine Umgebung», aco Zeitschr. der Gesel1schaft fur Erdkunde zu Berlin, XXIX, 1894, cr. 1-90. P. GUlllON, Les trepieds du Ptoion, 1943, a. 175-195. 223 M.R. DE LA BLANCHERE, "La malaria de Rome et Ie drainage antique», aTo Melanges d'erch. et d'histoire, EXIl. L'Eco]e francaise de Rome, II, 1882, a. 94 xL

224 Na e:lVOCL lipayE 0 rrpWTO<; &11:0 OCUTOUe; TOUe; ,,'OAAGtvoouq>, GtUTOUC; TOUe; Bopdoue;, 0 «dijkrneesten), 0 !L'1XOCVL}(Oe; rrou aTEAve:L 0 VOUVTaLOe; TO 1598 }(G<T' EVTOA-l] TOU TIOC11:G< aTIJ We:ppci:pCL, XCLl 0 011:0;:0e; fLmci:1:;e:L va axeqrre:TocL va XP7JaLfLoT<OLfJaE' &Ve:fL0!LUAOUe; yoa TIJv liVTA7J07j TWV VEPWV; Correspon dance de Frangipani, €:x1l. Armand Louant, 1932, T. II, Bpu1;eAASe;, 13 "Iouvtou, 17 'Iouv[ou, 25 'IouALou, 13 Auyouacou 1598, a. 345, 348, 362-363, 372.

225 MONTAIGNE, Voyage en Italie, a. 138.

XEP~ONH2:0I: OPH, OPOnE~IA KAI nE~IA~EZ

1tex.AL6TEPex. ijTex.V TEA[Lex.Tex., TOC orroT.Gt "i] ~tVLOp£OC E:rrLxdp1)ere voc arro';1)p<xvEL YLeX voc «1)Y;[LWUpy1)crEt XGtAALEpy1)crtfLGt EOcX.CP1)··.», xex.;' Xex.TOCAf]YEL: «fLCiAAov 1:;;"1)!-LLW&tjXex.V rrGtPeX xEpoLerGtv 1tpOc:rrrOCElWVTex.C; voc -rije; owerouv OLa.CPOpe:TLX"i] [Lop'{)-f)). To row arroTUX1)fLEVEe; -71:Gtp' OA<x ocrex. AEEL b «TU7t:Oe;» -rijc; Errox-9j<;;, (1)Acx.o-Yj 01. irrLCf"1J[LOL XPOVLxoyp6:.cpm- crra.El1)xcx.v xex.l. 01 rrpocrrrcX.ElELEe; TOU [LEya.AOU oouxGt <PEpOtVa.voou erTIJv TOcrxex.VLX7J MGtpE[LfLex. xGtl erTO [3u6tcrfLex. -rijc; BeXA VTt KtcX.Vex..226

~TIj Mex.pE:[L[Lex.OL fLEya.AOt OOUXEC; a7t:O TIJV E7t:0X7J TOU K61:;;LfLo xex.l. [LETOC OC7t:OrrELpa.El1)Xex.v voc (1)[Lwupy1)erouv [L~eX erLTorrex.pGtYWYLX'lj rrEpLOX'lj (TO aVT[crTOLXO crg fLEYGtAUTEP"1) x)..L[LOCXex. E:xdvou 71:0U E:mxdpy;crE 7J rEVO[3ex. CfT'lJv OCVGtTOAtX'lj 7t:EOLcX.Oex.-rijc:; Kopcrtx'fjc;). ~' ex.UTO OcpdAETGtL xd"i] A-f)~"1) EUVO'~xwv [LETPWV yLeX TIJv E:yxex.TcXcrTex.O"1), OL rrpoxGtTGt!3oAE:e; fLE: aVTLxpLertLGt TIJ y'fj xGtl. TIJ croOELcX., "i] crTpex.TOA6yy;0"1) E:PYOCTLXWV XEPLWV xocl. e:m7t:AE:ov e:o(;) XL e:xe"i: TOC ~pyoc E:';uy£ex.vO"1)C; -rijc;y'fjC;' TO rxpocrcre"t"O, rra.vw crTOV rrOTex.fLo 'OfLrrp6vE, e:ytVE ixdv1) TIjv rrEpLOOO AL[La.VL E:';ocywy'fje; crtT1)pwv fL€: 7t:pOOpLerfLo TO AL[36pvo... Touc; A6youc:; YLOC TIJ fLEPLX7J arroTUXLOC Gtu-rijc; -rijc; arr07t:Etpex.C; O"1)fLdwcrE EUcr-r0XOC e Reumont c:rrIjv 7t:ex.ALcX TOU 'Io-ropta Tifc; Tooxd-

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(1)fLwupy1)erouv fLLeX 7t:EOLa.OOC fLE: (1) !-L"1J.pLcx.xcX. , 7tpcXY[Lex. rrou cruvErra.YETex.L ero(3ex.poc e:1;ooex., xex.l a7t:O TIJV &.AAY) VOC E:0P<XLWcrOUV EVex. [LOV07t:WAW ayopCie; TWV erLT1)pwv rrpoc; rOWV OCPEAoC;, [LE: rxAAex. A6YLex. Svex. crUcrT1)fLex. rrWA-f)o"EWV erE: Xex.!-L1)A€:C; .LfLEC;. ' AVT[EJE-rrx, E:xE"i:vo rrou XpEt<x1:;;6Tex.V -YjTGtV VOC avoU;ouv -ri)v ayopoc crTO cruvGtywvLerfLo OAWV TWV ayopex.crTwv -rijc:; MEcrOydou. rtGtTl. TOe EYYELO[3EATLWTLXeX e:pyGt dVGtL 71:0AUOcX.- 7t:GtVGt xex.l. -lJ arr6oolTI), I'utilite, OSV dvex.t rra.vTGt .iVa.AOY1) fLS Tl.e; OGt71:cX.VEe;. To 1534 OL «p-f)TOPEC;» T'fjc; MrrpEcrtex.c; urroypex.fL!-L£1:;;ouv crTIJ crUYXA1)TO T'fje; BEVET£ex.C; {hL ((yteX veX Xex.TGtc:rxEUGtO"TOUV aywyol. xex.l ,()Pa.YfLOCTex. arrex.t.ouvTGtt xoAocrcrta."i:EC; oex.rra.vEC;

ff'

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erELe;, XGtTGterTPa.cpy;xex.v. 'EXTOC; ana -r'lJ cruyxEV.pWO"1) xa.l. TO Xex.vocAL1:;;cX.pLerfL<X TWV VEPWV ocrrex.LTouvTGC.l. cruvEX"i] E';OOGt cruv-r1)p"1)lTI)e; WerTE, &'.1 XcX.VGt[LE £vex. cruvOAtxo urroAoytcr!-L6, Boc !3p[c:rxex.[LE 7t:oAu [LLXP-Yj OLOC'{)OpOC ava.tLEerGt crTO XEpOOe; xocl. erTIj

~oc-rr':' 228 "'" '" I I 7 'rf e M ' ,

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rrTucrcrouv TOC E:mXELp-f)fLGtTcX .oue; XGtl. 1:;;"1).ouv e:AEOC; yLeX vOc OC7tGtAA<XYOUV arro TOUe; '()6poue;. lla.vTwc; cXA1)ElEUEt O-'L TOe E:yyEW[3EATLW.LXOC e:pyGt dVOCL fLEYcX.AEe; EmXELp-f)o"EtC; 7tOU arrOCLTOUV tcrxupoc fLEcrex.. EIvGtl. E:7ttXELp-f)crELC; XOCTE1;ox7Jv xu[3Epv1)TLxie;,

~TIJv Toc:rxcXv1) TOC .iVGtAGt[L(3a.VEL fLLOC (('{)w.mfLEv"1)) XU(3EPV1)O"1) -1), 071:WC; TO 1572, eVGtC; 7t:p£yxmocc; arra -r'lJ OOUXLX'lj OtXOytvELGt, 0 tLETErrEtTGt [LEycx.c; oouxGtC; «I>EpOtVcX.V-

~26 A_. VON REUMONT, Geschichte Toscana s, I, a. 358 X.E. rL& TO LOW BEfLGt, O. CORSINI, RagionBInento istorico sopra 1a Val di Chiana, WAwpe:vTLa 1742· V. FOSSOMBRONI, Memorie idraulico-storiche soprn 1a Val di Chiana, <D-AWpe:VTLOC 1789· MICHELET. Journal inedit, a. 169-170. Tov 16° OCLWVOC It-yLVGtV !LE:PLl«X; itpy<x ~P"<; c("ll:oTeM:a!La YLa -MJ !3EATLW07j -rij<; A'fL"'lC; KaacLA'OVE:, A. VON REUMONT, o.:n:., I, a. 369.

I, a. 366 X.E.

228 A. ZANELLJ, Delle condizioni interne di Brescia, dsl 1642 al 1644 e delmoto deJJa borghesia.contro 1a mobilits nel 1644, Mn:pecrLct 1898, a. 242-243.

79


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, - K '., ,- M .,-.. ' , r - K' 232

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cX.7t0 TtX E:A&X~CJTCt. 7tOV o~Ct.Xp[VOUfLe:, CPCt.[\le:TCt.~ OT~ TtX E:yye:LO(3e:ATl.WT~Xa itpyCt. TtX cX.VCt.ACt.[J.(3c.:VOUV E:IT!.Xe:~P7)fLCt.T[e:e:; yCt.wxT1j[J.O\le:e:; nov O"f)[J.l.OUPYOUv VSCt. XWP~tX OOUA07tc.:pOLXWV -TtX T(J'!(pAExux-, XUptw.:; cX.7t0 TO\l 16° oti.WvCt. XCt.l fLe:Tc.:, crTle:; XCt.fL"f)AEe:; XCt.1. EAWOe:~c:; 71:e:PLOXSe:;, 07twe:; crT'l)v 71:diLc.:OCt. TOU ~uppCt.X[ou XCt.1. XCt.Ta fL7jxoe:; TOU BCt.poap"f).234 Me:Y&Aot XWP~tX 71:0V avCt.yvwp[C;:OVTCt.l. afLsCJwe:;, fLE Ta xCt.Au(36CJIT!.Tc.: TOUe:; crTP!.fLwy(.LsVCt. yUpw a7to T'l)v a'\ll.)~w[J.sV"fJ XCt.TOtXtCt. TOU acpsvT7), 71:0V Ta E:i;Oum6tC;:El. x.Ct.l -.ex E:71:l.T"f)pe:L ...

, AAAa XCt.1. CJT'l) ~uO""f) fL~a cre:~pa E:yyEW(3e:ATl.WT!.X.WV itpywv OcpdAOVTCt.t crTle:; aTofLtXEe:; 71:pWT0(30UAtSe:; TWV [J.syotAOXe:cpCt.ACt.~OUxwv. Alhol. O"f)fLLOUpY"f)crCt.V crTO (3Ct.6u-

229 A. VON REUMONT, o.rr., I, a. 363-364. ' AE:£l,;el e:1Ct<n)C; \Ie.: Q:voc<pipoufLe, crxe·nxe.: 1CeXVTOC fLe TI]v To(JXeXv"y) yUpw aTo 1550, Te.: e:I;UYlOCVTlXC. epyoc (ITe.: ifA"Y) -rijc; 'A\laeVTovtC>: (G. VENEROSI PESCIOLlNI, «Una Memoria del secolo XVI sulle palude di Ansedonia», (ITO La Maremma, VI, 1931). '0 H. WATJEN U"Y)fLetw\le:t 8" TO fLeleXAo epyo cn-l]\1 ToaxeXv"Y) btl fLeYMou OOUXOC ¢e:po!.vocvoou e:I\lOCL -l] a1Col;7)poc\l<n) TWV eAwv, Die Niederliinder im Mittelmeergebiet, 1909, a. 35. rt.1 e\loc ax.iow e:yyEtOf3eATtw<n)C; cn-l] MocPE:fLfLOC -rijc; 2::LE:VOCC;, 1556, 1tOU dXE 1CPOTOC8Ei: (ITO (3ocmAt.1 -rijc; rOCMtoc<;, -xtpf3. L(;CIEN ROMIER, Le origines politiques des guerres de religion, 1913-1914, II, a. 397-398.

230 HANSJORG DONGus, "Die Reisbaugemeinschaft des Po-Deltas, eine neue Form kollektiver Landnutzung», (ITO Zeitsehrift fur Agrargesehiehte und Agrarsoziologie, 'OXTW[?>PWC; 1963, a. 201 xocl 202' C. ERRERA, "La bonifica estense nel Basso Ferrarese», (ITO Hiviste Geogr. itaJ., 1934, a. 49-53.

23' T.1 e:yyew[3EATtWT'X.1 itPIOC aTO rrOC1tLXO XpOCTOC; TI]\I e:1COX-IJ TOU 1tOC1COC IILou E', PASTOR, o.rr., XVII, a. 84.

232 B.N. TI<xpl.<JL, Esp. 127, f" 20v xoct 21. TIpOXE!.TOC' Idle it\lOC ax.eotO ltOU fLEAe-ri)8"1)xe TO 1594 a1Co TI]\I «Camera» xocl TeALxeX E:yxOCTocAd<p8"1)XE. I1avTwc; b xOfL"y)C; \lTe 'OAt[?>ocpec; EOELI;e: fLeyocAo SV&OC<pEpaY. Ol apxec; -JjTOCV o,c(TE6e:LfLE\lEC; \1.1 e:xfL!.cr8waouv TI]v e:1t!.xdp1'JU"Y).

233 2::Xe:TtXC. fL€: ,0 eVOEXOfLE\lO evoc; E:yyEtO[3EAT'WTtXOi3 epyou crTI]V 'AXOUCAE;tOC, Giacomo Soranzo 1CpOC; oOY"YJ, B'Ew"y), 7 AulouaTou 1561, G. TURBA, Veneto Depesehen, 13, a. 191.

234 M~ C(\~rt"ov TO...., Tp67CO epl-L"I)VEUW TO crx.oTer:v6, et:IX.LT[IXC; TOO rr)..ou.,;-ou TOU, ~!.f3A[O TOU RICHARD BUSCH-ZANTNER, Agrarverfassung, Gesellsehaft und Siedlung in Siidosteurope, At<\;Loc 1938 xocl 8EWPW 8" O<pdAW fL'''' anoa<x<p7)\lLU"Y). rtc. xe:Ivov, ae aVTteeU"Y) fLE: TO\l CVlJIe, TO roup).[x< oev d\lOCt "'Pxoci:o xwp,6, a\le:pxofLe:vo aTO Me:aoctwvoc (a. 104-105). EI\lOCl ve6Tepo xw;no nou lewLEToc, TOV 16° OCLWVOC xocl 1tOMOC1tAOCmocl,;ETOCt TOV 17° octwvoc, o1poc S\lOC XWP'o nou XPwaTii T7Jv U1tOCPI;1j TOU (ITO aUYXPO\lO e:rrotxta!J.o xocl cn-l]v ,£yyew[3eATLw<n). 'EYXC<TE<JT"Y)fLE:vO aTO [3oc60c; -rijc; 1tEOtOCOOCC;, XOVT.1 (ITO \lEpa TWV ALfL\lWV xoct TW\I XOLAeXowv, OLOCTPEXe:, aux:-& TO\l xLvou\lo 1tA7)!J.fLupwV (a. 124). '0 Orner Lufti Barkan dVOCL crUfL'!'w\loC; fL€: TI]\I &1to<\;7) !J.0U.

80

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-repo O""f)fLdo -rije; AOfL(3Ct.pOlCt.e; TOUe; opu1:;:&ve:C;, 7tOV avCt.7tTUx6"f)xav 11-~ T6cro TotXU pu6fL6, WcrTE va zi;a:youv Ta 71:po'~6vTa TOUe:; 71:poe:; T'l) revo(3Ct. fLe:Ta TO 1570, a7t' 8cro yvwp[1:;:ou(.Le:, rcrwe:; fL&A~crTCt. xCt.l 71:LO 7tCt.A~a:. "EvCt.e:; (3EVETO':; 71:Ct.TptX.toe:; -71:0V O~Eypc.:CP"f) a71:0 TO'll xaT&AOYO TWV e:uye:vwv, ao[xw.:; XOCTOC T'l) YVWfL"f) TaU, cX.AAa fLE:

XCt.A'l) 71:Ct.p' OACt. otUTa 7te:pLOUcrtot- OOxtfLCt.cre: va &7tAwcre:~ TO (3e(3"f)AO XSpL TOU crTtX ve:pa -rije:; (3Eve:nx7jc:; ALfLvoflc.:ACt.crcrCt.e:;. Ot apxse:;, OTCt.V e:[OO7tOL1j6"f)XCt.V, aV"f)crUx~crCt.V: 71:we:; fJTCt.V OUVCt.TOv.va crx.e:CPTe:L XCt.Ve:le:;crTtX cro(3Ct.pa va fLETCt.Tpe~e:~ T'l) ALfLvofl6tACt.crcrot cr~ XCt.AALe:pyYJCJLl-l-'lJ y'lj, xwp1.e:; TO q>6(30 va E7l:"fJPECt.crTsL ye:vLxa 1) crTc.:flfL"f) TWV VEPWV;

'H U7t66e:CJ"fJ l-l-7t'ljxe: o-ro apXELo 11-E oucrfLe:v'l) yvwfLoo6T"fJ0""fJ ... 235

Ke:CPCt.ACt.LOUXOl itxouv E:7tLO"7)e:; TO 71:po(3&OtcrfLCt. crTO Kc.:TW ACt.Vyx.EVTOX 11-E [-le:yc.:ACt. a7tOi;"f)pCt.VT~XtX EPYCt., 7tOV avCt.yysAAOVTCt.~ a71:o. TO 1592 XCt.l. 7tOV ea cruVe:XLcrTOUV, &AAOTE fL€ TCEPLcrcr6TSPO XCt.1. &AAOTS 11-E ALy6TSpO 1:;:7jAO xCt.1. E:TCLTUx£a, [J.EXPL TO 1660-1670 7tEpt71:0U. IICt.p6fLOlCt. EPYCt. dXCt.v i;e:xw1jcre:~ Xot;' xovTa crT'l) NCt.PfL7tO\l ana TO 1558, OTCt.V &pxLcrotV va «(JTPCt.yy[1:;:ouv», esgouter, Ta ~A"f). 'Alla XCt.1. crTa TSA7) TaU Ct.tWva [J.E: Tle:; 71:p&Te:e:; O~Ct.[J.OpcpWcre:Le:; aVCt.(3oce(.LLOW'J yUpw cX.71:0 T'l) ALfLV"f) Awvc.:x, 1) xLv"f)O""f) Ct.uT'l) E:TCLTCt.XUVe:Totl. TIpo[3"f)yx~Ct.vol fL"f)XCt.\nx.o[, do~xe:u[J.evot crT'l)v UOpCt.UA~X'l) xCt.t [J.Ct.6"f)TEe:;TOU Adam de Craponnevvepooepepouv T'l) (301jee:~a: TOUe:;. M~a ofLc.:OCt. (Laval, Dumoulin, Ravel) o~w6Uve:~ TO OAO Ey:x:dp7)fLCt. XCt.t ocrCt. 8a E:7tCt.x.oAoufl1jcrouv crTa 71:e:p(XWpoc 71:c.:VTCt. -rije; NCt.PfL7t6v. '0 M71:e:pvap 'liTE ACt.(3c.:A, &pxovTCt.e:; TOU LcD, 7tpocrcptPSt Ta 7tpWTCt. crx.ouoCt. x.Ct.1. xCt.T671:l.v Ta (J1JfL71:A~pw(.LCt.TtXa 71:ocrc.:, Tle:; rallonges.236

. H E:yye:!.O[3e:AT~WTl.xYj ocuT'l) x(v"f)O""fJ aVTCt.7toxp!.v6TCt.V crTL:; ~7tCt.tT1jcre:~e; T&V 71:6Ae:WV. '0 7tA"f)6ucr(.L6G; TOUe:; Ct.uE;ocv6TCt.V O"Uve:xW.:; TO'll 15° XCt.l. 16° Ct.I.WvCt.. 'E71:d.youcre:e:; av6tyxe:e:; E71:~mTl.crf1-0u Tlc:; U7t0xpswvCt.v vix avCt.7tTui;ouv X.et.AAtspye:~e:e:; crT1.C; yUpw TOUe:; 71:Ep!.OxSe;, e:KTe: EyxCt.e~crTWVTCt.e:; TEe:; crE VSCt. E:3c.:cp"f) e:KTE E:71:e:xTdvOVTCt..:; TO apOSUTtXO crUcrT"f)fLCt.. 2:' Ct.UTO OcpdAOVTCt.1. ol T6cre:e:; e:p!.Oe:.:; cX.AAa xed o] T6cre:e:; E7t~xe:pode:; crufLCPWV[Ee:;. «KAAAtCJTCt. floc (.L71:0poucrCt.fLe: va [3poufLe: ve:po 11-E T'l)V E:XTpOn'l) TOU

"OAtO», ASve: TO 1534 OL «p1jTOPSC;» -rije; M71:psCJ!.Ct.e:;, «aAAa T6TS fla cX.VSXU7tTOCV fLe:y&Ae:e:; OLCt.[J.a:Xe:e:; [J.E TOVe; Kpe:fLovsC:oue:;. Xwpt.:; va AoyCt.P~a:C;:oufLE xCt.l Tle:; 71:~6Ct.v~e:; oOAocpovLEe:;, 07twe:; itXE~ xL6ACt.e:; ytVe:Dl.237 To 1593 0;' PSXTOpe:e:; -rije; Be:p6vae:; (.LE T'l)v u71:ocrT1jpLi;7) T7je:; Be:Ve:T£Ct.e:; XCt.TCt.crTpEcpOUV Ta ItpyCt. TWV MCt.VTO(3c.:VWV yta T'l) cruyxp6tT"fJO""f) TW\I VEPWV TOU T c.:PTOCPO, xCt.t Ct.UTO itXe:L we:; Z7tCt.X6Aou60 aTe:AdwTe:e; 71:pocrTp~(3se;.238 Tov 18° Ct.Lwva crT'l)v 'ApCt.ywvtCt. 0;' 71:6Ae:!.e:; Ep~C;:Ct.V ax6(.L'lJ x.Ct.1. x.Ct.ee:fLL<X 7tpocr71:Ct.60ucrE va x.AS~e:t cX.7t0 T'l) omACt.v1j T"fJe:; Tl.e:; 71:0AUTt[-le:.:; 7l:"fJYEC; uope:ucr1je;

235 R. CESSI, «AI vise Cornaro e la bonifica veneziana nel sec. XVIn, aTo Rend. R. Ace. Lincei, Sc. Mor., St. e Fil., ae:Lpc. VI, T. XII, a. 301-323. 2::U\101C",X-ij 1tocpouaLoc<n) TOU F. BRAUDEL, (IT.1 Ann. d'hist. soeiale, 1940, a. '{1-72.

236 E. LE Roy LADURIE, Cl.rr., <T. 442 x.E. '0 Adam de Craponne -rUpw aTO 1558 otoc...otl;e: <XvcXfLEaoc (ITOV N-rup.1vc; xc<t (ITO\l POOOCVO TO XOC\lOC"O nou ,!,EpeL TO oV0!J.OC TOU xoct nOTtl,;Et T7JV Kpw.

237 A. ZANELLl, o.rr., a. 243.

238 A.d.S. Bzve-rtoc, Annali di Venezj8, 11 • A1CPLA£OU 1593 xL

81

o POAOL TOY IIEPIrYPOY

-nJ.:;.239 'Av .. dElETIX, -1J~'1 TOV 15° IXi.wvIX, or: x.xTOLxm TWV TCocp6x8twv nEptOXWV -COU K.x-ccu P-1jvou auVE-COCtPr.~ov-cocv yLOt -rijv TCPOCy[LOC-COTCO['107J El;uytIXV-ctXWV e:pywv aE:

Exe:Lvo -co T[L'1j [LOC , e:pyoc -cOt oTCoLoc CPUcrLXOt 80t Yj-cocv &.~tocv6'1-roc xwplc; -cOt Xe:cp.xAottOC

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ne: LC;. 240

, Ave:l;ap-nJ-Coc &V -r0 TCVe:U[LOC TCOU ETCtXpOC-COuae: 7jTIXV auVe:PYIXTLXO 11 EPtcr"t"LX6, -Yj np0crTC.x8e:LOC -cwv TC6Ae:CUV a.TCO~e:[X-nJXe: xocpTCocp6poc. "E~tve: -rij ouvoc-c6't"1j-roc vOt TCOCpocX80uv bTOC; -rOU &[Le:aou [3e:A"Y)VEXOUC; -cwv &'yopwv TpOcp[[LCUV -rOUC; -cOt X"Y)TCe:U-ctXOt xocl. TO atT.xpt TCOU -rOUC; Yj-rOCV &'TCOCpOC[-nJ-rOC. LltOCcrx_[~OVTOCC; -rijV KOCcr"t"r.AA'1 EVOCC; [3e:Ve:TOe; TCpe:cr[3e:u-rije; cr1J[LTCEpOC[Ve:t on XOCAAte:pye:'i:TO [L6vo yUpcu a.no Tlc; n6AEte; 't"1je;. TOt fLEy.xAOC paramos yLOt -cOt TCp6[3oc-r1X xocl -cOt secanos ytOt -co crL-COCpt, OCUTE:C; Ot xtTpLv6-

r "_,, ,,,,,_ " " , "\, 8 ,,_, l: ' Y

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&.no -rij y9j, -COU e:Ixav 0'1(LLoupyf]ae:t -rijv ocuTocn.x'""1) (hL -Yj uncx.tElpoe; 7j-cotV &Xcx.TO[X'1- -nJ. 'Evw yUpcu &.no "de; n6AEtc; -c'Ije; Kcx.cr"t"r.AA'1e; dXe: auvcx.v-c'ljae:t -cle; npoccrLvEC; Ex-c.xaEtC; TWV a.pOEUO[LE\lCUV xaAALe:pYELWV. L-rij BaYLaooAlo ot X'1jTCOt xat -cOt TCEpt[36Ata e:cpTcx.va\l we; -ctc; 8XBEC; -COU I1taOuEpya. Kat o-TIJ Ma~p['t"1j &.x6(L'1 0 <l>[AtTCTCOC; B' ytOt.-Yjv ETCEX-COC07J TaU I1p.xoo BOt &.vcx.yx_acr"t"EL vOt &yopocaEt &[LTCEAtOC, X1]TCOUC; xcx.l

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AtEPYOUV-CCXL TOV cx.tCUVCX o-ro a\l-ce:AtE, a-co TCtO, <:>TO l.Lpt[LTCCU, o-ro rJ..AACU-

pr.e;, aTo I1EYX0(L6:c;, a-rij Bcx.A[LTC6v, a-rij rxp.xe;, cr"t"o MTCaps6A, cr"t"a Lal\1-PE[Lr., a-co LatV-I1wA v-CE: 0YX0crLEP, a-rij Mcxv6crx ... L' OAO TO [L'1jxoe; TOU N"t"UpOtve; EXTS:r.VOVTCXL ACXxcx.VoX"y)TCe:unXE:e; Xcx.AALEPYEtEC;.242 L:To K.xTCU Aavyxe:VTox «arts xat &poEu6[LEVOt &ypol 0E:v &TCOTEAOU\I ~\I TCpocy[La-ctx6't"1jTCX TCcx.pOt Eva EA.xXLa-co rrorrocrr c (oncuc; xal a-rijv 'IcrTCavr.oc) TOU Xcx.AALEpyf]crL[LOU EO.xCPOUql, -rij [Lov"Y) a-rijv ouar.oc «eXpOe:U6[LEV"Y) SW\l'1 TWV TC6Ae:WV, onou OpBW\lETcc.L -Yj seigne, TO [Layxcx.voTC1j-

" , , -, 3001 - , l:" ,,' 243

YIXOO, TCOU [1.0\10 -COU cx.UTO auvta-ca TO /0 -nJe; cx.",Lcc.e; EV0C; x"y)nOU».

M' cc.UTOV -CO\l -cp6TCO yE\lETaL [LtOt (LE-ccx-c6TCL07J TOU xp1]tLCXTOe; -cwv TC6Ae:CU\l TCpOe;

239 I. DE Asso, 0.77:., a. 72-73.

240 P. GEORGE, 0.17:., cr. 292-294.

241 'Ayope<; repo<; TIJv ITu),>] T'ij<; B~yo<, n:po<; TIJ v£O< yecpupo< T'ij<; Le:yo(3lotc;, n:epo< an:o TO Mo<"So<vaps<;, yUpw an:o TIJ Pse.:A KOc<:O< VTe.: KocfLn:o, reov dxs OLO<fLoPcpwcrSt (, lPLAmn:o<; B'. BA. XUpLWe;, Simancas, Palronato Real, TOC n:WA>]TIJPLO< ap. 3142 ewe; 3168.

242 PIERRE IMBART DE LA TOUR, Les origines de fa Reforme, I, Melun 1948, cr. 218. 'Eow 8e.: xpStct<:6TotV va.. y[ve:t OtcXxptCIT[ &:va!:LEcrcx. <ITa. 7tpcx.YP.OCTtXCx. (3eATLw"C'LX& spya. xa! crrOlJ €;v yever. €7toJ;.xr.O"fJ.o vew'Y E:Ooccpw". 'H TOCa>] yto: TIJv XOCTeXxT»cr>J TIje; y'ije; E:xO>')AW8>jXS crTIJ rczA),[o< a.7tO TOC ~crct TOU 15°0 o<~wv:", oTCWe; xoct crTIJv ' AyyAL", (RENE GANDILHON, PoIitique econoInique de Louis XI, 1940, cr. 147) .. rLot T»V n:e:pwx:1J T'ijc; :Eot[3ototc; (3A. TO lireo OWTSPO X£pt (3t(3A[O TOU F. HAYWARD, lfistoire des ducs de Savoie, 1941, II, cr. 40, on:ou TOC tyySto[3sATLWTtXa Epya oev q_ou'J EVT07ttaTsL crWaTa.

243 E. LE Roy UUURIE, 0.17:., cr. 86 xctL 87.

82

XEPLONH:LOI: OPH, OPOIIE~IA KAI IIE~IA~E.L

-rijv uTCcx~Bpo.244 'ATCO TOt TEA"Y) -COU cx.i.wva -YJ &.vcc.?:1]'""1)(>1'] VECUV EOCXCPWV ytOt -rijv XCXAAtEpye:ta crT.x~Xe: o~[L6mcc. [LEpLtLVcc.. LTO [3~[3A[O TOU Theatre d'agriculture,245 0 Olivier de Serres EI;"y)Ye:'i: OtOt [Lc<xPW\I [LE: TCOLO Tp6TCO ETCEtL[3OCt\le:t XCX\le:i.e; crTt<; eAwoELe; EXTocae:t<;. "O[Lwe; -YJ TCP0crTC.xBe:tcx. cx.u...-i] EXTEAELTaL TtL'1tLCXTtX.x. "OTCOWe; TCCXpcc.xOAouB1]ae:L cxu-rij -rij\l ETCEtL[3CX07J cr-TI) oLapXEt.x '""1)e; EXTCA1]crm:TcxL yLOt TO\l &TCEPCX\lTO Xp6vo TCOU SEAOUV or: TCEOt.xOe:C; ytOt vOt «zp80uv cr"t"ov x6atLo». To e:pyo CXUTO oe:"II e:XEt OAOxA'1pwBEL &x6(.L"Y) TO\l 16° CXLWVCX, EvW ltXEt &'PXtcrEL TCp!'V a.TCO ex.aTovT.xoE<; x_p6- vtcx.. Kt cx.UTO i.crx_UEt ytOt OAe:C; Tr.e; TCEOt.xOe:e;: T'1j<; Moupx[cxc; aMOt xcxr. -c'Ije; BCXAEV-ca~cxe;, T'1je; AEPLOCX<; a.Ma xa;' T'1je; Lcxpcxy6acxe;, -c'Ijc; 'AvoaAouaLcc.c; a.AAOt xcxr. TOU l1.xoou, -c'Ije; campagna felice -c'Ije; N.xn:OA"Y)e; eXAAOt xal T'1j<; Conca d'Oro TOU TIcxAEP[LOU 11 -rijv n:EOt.xOCX T'1je; KCXT.xV"y)C;. K.xBe: YEVLOt OEVe:L -cov 0(30A6 '""1)e; YLOt VOt [3you\I Ot ne:ot.x~e:.:; e:1;w &.n-a TOt \lEP.x. "E\l1X omo TOt BETtXOt -c'Ij.:; Otcx.xu[3epvY)07J<; TOU &'\lTtJ3cx.atAEcc. I1EOPO \lTE: TOAEOO a-rij N.xTCOA"y) dVCXL OTt ExaVE E1;UYLCX\lTLXOt e:pycc. a-rijv Terra di lavoro XO\l-COt a-rij [LEyOCAou"ITOA"Y), (Le:Tcc./;U N6Acx.c;, 'AJ3Epac<e; xcx.r. 86:Acxaaae;, xar. -rij [LETETPEt.PE, oncue; AEEL Eva<; x.pOVtxoyp.xcpOC;, o-TIJv pii: sana terra del mondo, [LE: TOt XCX\l.xALcc. '""1)<;, TOUe; eXTpOTCELC; '""1)<;, -rij\l EUcpOp'1 xcc.r. &TCOcr"t"pcxyyta[LE\l'1 y'1j -nJe;.246

I1pWTEe; xcx.Totx-c'lj8"Y)xcx.v oE tLtXPE:C; TCe:OL.xOe:e;. or TCe:OtOCOE<; TaU TCCXp&x.TLOU OPELVOU oYXOU -c'Ijc; KaTaACUVLCXe; e:T.xcxv XCXTOCA1Jcp8e:'i: &TCO -rov &VBpWTCO xcx1. e:T.Xcx.v yr.VEt xOCAA~e:pyf]crL[LEC; 1)0"Y) eXTCO -CO\l TCPWTO Mcccdcovcc, LutLCPCUVC< tLE: -c-Yjv TCCXpOCOOO7J -Yj OL.xVot/;'1 TWV cequies eXV.xye:Ta.L o-TIJ J3CXcrLAEtCX TOU ' AA X<XX7J[L B'. TLTCO-CE OE:V &n:OOEL-

, " ,,_,.,. ...' n' , (.l. '[3 ., " e 1:" ~ - A'

XVUe:L o-ct OEV EtVcc.L TCcx."cx.tOTEpe:e;. cc.VTWe; TO t-'e: CXto ELVCXt OTt "Y) TCe:otcx.ua 't"1je; e:PL-

o cc.<; , TCOU &vax-c'ljB"Y)xE TO 1148, dXE 7)o"Y) &pxtaEt \la XCXMLEpydTCXt &pOE:U6[LEV"Y) a.n:0 TOt xcxv.xAtcx. TOU KAcx.[L6p, xcc.l OTt -Yj TOpT6crcx e:lXE XL au-c-Yj TO a.poe:uTtx6 -nJ<; cruaT"Y)[La. &TCO T-Y)v ETCOX-Y) TWV 'Ap.x[3cu\l, xcc.Bwe; ETCr.07JC; xa.r. on -Yj Kcx[Lcxp.xacx, OTCXV e:PXETcc.t -YJ <:>TLYfL-Y) va evcu8e:'i: [LEe -rijv xO[L'1Tdcx TIj<; BCXPXe:AWV"Y)C; TO 1060, e:Xe:t XL cxUT-Y) TOUC; [LLXpOUe; &pOEUTLXOUe; &ycuyoue; '""1)e;. or: X6tL'1TEC; -c'1je; Bcc.pXEAWV"Y)C;, xa.-cOt TO np6TUTCO TW\I MouaouA[L.x\lWV, dXcxv Otcx.voi1;e:!. Xt EXELVOt TO otxa TOUe; &pOEUTtxo mJ<:>'t"1'J[La aT-Y)v nEptoX7J yUpcu &.ne -rij\l TCOA"Y) xcc.r. cr-TI)\I TCe:~t.xOcc. TOU rto[3pEy.xT:

TO ne:pr.cp"Y)tLo recho-TIJ\I X0[L"y)Te:Lcc. -c'Ije; BCXpXEAW\l'1C; --CO rego mir. LTO\l x6[L"Y) Mir (945-966) OmOOtOETCX!. ETCt07Je; -YJ X<x-ra.crxEU-y) xcxr. Evoe; &AAOU XCX\lOCALOU &'TCO TO rLO[3PEyOtT aTo 8Ep[3e:yt6. Kcc.r. -YJ tLe:acc.tCUvtx-Y) cx.u-c-Yj xA'1PO\lo(Lta a-rij cr1J\lEXEtcc. Otcx.-nJp1]~XE xcx1. EtLTCAOU-ctcr"t""Y)XE xcuple; VOt OtCXXOTCe:i:.247

, ATCo Tie; '(OLEC; cp.xaEte; TCepcc.cre: xat -YJ TCEOLaocx -c'Ijc; Lcxpcxy6acxc;, [Le:y.xA"Y) ?:wv'1 &.no tierras de riego, &poEu6[Le:\lCX EO.xcp7J. 'R TCe:Ot.xOCX cxu-rij oumcx.cr"t"txOt e:T.XE ytVEL XCXAAte:pyf]attL'1, TCplv &.xofL'1 oE MouaouA[L&vot exotwxBouv aTCo -rijv TCOA"Y) (1118).

244 M"' , '""' T' '~.1. -, ,

, "'!n:wc; O<UT» osv s:tvo<t fL'O< a>]fLO<VTtX>] 0't'>] TOU mxovofLtXOU OpctfLO<TOe; T'ije; Ba.PXSAWV>]<;; 'H

O<aTtX>J T»e; Tae1;>] Ton:06e:Te:i: oAct T»C; TO: XP>JfLO<Tct crTIJ y'ij xq;l oev TOC OLctXtv8uvWe:L rete.: ae SotAacrme:c; e1l:tXE'p>JC1S'e;.

245 'H an:OaTpaYYLa>] XctTO: ((pieds de gelines)), OLIVIER DE SERRES, Pages ehoisies, 1942, 0'. 64. 246 "Vita di Pietro di Toledo», aTO Arehivio storieo italiano, IX, a. 21-22.

247 F. CARRERAS Y CANOl, Geografiageneralde Catafunya, BctPXSAWV>] 1913, C1. 471-472.

o POAOL TOY ITEPlf'YPOY

, AAAa xexl ~ETa -rl]v XexTa.Ay)tj;7j TYje; Ta EPYex (J1JVEX[crTYjxcxv. To MEya.AO KCXVa.At yta ncxpo:oEtY!-LCX OXdita.crTYJXE TO 1529, &pxtcrE va XCXTcxcrxEua.~eTCXt TO 1587 xcxl OAOxA-rJpw8y)XE TO 1772, crE !-Lta nEpLooo xcxTa -rl]v (mo[cx OAOxAY)Py) -Yj nEOtv-lj

, Apcxywv[cx, !-LE -rl]v w8Y)GYJ TIje; emcrTYj!-Lovtx'Yjc; &'YPOXCXAAd:PYEtCXC;, -rl]v errox-lj TaU ,6.tCXCPWTtcr~OU, Ct.vcxvewcrE XCXr. cru[.LrrA7jpwcrE TO &'POEUTtx6 TYjC; OLXTUO.248

To XCXAUTEPO mxpa.oEtY[.LCX yt' cxu-rl] -rl] crTCXOtCXX-lj XCXTa.XTYjGYj, WC; TO rrAeov e[.Lcpcxvec;, dvcxt T'Yjc; AO[.L(3cxpo[cxe;.249"Ae; ~EXa.crOU!-LE yta A£YO Ta tj;y)A6Te:pCX err[ne:ocx: &.no -rl] ~ta rrAEupa Tlc; "AAne:tC;, [.Le:ya.AEC; ne:Tpwoe:tC; !-La.<;;e:C; !-LE (3ocrX6Tonouc; Xcxr. oa.GYj, TIOV xAt!-LCXXWVOVTCXt &rro Ta 700 EWe, Ta 1.500 !-L. xcxl &YOVEC, &.no Ta 1.500 xcxr. na.vw· xcxr. &.no -rl]v &AAY) Ta ' Arcevvrv« rrov xcxTe:(3a<;;ouv cr-rl]v rre:otaocx 0P!-Ly)TtXOUc; Xe:tfLa.PpouC;, ot orroIo!. mxp<xcrUpouv &'[LeTpY)Te:c; xpoxaAEc, xcxr. xcxALxtcx [LE Ta cpoucrxW~EVCX ve:pa TOUC;, &'AAa OTCXV Ep8Et TO XCXAOXCXtpt ~e:pO:£VOVTCXt 11:CXVTe:AWC;, !-LE &.nOTeAecr~o: va unapxe:t EAAe:!.tj;y) VEPOU xcxl yta -rl]v &poe:uGYJ xcxr. yta -rl]v rroGYJ. rt' CXUTO xcxl Ta ' ArrEVVWO: rravw &'rro Ta 1.000 !-L. dvcxt TO row YU!-Lva orrwe; 0[ "AArre:te; navw &'rro Ta 2.000 !-L., xed TO XO:AOXo:£pt CEV Ot0:8ETOUV 1tIxpa !-LEptXEe; oLacrrro:pTe:c, eXTo:crEtC; XOpTCXpWU XCXTa.AAy)AOU YLa Tr.e; XCXTcr[Xe:e; xcxl Ta rrpo(3CXTO:.

, Ava~EcrC( crTa CUO cx1ha TdXy) (3p[crxe:To:t -Yj A0!-L(3cxpOtC(, EVC( crU!-LrrAEY[.LO: &'rro AocpOUe;, oporreOtc(, ne:ota.oe:e; xed rroTa.p..!.Ee; xOLAaoee;. Ot AOcpot dVCXL TO (3cxcr£Ae:tO T'Yje; gALaC" TOU &.[LnEAwu xcx1. ye:vtxa TWV e:crrrEptCOELCWV, yUpw &'rro Tie; !-LEyaAe:c, &'ArrtXSC; At!-LVEC;. « 'OpomtctC(» cr-rl]v XUPWAE';[CX urra.pxouv [.L0VO crTO Boppa.. TIpWTCX &.n' OAc( EVO: &vuopo oponeow, fLta rro:pcxAAy)AOYPC(!-LfLy) emcpaVEtO:, -Ij orro£o: rrpoe; N6TOv Opt~e:TC(t &'rro -rl] voY)-rl] YPCXfLfL7J rrou X<xpa.crcrETCXt &'rro TO BtXOAOUVYXO Ewe; TO Banpto erravw crTOV rroTC(fLo "AVTCX, xC(r. -Ij orroto: XO:AurrTETCXt &'rro &yOVEe; 8cx!-LVWoe:tC; EXTa.crEtC;, orrou XC(AAtEPYOUVTCXt fLouptec, . .2:-rl] cruVEXe:L<X eXTdvET<xt evcx XCXp..Y)AO apoEu6fLEVO oporrEOW 11:0U otcxypacpEt EVCX Tp£yWVO, -wu emotou 'lJ v6TtC( rrAe:upa ';EXtVa arro T-lj Mc(Tt:eVTO: Erra.vw crTOV rrOTCXp..O TtTcr£vo xed CPTa.Ve:t Ewe; TO Barrpw enavw crTov "AVTCX. 'Exd urrapxouv XcxAAtEpye:te:c; crtTCXpWU, fLouptac;, (3ocrx6- TonOL ...

. H nto €:votcxcpepoucrcx rrEpwx-lj cxuT'Yjc, T'Yje; rrEOtV'lje; AO[.L(3CXpOtx'Yje; xwpcxe; dV<Xt -Ij p..e:ya.AY) aAAou(3LCXV-Y) rrEOta.oo: avap..e:crcx cr' C(UTO TO apoEu6fLEVO oporrEOtO xC(r. TOUe; A6cpoue; nov rrpoC(vC(yyeAAouv Ta ' AnEvvwc(, CY)ACXo-lj TO (3CX8UTe:pO T[.L'YjfLC( T'Yjc; AEXa.VY)C;, xAC(crtx-lj ~WVY) yta opul:;:WVEe;, (3ocrx6Torrouc, xo:1. E';LcrOU crYJ~c(VTtXOUC; Te:XVy)TOUC; Ae:t!-LWvee;. "Ac, fL7J AY)crfLovoufLE OTt. EytVE rrpocrrra8EtC( va XCXTCXOEtx8d rrota ~Tc(V -YJ

248 '1o(wc; 1. DE Asso, o.rr., cr. 94 x.e.

249 TO: n:ocpoo<ch'w CIT1')p(1;;OVTOC' xup(wc; c:rTO cX!;w<nJ[Ldw'w &p6po 'OU S. PUGUESE, «Condizioni economiche e finanziarie della Lombardia nella prima meta del secolo XVIII}), c:rTO Misc. di st. it.; 3"] cre:,ptX, -r. XXXI, 1924, cr. 1-50S. I:.,C; n:pi;':""c; cre:A[Oe:C; .ou ex.oC; &n:o [L,2:t XO'.A7] ye:wypO'.qnx:1j n:e:p,ypoc<P7] TIjc; AOf.li3Gtpo[OCC; n:Gtptx_e:, 7toMec; 7tA"]pO<pOPLe:C; y,2:t .0\1 16° O'.[wvGt.

XEPLONHLOI: OPH, OPOITE.6.IA KAI ITEtl..IA.6.EL

, LUfLrp<u~ct ,fLi: 1;bv CH,AR~ ~INGER" His,?ry, or. T:chn%gy, 1957, T. III. 'H 8«,,,rrt>(T» 1tepLox:iJ 8'1Awve, TOU~ AOCPauC; x.cx.t. TU;; 1Tcx.ye:Tl.xeC; ct1tOSeaEt«; XGtTW CX7tO T~'; AATte:te:;~

ye:VtX7J XtvY)GYJ TWV T~p..WV crTO MtAa.VO, TOV 16° cxiwvC(, fLs (3a.ITYj "de; TLfLEe; rrwA7jcrEwe; T'Yj~ XOPTOVOfL'YjC,.250

<H nEO~aOCX C(u-rl] urrEcrTYJ OAOcrx_EP7J fLETCXOXy)fLaTtcrfLo a11:0 TOUe; &v8pwnouc;. 'IcrorrEowcrC(v Tr.e; cpUcrtxEe; rrpoe:~oxe~, e~cxcpa.VtcrC(v Ta eAy), XFy)crLfLorro[y)crC(v fLE EUcput<x.-a vepa rrou XCXTE(3C(l:;:CXV o[ rroTcxfLO~ &rro TOUe; rrayETWvEt; TWV "A)..rrEwv. Au~

250 A. FANFANI, "La rivoluzione dei prezzi a Milano nel XVI e XVII secolo», eYro Giornale deg1i economisti, 'IoUAtoc; 1932.

85

o POAOL: TOY TIEPIryPOy

-ij E:!;"f)~EPWo-YJ TWV UOcX.TWV &pXmE -rUpw aT~ 1138 TO o:py6TEpO ~E T~ itpyo: TWV {3EVEOLXTLVWV251 Xo:l. XLO"TEPXLO:VWV ~OVo:XWV, n:OU sIXO:v E:YXO:To:aTo:ElEL aTO ' A{3o:ei:o -rijc; KLo:po:(3cX.AAE. To 1179 &pXmo:v T~ itpyo: TOU Naviglio Grande, T~ (moIo: 01..0- xA"f)pw8"f)xo:v TO 1257 o:n:o TOV podeets Mn:EVO Txo-rcovrlvr. ''ETcrL T~ VEP~ TOU TLTcrLvo oOTrrf{J"f)xo:v O"TO MLAcX.vo ~EcrW evoc; TEX""f)TOU n:OTO:~OU, ~-ljxouc; crxEOOV 50 XLALO~eTpwv, n:ou n:poopLl::6TO:V xo:l. YL~ T"1Jv &pOEUO""f) xo:l. yL~ T"1J vo:uamAoto:. llpl.v 0:7':0 TO 1300 dXE Y£VEL -ij EXTpOrrY) TWV ve:pWV TaU n:OTcx.~OU 2:eC:;Lcx. crT"1J roggia M11:cX.crxo:. ' Apy6TEPO: o:uTij Tij OLWPUYO: El~ -rl-jv «O:CPo:tf-lcX.!;OUV» YL~ V~ O"f)~LOUpy-ljcrouv Tl.e; roggie MmpcX.yxo:, Mn:OAyxcX.po: x0:1 &AAe:e;, n:ou 8~ x.p"f)m~Eucrouv YL~ T"1JV &poe:uo-YJ TOU N o(3o:peC:;E xo:1. -rijc; AO~EAALvo:. To 1456 0 Il>pO:yxLcrxoe; 2:cp6pTcro: 8~ OtO:VOL!;EL TO xo:vcX.AL -rije; MO:PTEl::cX.Vcx., ~-ljXOUc; 11:cX.VW o:n:o 30 XLAL6~ETpo:, xo:1. itTm 8~ cpepEL o-ro MLAcX.VO T~ VEP~ TOU "AVTcx.. To XO:VcX.AL O:UTO EYLVE n:AwTO ~E T"1J Oto:n:AcX.TUvcr-lj TOU n:ou n:pO:Y~O:TOn:OL-lj8"f)XE TO 1573. ~Eoo~evou OTt {;, Aouoo{3£xoe; ~cp6pTcro: TO dXE -Yj0"f) auVOEcrEL f-lE TO Naviglio Grande, TO 1573 &pXLcro:V v~ auYXOLvcovoiiv ~ETO:!.;U TOUe; OL 01.50 ~EycX.AEe; AO~(3o:pOLXEe; AL~VEe;, -1j At~V"I') TOU K6f-l0 x0:1 ~ ALf-lV"f) MO:Tl::OPE, crT"1Jv LOLO: T"1Jv XO:pOL~ TOU XpcX.TOU<;.252 To MLAcX.vo EYLVE EVo:e; o-YJ~O:VTLxo<; UOcX.TLVOe; c:ruYXOLVWVLO:XOe; x6~(30e;, f-lE o:n:oTeAEcr~ v~ n:o:po:AO:f-l(3cX.VEL f-lE E:AcX.XLaTO: e1;ooo: TO mT&.pL, TOV crLO"f)PO xo:1. XUpLWe; -riJv i;UAdo: xo:1. v~ aTEAvEL n:poe; T"1Jv XO:TEuElUVo-YJ TOU llcX.oou x0:1 rije; <DEppcX.po:e; T<X oyxWO"l') XO:V6VLO: n:ou XO:TO:crxEUO:C:;E, O:VTLcrTcx.Elf-lLt;;oVTo:e; ~' O:UTO TOV Tp6n:0 TO (3o:mx6 TOU ~ELOVEXT"fjf-lO:, OTL 7jTO:V f-lt~ 11:61.."1') TpLYUPLcrf-lEV"f) o:n:o yYj.253

01. E:VOd!;Ete; O:UTEe;, oi (mOLEe; wcrT6ao OEV o:cpopouv n:o:p<x TOUe; UOcX.TLVOUe; opo~Oue;, odxvouv n:oao o:pyYj xo:1. aTcx.oLO:x'i] UrrYjpl;E -ij Xcx.TcX.xT"fjo-YJ -rij<; yYj<;. K&.eE crT&'oL6 T"fj<; ~cX.ALaTO: cr.VTLcrTOLXEL ~v e:yxO:TcX.crTO:o-YJ evoe; VEOU crTPW!1-O:TOC; o:vElpwn:wv, itTm WcrTE 01. Tpet:<; AO!1-(3o:pOLEe; n:ou n:POExuI.J!o:V, TOn:OEle:T"fj!1-EVEC; -1j f-l[0: 11:cX.vw aT"1Jv <X.AA"f), v~ cr.VTLn:POcrWn:e:uouv Tp£O: OLcx.CPOPETLX<X XQLVWVLX<X crTpW~O:TO:. 'R "Avw AO!1-{3O:POLO:, n:EPLOX'i] ope: LV-lj, 1tOLf-le:VLX-lj, cpTcX.VOVTO:C; 11:pOe; Bopp<x f-lEXPL T"1J t;;wv"f) TWV brughiere, dVO:L ~L~ n:e:ptox'i] f-lLXpO·LOLOXT"fjTWV O:YPOTWV, CPTWXWV &.AA~ EAEUEle:pwv, n:ou E11:L~EVOUV v~ T<X n:o:pciyouv OAO: crT"1J Otx-lj TOUe; yYj, o:x6!1-"f) xo:1. TO xooco xpo:al n:ou (3ycX.t;;ouv T~ OCf-ln:EALO: TOUC;. llto XcX.TW, aTo cr.pOe:U6~EVO T~!Jj!1-cx. -rije; cr.VcX.VTOUe; 11:EPLOX'ij<; -rijc; n:EOLcX.Oo:C;, t;;wV"f)e; TI:"fJYwv (TWV Ioatsnili ) xo:1. ~EycX.AWV {30- crxOTOn:WV, ocpx£t;;ouv ol yO:WXT"fjcrLEe; T(;)V e:UYEVWV xcx.1. TWV ExxA"f)crtO:O"TtXWV ocpx6vTWV. AUTEC; 01. n:e:pLOXEe;, 01. On:O"i:EC; oev (3p[crxOVTO:L ocx6~"f) O"TO XO:!-L"f)A6TEPO E7':[11:EOO -rijc; n:EOLcX.Oo:<;, dVO:L -ij C:wv"I') TWV n:UPywv, -Yj yYj TWV E:1t[~OpTWV aypoTwv, -Yj yYj ~E T~ !-LtXP~ ~OVo:crTf]PLO: xo:~evo: ~Ecro: crT~ I.J!"I')A6xop~o: OEVTPO:. 2:TO n:LO xcx.!-L"f)Ao E11:[n:EOO EXTdvoVTo:t 01 OpUC:WVEC; TWV Xo:1tLTO:ALcrTwv,254 TWV 01tOtWV or. E11:O:VO:crTO:Tt-

251 E. LUCCHESI, [ Monsci benedettini valIomhrosiani in Lomberdis, <l>AwpE'l"dc< 1938. 252 S. PUGLIESE, o.IT., cr. 25-27.

253 G. de Silva 11:pOe; A.M., 17 'A7tpt:ALou 1573, Sirnancas EO 1332.

254 '0 A. SCHULTE, o.IT., 1,252, xeXve:t TIj axe<¥"I) o"n 7j pul;;oxct:AAr.€:pye:,c< da1jX&t] ~ AOfLf3c<p/)LC< cmo TIjv 'IIT11:C<v[c< TCP'V 0:11:0 TO 1475. 'E1;ctywy7) pul;;tou TCpO<; TIj ['epfLlXVtc< ':y,ve y,a. 11:PWTY) <popa. 0:11:0 ,ov

86

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AUTO c:ru!-L(3o:fVE~ axEOOV ~e OAEe; Tlc; xO:AALEPYE~e:c; rije; n:EOLcX.Oo:c;. AUTol oi TOn:OL n:ou OOUAEUOVTo:t EUXOAO:, 07':OU T~ o:uAcX.xto: -rijc; &poO""f)C; npoxwpouv crE e:uEle:£o:

YPO:fL!-L-lj, e:IVO:L xO:TcX.XA"I')Aot YLa T"1Jv To:xn~ x.p-lj0""f) TWV (3oo~wv xo:l TWV {30Uf3o:ALWV, cx.\hwv TWV C:wwv 1tOU xp"f)m~on:oLOuVTO wc; !-L"f)XO:v~x~ ~EO"o:. M6vo XO:T~ TO EletJ~cr!-LO xo:1. TOV TPUYO XO:TO:CPEUYOUV crT"1JV EPYO:cr[o: TWV 0PEcr£{3LWV ~!-Le:po~fcrEl~wv XO:AALetJytjTWV. AUTO;' OOUAEUOUV ~EpLxec; e(3oo!-LcX.OEe; xo:1. XO:T011:W yup£<;;ouv n:LcrW crT<X crntno: TOU<;. EIvO:L OL n:PO:y~O:TLX01. 1tPOAETcX.PLot rij<; uno:£epou. ' AAA<X crT"1Jv l.'OLO:

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'R' , " - 1547256 ' , r A ~"

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o] ocyp6TEC; OEv XO:TEtXO:V OUTE TO 3% -rijc; EUCPOp"f)C; n:EO~V'ijC; xwpo:c;, EVW crT"1Jv cr.YPOTLX-1) 1.0~oxT"fjcr£0: cr.v1jxe: TO ~EYo:AUTEpO T!-L-YJ!-LO: rijc; cpTWx-Yje; yYjC; crT<X OPEWa:. T£noTE oev ~LACi mo x0:80:p~ YLa T'i] !-LOtpo: TWV o:vBpwn:wv -rijc; n:EOta:OO:C; cr.n:0 TOUe; cr.p~El!-LOUC; -rijc; AO!-L(3o:pofo:e;. ZW\lTO:C; cre: &eALe:C; auv8'ijxe:e; uydo:e; xo:1. UYtE~v-7je; 0 ocyp6T"fjC; EOW 1)TO:V Un:OXPEW!-LEVOC; va <;;e:"i: !-Le EAcX.:x..~crTO: f-lEao:. EIXE xupfouc; x0:1 O,T~ 7':o:p'ljYE 11:-ljYO:LVe: crToue; xup£OUC; TOU. Tlc; n:EptcrcrOTe:pE<; qJOpEC; vEocpep!-LEvo<;, &vElpw-

Balthasar Irmi 3011:0 TI) BIXIT<AeLd.. [',a. TIjv dcrc<ywylJ .0U pu1;;tou Ocno TOV AOU/)O[3LXO IB', MARCO FORMENTINI, [1 ducato di Milano, M'AcXVQ 1876, II, cr. 600 x.E:. [',a "TO 11:po[3A'1fLlX ye:v,xeX, S. PUGliESE, 0." .. , cr. 35.

255 MAURICE P ALEOLOGUE, Un grand resliste, Cavour, 1926, cr. 21. [',a. TO !-,-e:y<iAo IXU"TO Bt ..... C< TWV aypoXtXM!.e:pY1JTWV 1tOU OttaTpaTEUO:V -rCOCTtXa Ot ne8~cXae:~, (3)... "t'O 7tlXp~oe:tYf1.a 1t'OU 8L'VEt. b GEORGES L& FEBVRE (La Grande Peur de 1789, 1957, cr. 17) y,a. ,0 KeX,w AIXvyxevt"OX, ,0 011:0;:0 TIjv e11:0X7] -rije; rC<AA'X'lj<; 'E11:c<veXcrTctIT"'Je; TCpo!-'-"IBw6,c<v "TOUe; epy,he:e; "TOU OC11:O.a. K<'u<; Xctt.o Muiipo "Opec. vAAAO 11:C<P6:/)e:'YfLC< 11:0U <pC<'Ve:TIX, 0" tcrx_Ue:, Y"" TOV 17° ct<WVC< eLvc<, -rije; @pax"l)e;, 11:0U ':<pe:pve ,ou<; epy6:Te:e; TY)e; 3011:0 TIJv "Avco BOUAYC<PLC< (RERBERTWILHELMY, Hochhulgarien, Kte:AO 1935, cr. 235). 'R @ecrcrctALC< (-rije; C)11:o[cte; yvwpL1;;oUfl£ Tte; dcrctywye:e; Oc11:0 TO BOAO) e:<pe:pve: TOUI; /)owu<; TY)e; &11:0 TIj MtIT"'J 'EAA6:/)ct, /)"IA. TIjv 'A.nx7] (VAUDONCOURT, Memoirs on the Ionian Islands, 1816, cr. 215). r,a. Ta./)UO C<,','oc !3ctAxC<v,xoc 11:C<pC<(»eLy ..... C<,C<, R. BUSCH-ZANTNER, o.IT., cr. 94.

256 S. PUGLIESE, 0. IT ••


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T7jv O[LiXA1j TOUe:; AElTOUPyLiX. <PEAA.:X.XOl XiXAAle:pyOUcriXV T7jv Tte:Ot':x'OiX -Dje; AeptOiXe:; TOV 16° iXLWViX' cpe:AA&'XOl XiXAAte:pyouaiXv T-YJV rioja TOU ''E[3pou' <pe:AA':x'XOUe:; [3PLaxOU[LE a-TIj BiXAEVTcrtiX, <JTYj MOUPXLiX XiX!. <JTYj rpiXV':x'OiX· CPEM<XXOUe:; 7j X~UTe:piX MiXUPLTiXVOUe:;, TOUe:; OTIOLOUe:; ot "I[3'lJpe:e:; .xcpEVTe:e; aYiXTrOucriXv XiXl. n:POGTcXTe:UiXV, on:we; Ta.. 1:;:wvTiXV.:X., [LE TOV row TPOTtO TtOU 6a.. npocrTiXTEuoUV TOUe:; OOUAOue:; TOUe:; ot .xcpeVTEe:; aTOV NEo K6a[Lo.

'H Tte:Ot':x'OiX .xV1jXe:l aToue:; e:UYEVe:!:e;.258 ITPEn:e:t va.. XiXTE[3e:i: xiXvde:; aTI.e:; TIOp-ToYcx-

257 P. GEORGE, 0.77:., a. 354.

258 L:-rouc; EUyS'VETC;, x.ed &:x0!-L"1J nEpl.O'aOTSpo G-rf) tJ-ey&.A"'1J r..8r.oX'"tl'Jcria, ScrTW xed OC'V -YJ 1tEOL6:0a. 3E:)I~XEr. ,moan:, {3EAnWnXOt epyo:. AUTo ["XUEt OXEOOV xo:, crT1.<; fLEpS<; fL<X<; (R. PFAlZ, 5.77:., crTO Geogr. Zeitschr., 1931, a. 134): Ttpl." amo TOt npOo-<p""T'" EyyE:LOi3E:ATLW'nXOt epy<x -0-0 38% -oj<; y1j<; e>TIJv Campagna c\:v7jxa:v aE TEGaSpt<; fLEYcx.AOya:LOXT1jfLovsC;. ' AVT[6ETO: «ol oPStVEC; 11:eptoXE:<; YEVLXOt avYjxo:v crTIJ fLtXP-1j IOwx"D)a[CI.)) (cr"n, row). 'H iiTto<y>') TOU J. SION, France mediterraneenne, 1934, a. 143 sIVO:L

88

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AtXEe:; veigas y"a.. va.. (3pd T1e; xa:TmxLe:e:; TWV Fidalgos, Ta.. solsres [LE: Ta.. Te:paaTLCX otxoCDJ[L& TOUe:;.259 'H [Le:y.:X.A"1) XiX~ XCX[Ll]A-YJ -rre:Ot':x'ocx -Dje:; Mcxpe[L[LiXe:; T"Yjc; LlEviXe:;;, TO XCXTe:';OXYJV (3a:crlAe:W TOU TIUpe:TOU, on:we:; xcxl -ij ye:tTovtx1j Tt)e:; TOaxcxVtX7J MCXPE[L[LCX, dViXl <rn:iXP[LEV"1) [LE TtlJPyoue:; EUye:VWV. 01. .xViXX_POVtaTtXEe:; TOUe:; mAOl)ETe:e:;; [LS TOUe:; .xxpOTtUpyoue:; avcxxcxAOUV [Lta.. OA6xA"1)P"1) XOlVWVLCX, -TIj [3CXpla.. -rriXpOUcrLiX -r;WV e:uye:VWV YCXWXTt)!J.OVWV TtOU El;oucrliX1:;:a:V TOV TOTtO xwple; va.. 1:;:ouv EXe:i:, ytaTl 01. rrupyot iXUTOI. 1jTCXV XCXcmXLSe; rrpom.optv"Yjc; Ol<X[LOV"Yje;. O[ &.cpEVTEe; 1:;:oualXv x<xca.. xocv6vcx a-TIj LlEVOC. 'EXEi: dxcxv EUpUx_CU:pe:e:; XOCTOtXLe:e:; rrou crw1:;:ovTal we:; TI.<; [LEpe:e:; fLiXe:;, Ta.. YVWcrTa.. [Ltycxpa, OTtOU ot EpCXcrTEe:; TtOU n:e:PlypcX<pe:t 0 MrrCXVTEAAO xaT<xcptpvouv va.. [LTtOUV [LE -T-Yjv TtiXTpOn:CXpcXooTt) auve:VOXYJ TWV UTI:"1)pe:TPlWV e:he: .xn:O Tle:; ax&'AEe:; TtOU OO'lJyouv <JTYjv e:upuXWP'lJ aocpLTiX, on:ou e:IViXl .xTt081]xe:u[Ltvcx Ta.. aiXXla.. TO .xAe:Upt, lOtTe: .xTrO TOUe; OtiXop6[Loue:; nou OO"1)youv GT~C; rr':x'vTiX x<xn:wc; EyxaTcxAEt[L!J.EVe:C; cxr8oucre:e; TOU tcroye:£OU.260 ITapiXXoAou6wVTiXe:; TOUe:;; [LTtOpOUfl-E va.. !J.TtOU!J.e: cr-T-Yj 1;;w7J TWV n:CXAtWV otxoye:ve:tWV XCXI. va.. 1;;1jaou[LE TI.e:; XW[LWOLe:e:; xal Tle:; TPIXYWOLEC; TOUe:;, -Y) XCXT<XA"1)I;'lJ TWV On:OlWV auv1j8w<; 00l]YEL crTO [LucrTtXO TOU n:iXAWU n:Upyou -Dje:; MCXpE[L[LCXe;, [LCXXpta.. .xno T-YJV n6Al] xal. Ta.. XOUTcr0[LTtOAl':x' T"1)e:;, [LiXXPla .xTtO otxoye:ve:tcxxoue:; EAEyxOUe;. 01. n:UpyOl CXUTOr. e:Ivcxt TO XCXAUTe:pO axl]VtXO YLa.. vix. EXTe:Ae:crTe:L, [LEcrcx cr-T-Yjv &'TIo[L6vwCDJ TrOU npoE,e:'Jouv 6 TtUpe:TOe:; xcxl -Y) &.vun:6<poPYl t;;eaTt), -Y) &ntO"T'l) 7j -Y) UTIOTtTt) crut;;uyoe:; aU[Lcpwva: [LE Ta.. TOTe: -1]8"1) -nje:; 'hcxALae:;. 'H xAtfLiXTOAoytX-YJ E~1jY"1JCDJ 8a.. e:uxcxptaTouae: 71:0Au TOV Barres. ~Ev n:PETte:t wO"T6ao va.. ';e:xvCi[Le: XCXI. ~v XOlVWVtX7J auve:voX_7J rrou E';iXmpcXAt?:e: GTO oOAocp6vo, TtOU E!.;OUcrlCX?:e: TOV XcXfLTtO, T7JV .xTt[LWp"1)crla, 8a.. [Ln:OpOUcrE va Tte:L xiXvde;. 'H ne:otcXocx Y;TOI:V AotnOV CPEOl)OO TWV n:AoUcrlWV;

((L-TIjv Tte:OtcXo<x», YP<XCPEl 0 Robert Montagne261 .xvacpoplxa.. [LE TO LOUe; TOU Mcxp6xou cr-Y)[Le:pcx, «-Y) an6aTcxO""1) aV<X[Le:crcx crTOUe:; TtAoucrwUe:; xcxl. aToue:; cpTWXOUe:; iXU~.:X.Ve:L [LE yp1jyopo pu8[LO. 01. n:PWTOl e:tVCXl ol l.OtOXT'ijTe:<; TWV .xypwv nov XcxAAle:pyOUV OL OEUTe:POt. Ta.. .xpoe:u6[Le:va XWpcXcptiX n:iXPcXYOUV O"1)[Ll]TplcxXa, AcxXiXVtXa.. XiX!. CPPOUciX d .xcp80VlCX. To AcXOl T"Yje:;; EAtCie:; xal -Dje; .xPyCXVLiX<; dViXl [Lta.. &AA"1) TI:"1)y7J n:AOUTOU, xcx!. Ta.. n:PO'r:6VTCX OI:UTa.. [Le:TacpepovTiXl [LEcriX as xwumcx EWe:; Tr.e:; TtOAe:L<; TOU BoppCi. To ye:yovoe:; OTt 01. .xyOpEe:; [3PLaxQVTcxt crs [LtXP-YJ .xn6GTcxO""1) Ole:UXOAUve:t -TIjv

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259 P. DESCAMPS, Le Portugal. La vie sociale actuelle, TIa:pLm 1935, cr. 14. KOVTOt c:rTIj BtEtpa:, crTO MLVto, '<TO i3ouvo eIva:t O>]fLoxPO:TLx6· 11:to X6cTW, xo:1. a-D] BtELpOL &x6fL>], u11:6cPxou\I 01 n:a.Ao:wl e:Uye:VE;:<; !idalgos. 'Y 11:&'pXOU\I &xafLIX solares aTI; BtEtpo: xo:, aE: fLEpLXE:<; Ev0pLE<;».

260 M. BANDELLO, 0.77:., I, vou{3.tAo: 12.

261 "o.rr., a. 48.

89


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262 J. Cvufc, o.rr., cr. 172. {"Ix. -r:ov [3ouAyocpo ayp6TIj, TI]\1 ZpYOCcrLoc -r:ou, TI] crx_e:-r:O(1x. XOCA-Y) 8'OC[3LWcr-1j -r:ou TO\l 15° ociwvo:, T& !;UAL\lOC lipo-r:poc n:ot.. ecre:pvocv nLcrw TOU<; 1:;e:uy&pLOC [360,oc Y) [3ou[3&A,oc, [3A. IVAN SAKAZOV, BuIgarische Wirtschaftsgeschichte, Be:POA[vo-A,,!Aoc 1929, cr. 197: 0 ocyp6TIJ<; TWV n:e:OL&llwv, noAt.. n:e:p,crcr6-r:e:po an:' D,n /:, !3ouvLcrW<; >i /:, acrT6.;, fl-EVe:L n:pocrxOAA1')fl-EVOC; cr-r:1x. ye:WYPOCcpLXOC TOU n:AocLm,,-. {'Lix. ,0 OeATOC -r:ou NdAOU, J. LOZACH, 0.7L, cr. 38. 'Ep-1Jfl.w<J1') TOU oDm1. TO\l 16° ociw\loc, UTO [ow, cr. 50.

263 Pvrenees mediterrnneermes, cr. 245. BA. &-v&Aoyo CPOCtVOfLe:VO xcd crTI]\1 KO:fl-b.py>< fl.E: Tix. fLsy&A", XT1j~OCTa: not.. XOCT~Xe:t Exe:;: np'" an:o TI]v 'E1tocvoccr-r:a<J1') TO T c.:Yfl."- TW\I • In:n:oTWV TIjc; M&ATOCC;, J J. EsTRANGIN, Etudes srcheologiques, historiques et stetistiques sur Aries, 1838, cr. 307.

264 F. BENOIT, Ii.rr., cr. 26.

265 PIERRE VIUR, a.rr., I, cr. 575 ><,E:.

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274 L; TO l'8w, 23. 275 IrQ ww, 31.

276 BA. TCCl..pct.11:cX\lW, cr. 91.

277 DOME!''<ICO SELLA, Commerci e industria a Venezia nel seco XVII, 1961, cr. 87 X.E. 278 r,", '1;'0 E,jpU ct.t)co rrp6{3A1')[Lct., '1;'0 11:['w'1;'011:6['0 {3L{3AtO '1;'OU DANIELE BELTRAMI, 6.rc.

94

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279 • AXOAOu6'l')cre< TY) oUvo<¥'l') '1;'OU M. SORRE, Les Iondements biologiques de la geographie humaine, cr. 397 x'E. 2:' Cl..uTY)\1 11:flocr6,hou[LE C. DE CUPIS, Le vicende dell'agricoltura e della pastorizia nel agro romano e l'Annona di Roma, PW[L'l') 1911, PFAlZ, D.rc., cr. 133-134 xcd Xup[w<; JEAN DEWMEAU, O.rc., II, cr. 521 x.e:.

280 Vita di Benvenuto Cellini da lui medesimo, yct..AA. fL't''Pp., IICl..p[m 1922, II, cr. 240-246.

95

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1t<xpouaLx crT-y] PWfL'lJ [x<Xvou ap~etJ-ou l;WEfL1t6pwv, avafLEcr<x crToue; 01t0[oue; urrYjpX<XV x<xI. xOpcrlX<XVOl. tJ-ET<xvacrTc:e; ... 281 'En[(J'lje; E:1;<X~'d<xe; TOU &VT<XyWV~crtJ-OU TOU I;E:VOU crlT<XPWU -YJ aypOX<XAAlE:pYEl<X U1t0XWpoucrc: cruVc:xWe;. Tov 18° <XLWV<X -YJ X<XTacrT<X(J'lj oa. sIv<x~ &x.6fL'lJ Xc:~p6TEP'lJ. '0 1:a.pA VTE M1tpae; &cp'lJcrE fJ.la. OAlf3C:p-1] 1tEfn-: yp<XCp-1] Yla. T-1]V tl;<xOALW(J'lj -rije; 1tEOlao<xe;, y"a. T-Y)V atJ-E:AEl<X TWV xup[wv T'l)e; x<xl. yta. TOUe; 1tUpC:TOUe; 1tOU T-Yjv acpav t?:: o», 282 «2:Tl.e; aPXEe; TOU 19°U <XLWV<X 0 Agro Romano Ba. [3p[c;x.C:T<Xl ~ Xc:tp6TEp'lJ xO<:TacrT<X(J'lj 1tOO UrrYjpl;E nOTE:.»283

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2:uv1jOwe; -YJ EI;EAl1;1) TWV 1tEO~aOWv o€:v Ucp[crT<XT<XL T6crc:e; 1tOAAEe; ot<xxutJ-avcrEle;. "H fL1j1tWe; fLiie; O'lJfLWUpYElT<Xt <XUT-y] -YJ EVTU1tWcr7J E1tE:L/>-f] OEV ~XOUfLE E1t<xpxEi:e; yvwcrEte; yt' <XUTEe;; ilavTwe;, a1to T-Yj pWfL<x'tx-Yj E1tOX-Y) Ewe; c;1jfLC:P<X, (J'ljfLElW61)x<xv (J'ljtJ-cxvnxEe; tV<XAA<XyEe; cr~v X<XAAlEpyEt<X xo<:l. crT-Y]V xcxTaxT'l)cr7J -rije; ne; crT-Yjv KaTw Tuv'lJcr[cx, 01tOU ~X.OUfLE a1toodI;Ele; aXfL'tje; X<XTa. T-Yjv apxcxl6T1')TCX. To row tJ-1tOpOUfLE va. 1tOUfLE xat yta. T-Yjv KCXTW 2:up[<x X<xl. T-Yj M<XXEOOVL<X, -YJ 01t0[<x sIXE fLdvEl vc:xp-f] E1tl. <XLWVEe; xat fLc:Ta. OUc;x.OALCXe; avcxf3[wcrE TO 1922, '1J yta. T-Yjv KO<:fLapyx, noo -YJ EI;EA~I;1j T1)e; fLiie; acp1jvEl cruvExwe; b:xnA1)xTOUe;.

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281 C. TRASSELLI~ «Not.iaie ecorrorniche sui Corsi in Roma (secolo XVI)}), c:Yt"o Archivio storieo di Corsica, X, 'OXT.-6.<oX. 1934, cr. 576 x.E.

282 Lettres d'Itslie, o.;r" I, cr. 312-313. r,it. TO" aXGtTa£Xl'JTa PWfJ.Gt'tXO xafJ.11:a: ,,2:Tlc; fJ.EpEe; [Lae; EPXO",a, XGtT2< apa,,,, xpa",xit. o,acrr~fJ.aTa oi XLUp,xal aTIO T2< Opl'J TIje; 2: c<{3["Gte; xGtl Tit. ' AfJ.11:pauTcr, xal CITCEPVOUV !-,-sptxa TY:1JtL(x'TCX "TOU x&!-lITou' EITE!..TCX ~cx.vC(yup(C:ouv crTCt !J..Epl') TOUe:; wL; ~ GU)"X-O!-Lr.S';P)· -H k1;,-ijytlr:5l'J ,ou Pr. de Brosses y,it. T2< arc",,: rtje; E:Aa,TWGl']<; Tau 11:A'Y)8ucrfJ.0U xGtl XUpLWe; y,it. TIjv Eu8uv'Y) ,au LEi;,Tou E' O:11:Gt"s, fLEpLXE:e; owp8wcrELe;. '0 Pastor 8EWPE' A"' Gthw TIje; ei;,c<pGl']<; TIj<; EAa"acrLGt<; "iTav'1j 0:11:0<jJ[AWGl'] TIje; 11:EpLOXiie;: <> ccywvGte; XGtTit. T(;}" A'Y)crT"'\I TIjv E11:0X~ ,ou 2:i:i;,Tau E' ="'cr-cGtTO TEAtXCX o ro cruCJ'T"1)!1-ct7txO )(a~r.fLo -rwv 8ct!LvOTo7tWV, TIOD eXEi:vor. E1xClv yr.& A'Yj!J.Epr. TOUC;.

283 M. SORRE, o.;r., cr. 398.

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285 E. F, GAUT[ER, Censeric, roi des Vandales, TIGtp[m 1932, cr. 109.

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287 G. BOTERO, a.Jr., a. 8.

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289 BA. Tno xaTW, T. B', fLEpOe; ,sbh"po, XE<.p. III, "O[ rrpwTEe; Xp[GELC;, TO GLTapL TaU BoppCi GTiJ ALGGa~OVct xal TIj LE~[AA"1))). • , , 290 LTOV [GTOpLXO 'f'a.xEAO -rije; £rroXLx'ije; fLETClX[V"1)G"YJC; TWV (3o",-<W\I npEnEL VOC Ton06ET"Y)aoufLE XctL Ta EYYpCl'f'Cl G"..{ETLXOC [LE TOUe; (3oaxoT071:0Ue; TWV 'f'UAClX[WV T'ije; Toaxav"1)e; (Sirn. Secretarias Provincia,les de Napoles, legajo n" 1,25 'IClvouClp[ou 1566,20 cl>E(3pOUClp[OU 1566,5 MClpT[OU 1566, 15 MClp-nOU 1566). 'En[G"YJe; E:mGTOA~ TOU OOUXCl VTE "AAxe<.Aa n:poe; TOV np[yxmCl -rije; cl>AwpEVT[Cle; (OtVT[YpClCPO, Sirnancas 1055 f" 37) xal TiJv Ot7tavT"1JG"YJ TOU n:p[YXL7tCl (OTO fow, fO 66), GXETLXOC fLE TOUe; cpopoue; j[o'] ET.XCt..\J' E:7n(3ciAzL Ot Toerxcevoi E1t"L TWV tLe-rc(}(L'VOU~Z\lW\l X01tcx:Of.W\I 7tOU n:Y;yct..t.va:v ~v ci:XTlJ'T:W'J q>UAax[W\I. "E\l1X iiJ'{pCLq>O GE h·e<.ALKl] YAwO'aCl, axpOVOAOY"'lTO, OtnEu6u\lOfLEVO npoe; TOV ¢[AL7t7tO B' (m8CLVOTaTa TOU io[ou "TOUe;, 1566) xavE' AOYO y,a TiJv EA1;"1) nou OtaxouaClv aroue; 10Lox-rijTEc; TWV X071:CLO'WV o[ (30axOTOTCOL -rije; TCClpClALax'ije; l;.:aT'ije; C;:WV"1)e; TWV 'f'UAClX[WV. '0 cpopoe; XClTOC TIjv E1;ooo 71:pOe; TOUe; ~Ocn<OTOITOUe; TWV q>uAax[wv, 7>:OU dXCl\l e:71:'(3&AEL o[ ToaxCLvo[, -YjTa\l 10 A[pEe; &va 100 XE<P<XA'Cll;wCl di pecore, capre et sltro bestieme (Sirnancas, EO 1446, fO 45). rLix ~v evOLxtctG"YJ Cl;.nWV TWV ~Ocn<OT07tW\l, np(3. 24 Auyouarou 1587. A.d.5. NanoA",), Sornmaria, fasc, 227. r,oc TOV TEp&GnO POAO 7>:OU E7tCLLC;:E TO aduanero -rije; cl>6,C;:Lct YLa ~v E:n:OXLX~ fLETClX[""')G"YJ TW" (3oaxwv, (3A. B.N. II Clp[aL, Esp. 127, fO 61 Xa.L 61 v (yUpw GTO 1600) ><.acl TIjv EvoEL1;"1) YLa TIJv ~x[[LO<X"'llm;66EG"YJ ~oe; axo TOUe; Ext-tf.0-6( ... )"rE:~ cx{rt'ou -rot) -rEAwve;[ou, TOU fl-cxpx:f)o-r.ou vt"E: )..& ITlXAoUV-rcx., TOU OTtO LOU OL t)7te:p(36:ae:!.~ e:1xr:x:v we; ~7tO'EAEGfLCl fLLOC ~ywn GTiJ OLXO<LOaVv"y).

100

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'H yEWYPCC'PLX~ (3L(3ALDYPClCP£Cl nou fL71:0PE;; vOe (JUfL(30UAEUTEi: xavde; dVClL &'1'60\1"1). IIp~. TiJv cm06EG"YJ TOU Deffontaines YLOC TIjv xaTaywn TOU 'f'Cl'V0fLE:VOu (~v 47) "XO. TOU JEAN BRUNHES, Geographie humaine, G. 184)' P. GEORGE, 0."'., (355 x.c.}: TO (3L(3A[O 7tOU EXOUfLE -1]0"1) OtVatpEpeL TOU JuLES BLACHE xo<llo[we; Tk G. -18 x.E., 21,31' P. ARQUE, 0.",., G. 43. MLOC 8aufLaGLa aVvmp"1) TOU npo(3A-lJfLCLTOe; GTiJ M£a0YEw [L",C;:1 [LE EVCl xapT"Y) T'ije; Xa,aGTClG"YJe; TO 1938 aE 6A6xA"1)P"1) TiJ AEX&V"1), aTO &p6po T'ije; E. MeLLER, «Die Herdenwanderungen irn Mittelmeergebiet» aTo Peterm. Mitteilungen, 84, 1938, a. 364-370, [LE (3L(3ALOYPCl<p[Cl xCll xup<we; n:ClpCl7tofLnEe; GTOC <Y1Jl-'-avTLxoc (3L(3A<Cl TWV J. FRdDlN, Zentreleuropas Almwirtschsft; 2 T., 1941 xal MERNER, Das Nomadentum in Nord- Westlichen Afrika, LTou-ryapo"1) 1937. To fLEYa.AO npo(3A"1)fLcc OEV dvat [LOVO va XO<TClpT[GEL xClvde; Evav XCCTa.A0YO TWV fLoPcpw\I -rije; ErroXlx!fJc; fJ-ETcc.XlV"1j<:n)C; TWV (3oo::xwv, etA-ACt xed veX. CtVctZ;"Yj-n1O"EL TCX npoc; Boppet op~oc 1:7]C:; O"€ ax_eCTYJ p.z TIjv OtAnLxou -rVITOU nOL[LEvo<~ C;:w-lJ, xCl6we; xCll ,oc xpoe; N OTOV opla T"Y)e; aE GXEG"YJ fLE TO vOfLal)LcrfLo T'ije; GTEn"'e;, 7l:paY[La TrOU iaoou\lClfLEi: [LEo [LLOC 7tpoan:a6ELCl 6pL06ET"Y)<J"1)e; TWV fLe:O'OYE,ClXWV xwpwv. O[ n:poa<p"',"e; fLEAET.:e; TOU X. DE PLANHOL, YLOC Tle; 6no;;.:e; mo X&.TW (rOLD XEcpaAClLo, <J"1)[L. 301 xal320) OtOoufLE nClpCl7tofLnEe;, dvCl' OenocpO<aLGTO<Ee; aE ClUTO TO G"YJfLdo.

291 J.J. E.·;TRANGIN, Etudes srcheologiques, historiques et slatistiques sur Aries, 1838,0'.334 X.E.

292 FERNAND BENOIT, Encyclopedic des Boucbes-du-Rhone, ,. XIV, 0'. 628. r,a TO p6AO TWV «XClmTaALcr-rw"", (3A. Tie; {3w.aT'XE:e; cuv.a. OLo<cpwnGTLxEe; G"YJfLELwaELe; TOU ALBITRECGIA, 0."'., 0'. 256 X.E.

293 G. DESDEVISES DU DEzERT, Don Carlos d'Aragon, Prince de Viane, Etude sur I'Espagne du Nord au XV" siecle, 1889,0'.27.

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296 M .. LE LANNOU, 6..71; .. , o .. 62.

297 M .. SANUDO, Diarii, II, aTIJA7J 577.

298 M .. SANUDO, 0.71:., aTIJA7J 898, fH1;:O'., 1'1 Ma:p'dou 1498.

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299 Lro ;:Ow, XL, o .. 816, Zap<x, 1'1 4><=!3pouO'.p[ou 1526.

300 Recueil des Gazettes, E,O<; 1650, cr. 88, Be'Jc,[O'., 26 ~=[Lf3p[ou 1649.

301 XAVIER DE PLANHOL, De la plaine psmphylieone aux lacs pisidiens .. Nomadisme et vie paysanne, 1958, cr. 194.


tJ-~ae; cXAAYje; btox~e;. "AAAwcrTE 0 OEllTEpOe; dvaL eXPXcUOTc:pOe; eX1tO TY]v 1tpWTYJ. KciTW eX1tO To.: tJ-ciTLcx. tJ-ae;, cre: 6A6xA"Y)P"Y) TY]V ep"y)tJ.O 'Yj -YjtJ-~EP"y)!-LO SWV"Y) 1tOU 1tEp~(3ciAAE~ TY] Nona MEcr6YEW xal cruVEXLsEt !-LEXpt TY]v KEVTPLX-Yj , Ao Lcx. , xcx.l eXxotJ-"Y) mo 1tEpa, -Yj 1tOAtT~X-Yj ~e; tJ-OVLtJ-"Y)e; EyxaTci(Hcx.IT"Y)e;, 1tOU eXxoAouB"Y)crav or. vE6TEpEe; XU(3EpVYjcrELe;, eX1tO TO 1taALO cpatVOtJ-EVO TOU VO!-LaotcrtJ-0u OtaTYjp"y)crE tJ-t&' 1tapaAAcx.ytJ-Ev"Y) tJ-0PCP-Yj 1tottJ-EVLX-Yje; ?::w-Yj.:; (crTY] ~cx.xcipa, crTY]V T pmOA[TLoa, crT1] ~up[cx., crTY]V TOUpXLcx. xal cr.0 ' Ipciv), 1tOU tJ-OLci<;:EL [LE TY]V E:1t0XLX-y) tJ-ETaXLV"y)GYJ, [Le: Xcx.Tcx.[LEptcrtJ-O E:pycx.crLae; .

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. H 1tPOO1tTLX-Yj aUT-Yj T01toBET"y)IT"Y): VOtJ-cx.oLcrtJ-6e;, eXVTLcrTPOCP7j E1t0XLX-Yj tJ-ETcx.XLVYjIT"Y), xaVOVLX-Yj E1t0XLX-Yj tJ-ETcx.XLV"y)G"YJ, [LOtci1;:C:L eXA"Y)8ocpcx.vYje;. DOTe: 8tJ-we; T&'1tpciytJ-aTa oe:v Eytvcx.V TOcrO a1tA&' ocrcx. [Lae; eXcpYjVEL v&. E:VVOYjcrOUtJ-E aUTO TO a priori «[LOVTEAO». To 1tcx.pEAeOV 7jTcx.V 1tAoum6TEpo cre: xaTacr.pOcpe:e; xd (3[cx.tc:e; E:1tcx.vacr.cicrE!.e; 1tcx.pa. cre: eXpye:e; Ei;EAL1;ELe;. To OUcrTUX"Y)tJ-a ELVaL OTL cr' W5TOUe; TOUe; TotJ-de; 01. xcx.Tacr.pOcpe:e; dva~ ALy6TEpO yvwcr.e:.:; eX1t' athe:e; 1tOU EYLvav crTO X0JPO ~e; 1tOALTLX-Yje;.

LT-Y)V 1tpaytJ-cx.TtXo""Y)Ta, ;hav Tt.:; e1;C:TciC:;:oUtJ-E eX1tO xovTci, ol OUO ootJ-e:e; T"Y)e; 1tOLtJ-EV~X-Yje; ?::w-Yje; -eXVTtcr.pOcp"Y) E1tOXtX-Yj tJ-ETax[V"y)GYJ xal. Xcx.VOVLX-Yj e1t0XLx-Yj !-LETax[v"y)G"YJ- EtJ-cpcx.V[?::OVTcx.t cruxv&. eXPXETa. eXVtXXaTEtJ-EVEe;. LTY]V "Avw Dpo(3"Y)yx[a,302 TOV 15° xal 16° a~wvcx., 01. XTYJVOTpOcpot T0JV UY;WtJ-ciTWV (or. 01tOLot 7jTcx.V or. 1tAoum6- TEpm xal. ol1tEptcrcroTEpot) xcx.l Ot XT"Y)VOTp6cpot T0JV 1tEOLVWV XP"y)m!-L01tOLoucrav T&. row. [3ocrxoT61tta. L' cx.UTe:e; TI.e; cruv6-YjXEe; eXELVO 1tOU OLctCPOP01tOLEi: ·d.e; QUO [Lopcpse; e1tOXLX-Yje; !-LETaxLV"y)G"YJe; ELVaL TO Xo:.8EcrTWe; LOWXTYJcr[cx.e;. "ETcn eX1tO TOV TOtJ-Ect ~e; YEwypctcp[cx.e; tJ-ETcx.1t"Y)OOUtJ-E cr.Ov XOLVWV!.XO Xwpo T-Yje; iOWX""Y)crLcx.e; xcx.l EVTEAE~ T-Yje; 1tOALTLX-Yje;. O[ !-LETcx.X~viJcrELe; TWV X01tctO~WV eX1tEcpEPcx.V cpOpOAOyLXEe; 1tpocroooue; Teall Xcx.VEVcx. XpciTOe; OE:V [L1tOpOUcrE va. atJ-EAYjcrE~' yt' w'r,o Ecr1t~UOE v&. TOU':; OWcrEL opyaVW!-LEVYj !-L0PCP-Y) xal. va. Tle; eEcrEL U1tO TY]V Tepocr.cx.crLa TOU. 'Avci!-LEcra crTo.: 'AtJ-1tpOUTm xcx.l crTO T af30ALEpE ~e; , A1tOUAtcx.e;, -I]O"Y) eX1tO TY] pW!-La'~x-Yj E1tOX'l), dXE OLcttJ-OPcpweEi: tJ-~&. aVT[crTpOCP"y) E:1tOX~X-Y) !-LETaXLV"y)IT"Y), xcx.l ETm E1;"y)YEhcx.t -Yj U1to:.pi;"y) EPW(3LO[L"Y)Xcx.VtWV crTOV T &'paVTa .• H E1t0XLX-Yj cx.UTY] [LETtXXtV"Y)G"YJ OLcx.""Y)pYj8"Y)XE EXTOTE [LE: eXPXET&. D .. EU8EpOUe; opOue; fLEXpL TO 1442-1447, 01tOTE 6 'AAcp6vcroe; A' ~e; 'ApaYWVLcx.e;303 TY]v opycivwcrc: Xcx.T&' Tporro aUTcx.pXLXO tJ-E: XUpLDUe; xcx.l. U1toxpc:wnxoue; 1tpo(3cx.T6opo[Loue;, TOUe; tratturi xcx.1. 1tcx.pcx.Xcx.[L1tT1jpLOUe; (tratturelli), tJ-E: f3ocrxoT61tLcx. yL&. eXv&.Tew.JIT"Y) (riposi) xal XELtJ-EPLV&' [30crxOT01tLcx., tJ-E TOV E1tL1tAEOV xaTcx.vayxcx.crtJ-o TO tJ-cx.AA1. xal TGt <;:wcx. V&. TeOUAL6vTcx.L cr~ <1>6T?::Lcx. xd OX!. eXAAOU, xd cpucrtxGt tJ-E: T-YjV U1t0XPEWG"YJ Xa1:'a(30A-Yje; TEAWV crs OAO TO tJ--YjXOe; 1:'-Yje; OLaOpOfL-Yje; ... Acp61:'OU crTcx.8EPO-

302 H. SCLAFERT, Cultures en Haute-Provence, deboisements et piiturages au Moyen Age, 1959, a. 133 x.E_, [o[we; 'muc; xcipTEe; -r(;)v a. 134-135.

30l JOSEPH IVANIC, HUber die apulischen Tratturi in ihrer volkswirtschaftlichen und rechtlichen Stellung», aTO Illyrisch-albanischen Forschungen, 1916, a. 389 KS.

5. ~Z"..(dfLa:afLa: Xa:L !;ExcV..oxa:[p,a:afLGt TWV n:po(3ci·n.uv ~v vAvw npo(3'1)YX,a:, TEA"/) 15°U Gt1.wva:

LUfL'I'wva: fLE TO (3L(3A'Q rijc; THEREsE SeLAFERT, Cultures en Haute-Provence, 1950, a, 134 xc<l135, 071:0U (3P'crxEL xavdc;; rc)\:f]p"J') -rex T01'tW"JU{l-t.(X nou E:8w qouv J3ptXXUypctqnj6d".

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To 1548, O"E [LL~ nEpwx-y] 15.000 csrri (~VIX cerro; 7t"cXVW &:no 24 EXTcXptlX) O"T-Yjv , AnoUALct, TCt. [3ex:CYtAtXCt. 130crxoT67t"tct XIXTE:AcX[L[3ex:Vex:v ncXvw &:no 7.000 csrri : XCX~ T6TE -Yj ~!;OUcrllX iOW7C0t1)8"Y)XE, AlyO noAU OtXcttoA0Y"Y)[LZVct, &AAex: 2.000 earri &.no TCt. XctAAtEPY"YJ[LEvCX xwpcXqnex:. TCt. X07t"cXOtct, nou Xex:TCt. [LEcrOV opo &:pt8[LouO"ctv 1.000.000 XEcpcXAtex:, ECPTex:O"IXV XCXTCt. [LEcrOV opo x<xl. rrcXAt ClTCt. 1.300.000 -riJv E7t"6[LEV"Y) OEXctETlct. Kex:l. a &:pL8[L0c; WJTOe; ex:ui;1j8"Y)XE tXx6[LY) 7t"Eptcrcr6TEPO, &:cpou TOV 'OXTW13PLO TOU 1591 Ot ErrlO""Y)[LEe; eXTt!J.~crELe; [LLAOUV ytCt. 2.881.217 7t"p613ctTCX, evw 7t"ctpcXAAY)Act, UcrTEPex: &:7t"0 Tle; «tXxpl[3EtEe;)} TWV O"Y)[LY)Tptex:XWV (1560, 1562,1567, 1584, 1589- 1590 xoc!. 1591), noAACt. xwpcXcpw. mxvw o ' a.UTOUC; TOUe; OpO[LOUe; dXa.v eX[Ltcr8w8Et Xa.VOVLXCt. O"E &:yp6TEC; yLCt. OtcXO"T"Yj[La. Ei;L Xp6vwv - xa.l -Yj &:7C6ooO""Y) crE crtTcXpt a.UTWV TWV xwpa.cptWV, nou dXa.v E[LTCAouno"TEt &:no TO TCZpa.·O"[La. TWV l:wwv, dXE CPTcXcrEL d: &:pt6[LouC; pEx6p, &:7t"0 1 O"E 20 '>1 crE: 30. "ETcrt E!;7JYOUVTa.L Ot Ta.pa.y[LEvm nAEtcrT"YjpUXO"[LO~ «[LE TO xa.vT"fJAm304 O"TIj N6:TCOAy) !J.ETa.i;u U7t"OIj;"y)CPLWV &:yOpa.ClTWV. T Ct. mJ!J.cpEpOVTiX rrou rrcdC;:ovTIXV EOW f)TiXV !J.EycXAiX. LU!J.cpEpOVTa. TOU 0"Y)!J.0crLOu Ta.[LELOU, yt~ TO <mOtO TO TEAWVEtO ~e; 'A7t"OUALa.C; f)Ta.V EVa. ({!J.CXpya.ptTcXpt &:va.vnXa.TcXcrTiXTO)}, mJ!J.cpEpOVTiX TWV E!J.rr6pwv TOU [La.AAWU xa.l. TOU XpEa.TOC;, mJ[LcpzpoVTa. TWV !J.EycXAWV tOLOXT"YjTWV X07t"a.OtWV, ol arro"i:ot GAO xex:l 7CEptcrcr6TEPO OLa.XWpL<:;:OVTGU &:rro T'lJ !J.Ey6:A"Y) [L6:l:iX TWV [LtXpoxT"YjvoTp6cpwv ... «'0 XcX8E f3CAAa:VOC; &:7t"0 <xu-riJ T'lJV Errex:pXLex: TWV ' A[LnpOUTo"L», AEEL !J.tCt. Ex6EO""Y) 7CPOC; TOV Ka.80ALXO [3a.mAEa., «8Ct. 7t"EPVcXEt XcX8E Xp6vo &'rr' <XUTO TO TEAWVetO 10, 15,20 7j 30.000 TCpO(3iXTlVEe;, ytCt. vCt. nOUA1jcrEL, Exd crT-Yjv ' ArrOUAlex:, [Lex:AAt~ xed <:;:wex:. METcX, &:cpou yE[LLcrEt

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• R rotex: OUIXOLX6T7)TIX un7jpXE 7t"civn.ue; XIXl. crT-Yjv 7CEPtoX-Y] yUpw &.no T-Yj BtTcrE-

304 A.d.s. N.irroA"'J, Sommaria Consultationum, 2, [0512' Ewe; 15, 13 Mocp1:"iou 1563· 11, fOS 61' x<Xl 64" 10 'Ox1:"w[3piou 1591. To 1561, Ta. l1aooor: rije; Dohana delle pecore de Puglia dVOCL 164.067 3oux&.1:"oc· 1:"0 1564,207.474· 1:"OV 'IouvLo 1:"001588,310.853 (=0 i&o, 2, fOS 78-83,8 'OX1:"w[3ptou 1564, xoct 9, r= 426, 4 'Iouv[ou 1588).

305 G. CONIGUO, II Viceregno di Napoli nel secolo XVII, 1955, a. 28.

306 G.M. GALANTI, Nuova descrizione storics egeografica delJe SiciJie, 1:". II, N &rroAYJ 1788, a. 287,303, 305 xoct &x6fLYJ XocAU1:"Epor: A.dS. N&'71:0A"'J, Sommaria Consultationum, 41, fOS 99 we; 101, 17 'Ox-reoI3piou 1637.

106

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307 Marciana, 5838, C II, 8.

308 A.d.S. B~ET[OC, Cinque Savii, 9, fa 162,2 Mor:P1:"LOU 1605.

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309 GUILLAUME BOWLES, Introduction a J'histoire nsturelle et a fa geographie physique de f'Espagne, [L-r<pp. ,x,,:o -r& tcrnOC\ltxa. ,ill:0 -rO\lllTCOXO[L'l) de F1avigny, IIocptcrL 1776, cr. 470.

310 MODESTO ULLOA, La hacienda real de Castilla en el reinado de Felipe II, PW<L7j 1963, cr. 222 XOCI. OAo-ro eE;oxo Xe:<pM,""O, cr. 215-223.

311 Juuus KLEIN, The Mesta: a study in Spanish Economic History 1273-1836, 1920, &:rr., !-,-T'PP" La Meste, MOCOPL"'lJ 1936. EA. A. FRIBOURG, "La transhumance en Espagne», cr-ro Annales de Geographie, 1910, cr. 231-244.

108

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LUfL'f'WVo; fLe TO !3<!3A[O TOU Jll.ILS Kl.EIN, The Meste, A Study in Spanish Economic History, 1273-1836, l<lmoriJge 1920.

__ O!.OOU:t.

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&VO:11:TV1:;"f).312 MreopoufLE AOI.n-OV Va. axEcpTODfLE n:We; &V Ta. XOCcrTLAAtO:Vf.XOC XOn-O:OLcx.

312 JACOB VAN KLAVEREN, Europiiische Wirtscha[tsgeschichte Spenieas im 16. und 17. lahrhundert, L-rouTyapo'l) 1960, cr. 200 xL

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voc uncx.~ouv, OUTe: x.cx.Ta vouv ...

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311 ROBERTO S. LoPEZ, "The origin of the merino sheep», o-ro Jewish Social Studies Publication, -c. 5, NEGt 'Y6p>O) 1953, cr. 161-16S.

314 JACOB VAN KU,VEREN, 0."., cr. 200 x.E.

110

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aUf"M7'1"I 317 ~ '\ N r ").. ,,'\ -.. 170U ,., 318 \ f,. t;,

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315 WOLFGANG j,>.COBEIT, Schafhaltung und Schafer in Zentraleuropa his zum Beeinn des 201ahrhunderts BEpOAbo 1961. b,

316 MARIE MAURON, La transhumance du pays d'Arles aux grandes Alpes, 1952.

317 J.F. NOBLE DE Li\ L"'UZIERE, 0."., cr. 461,1632.

318 B.N. Esp, 127, [0' 61 )(Gt, 6'1 v, axp., apxe<; TOU 1 ru GtLWVGt,

111

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319 EA. a. 116-117.

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320 'Ex-ro<; ,xno TI) flE<n] -roG XA VIER DE PLANHOL nOll ,xVOC<pEpOU[.lE nocpocnocvw, 07)!L. 301, ,xno<pOCata-rLxa. <:IVOCL xoct -ra. &pflpoc -rou, «Caracteres generaux de la vie montagnarde dans Ie Proche-Orient et dans I'Afrique du Nord», aToX Annales de Geographie, 1962, &cp. 384, a. 113-129· xocl «Nomades et Pasteurs» I xocl II, a-r,x Annales de I'Est, 1961, a. 291-310, 1962, a. 295-318. L'l.OC\le;[O"TIjxoc 1<OM'" ,x11:0 -rlt; flOCU!La.atE<; OCllTlO<; fLEAeTE<;.

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321 'A\ldtpepofLocL crr!C; Zvod1;e:L<; TaU EMIL WERTH, Grabstock, Hacke und Pflug, 1954, <0(",<; <1. 98. m British Museum Royal 14 R XXIII, f" 22 (yU(>w aTOt 1611).

323 J. SAVARY DES BRULONS, Dictionnaire universel de commerce ... , 1759, I, a-IT)A7) 804. 324 X. DE PU.NHOL, 0."., errOt Annales de Geographie, 1962.

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325 :ETO rs.o, <1. 121.

326 X. DE PLANHOL, De 1a plaine pamphylienne, 0."., <1. 202.

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327 T iIo n:a:pcm:<ivw AE:7tTO!-'-e:pe:tcxxilo i'le:i'lO[1-EVa: npoEPxoVTa:t &:no TOV X. DE PLANHOL, «Geographie polirique et nomadisrne en Anatolie», crT1j Revue internstionele des Sciences socisles, XI, 1959, &po 4.

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328 FRANI;OlS SAVARY, xO!-'-"'l<; DE BREVES, Relation des voyages de monsieur ... tant en Terre Saincte et Aegypte, qu'aux Royaumes de Tunis et Arger, 1628, cr. 37._

329 FERNAND BRACDEL, «Les Espagnols en Algerie, 1429-1792", crTo Histoire et Historiens de J'Algerie, 1931, cr. 245-246.

330 BA. n:a:PCXXG:TW, !1_ 216.

331 HENRY HOLLAND, Travel in the Ionian Isles, Albania, Thessaly, Macedonia during the years 1812 and 1813, Aovi'lbo 1815, cr. 91-93.

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332 ·0."., I, cr. 144. 333 ·0."., I, cr. 31.

334 Memoires, IV, cr. 76.

120

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335 -0."., cr. 109, 112,251, 295.

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9 PIERRE MARTYR, a.n:., cr. 53, <rY)EJ.dwrJ"1j.

10 Armueire du monde musulman, 1925, cr. 8. II E. DE MARTONNE, a.n:" a. 296.

12 ERNE-ST LAVISSE, "Sur les galeres du Roi», a-DJ Revue de Paris, NO~f1.j3pw<; 1897.

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13 Vue generaJe de la Mediterranee, 1943, cr. 64-65.

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20 BELON DU MANS, o.rr .. , <!. 131.

21 A.d.S. Na:n:oA>J, Sommaria Consultationum, 2 f" 223, 2 'OXT<li[3p[OU 1567. 2:TI] OL"'PXELCC TWV rrp0>JyoufLEVWV Xp6vwv 7j rrocpocywy1) cn-o [3e<<![AELO Tij~ N "'rroA>J~, ,x<5XETWC; XctA'ij<; '>l xccx'i)c; e<!ooEfcc<;, ->jTCCV: vini latini 23.667 busti; vini grecchi, dulci et Mangiaguera, 2.319 busti.

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23 A. RADET, Alexandre Ie Grand, 1931, cr. 139.

24 ALONSO v.~S(.)l:F.Z, Los sucesos de F7andes ... , OC'TCOcrn&O'fL<XT<X, €xll. L.P. GACHARD, Les Bibliotheques de Madrid ... , Bpuc;EAAe:e; 1875, 0'. 459 x.6:., OCvct'f',ope:T'''' &.11:0 TO", L. PFANDL, Jeanne la Folle, y,,-AA .. fLTW. R. de Liedekerke , 1938, 0'. 48. fip(3. 'de; n:cxpctT7)p-1jcrEt<; TOU MAXIMILlEN SORRE, Les Fondements biologiques de la geographie humaine, 1943, 0'. 268: «fLt"- ,xTCO -de; tOLofLop'f'LEe; TW\/ ActWV n:ov SouO',,-\/ crTI)\I 11:Ept'f'EpEt<x TaU p.ecrOyELctXOU x6crfLou, 'iJ (molcx 'TCpOi;E\lOUO'E fLEyM'l €vrumuO'7) aTo&<; , Apxct[oue;" 1iTct~ -Yj xp-1jG1J Tau &'YEAcxIlL\/ou (3ourupou; ctUTO Ei;E'TCA7)TTe: XctL O'XctVO&ALl:;E 'TCOAU TOUe; XCXTctVctAWTEe; TaU ACXS'tOG. ?AxO!-1-"YJ xcc:t ~C(c; 'I"TCXA6~, 071:Wc;;' TIAtVlOC;, btS"1)AW'VE:t cx.UTO TO t:X.r~tJ.Cl. Xl.UpL:::; \1& crxe::qrt"EI o"t't 't""EALXCc 7j xp-ljcn'J -rou gAa.r.O).ocoou oSv 1j-nxv xa..t -roao 7tocAlCt cr-r1jv 'ITcxAicx»)_

25 ANTONIO DE BEATI;;, Itinersrio di Monsignor if cardinsle de Aragona ... incominciato nel anna 1517 ... ,

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26 '0 'TCPWTOTCPEO'(3UTe:pOe; TOU Bayeux n:poe; fL<XPxf]cr.a "i<; MCtvTO(3ctc;, A.dS. MOCvTO(3CX, Gonzaga, Francia, O'e:tp.x E, f" 637, 1'l '!ouv£ou 1529.

27 FRAN~OIS CHEVALIEIl, «Les cargaisons des flottes de la Nouvelle Espagne vers 1600», cr-r1j Revista de Indias, 1943.

28 P. VIDAL DE LA BLACHE, 0.71'., cr. 114· Bonjean, aT"- Cahiers du Sud, M&we; 1943, cr. 329-330.

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29 ~TO O. BENNDORV, 5.rr., cr. 62. COLE1TE, La Nsissence du Jour, 1941, cr. 8-9. 30 4 fL. ET7JcrtW<; crTov X6ATrO TOU K"'''-TC<PO.

31 BA. TO iip6po TOU M. SQ-lMIDTHOSER, «Vegetat iorrskuride Sud-Frankreichs und Ost-Spaniens», crTO Geogr. Zeitschrift, 1934, cr. 409-422. rca. TI]V c':1to<jJtAWO"Y], f3A. H. VON TROTHA TREYDEN, "Die Entwaldung der Mittelmeerlander)), crTO Pet. Mitt., 1916, xai TI]v EXEL [3'[3"-'oypc<cptc<.

32 t..w;-nJTrWo"y] ,OU WOIEKOV' TI]V DcVC<<pEPEt 6 JEAN BRUNHES, Ceogrspbie humaine, 4'1 itxO., cr. 133. 33 G. BOTERO, 5_n:., I, cr. 10.

34 ANDRE SIEGFRIED, 5.rr., cr. 84-85' JEAN BRt:NHF~<;, o.n:., cr. 261.

35 "Die Verbreitung der Kunstlichen Feldbewasserung», crTO Pet. Mitt., 1932. 36 M. SORRE, Les fondements biologiques ... , 5.7'., cr. 146.

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37 Itineraire de Paris a Jerusalem, 1811, cr. 120. 38 Geographie humaine, 4 ~ exll., cr. 51, cr7jfL. 1.

39 ' AXOfL"l x od <JT1)V KWVo-TotV,tVOU1tOA7j, ROBERT MANTRAN, Istanbul dans fa seconde moitie du XVII' siecle. Essei d'bistoire institutionnelle, economique et socisle, 1962, cr. 29.

40 Bibliotecs de Autores Espsiioles (B.A.E.), XIII, cr. 93.

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41 Le quart livre du noble Pantagruel, boo. Garnier, II, X€'fl. XI, cr. 58. 42 'EmcrTOA-l) TOU PIERRE GOUROU, 27 'Iouv[ou 1949.

4} E. LE Roy L.~DURIE, o.rr., cr. 118-119.

44 B. BENNASSAR, «L'alimentation d'une ville espagnole au XVIe siecle. Quelques donnees sur les approvisionnemenls ella consommation de Valladolid», <nOr. Annales ES.C, 1961, cr. 733.

45 Dantiscus n:po<; [)O'.G<AEO'. TIj<; ITOAWVLO'.<;, Valladolid, 4 'IO'.vouO'.pLou 1523, B'[)A'Oe-JpCY) Czartoryscki, nO 36, f" 55.

46 E. LE Roy LADURIE, o.rr., cr. 181-

47 BARTHELEMY JOLY, Voyage en Espagne, cr. 9.

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50 LTD '&0, cr. 79.

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51 Lettres ... , a, 161-162.

52 C. BOTERO, a.rr., II, cr. 124.

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54 Voyage a Constantinople, 1853, o, 97. >5 LeALlla 112.

56 journal de voyage en Italie, Collection «Hier », 1932, -r. III, cr. 242. 57 ·o.rr., III, cr. 409.

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58 LTD row, IV, cr. 233, cr. 340, VI, cr. 400-401. 'EXTOe; .xno rh B6pe:to '!-re<.ALa. 59 MATEO ALEMAN, Vida del picaro Guzman de Alfarache, I, 10 [LEpOe;, 3, a. 45.

60 LTD row, 20 fLEpoe;, 2, cr. 1"63.

61 BORY DE SAINT VINCENT, Guide du voyageur en Espagne, a, 281, <i"a'Pep.:,aL <inc -ro" CH. WEISS, L'Espagne depuis Philippe II, 1844, T. II, cr. 74.

62 M. SORRE, o.rr:., o: 267.

63 ·O.rr., a, 137".

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65 ALONSO DE HERRERA, a.Jr., EX?>. 1645, cr. 10" (cx,}",o taxuc:, XOPLW<; Y'/.: TO xp,6&:p'),

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72 G. BOTERO, o .. zr., I, I, cr. 40· MARCO FOSCARI, Relazione di Firenze, 1527' E .. ALBER!, o .. rc., II, I, a. 25.

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73 JEAN SERVIER, Lesportesdel'annee, 1962, a.13.

74 A.d.S. BEVETI.e<, Senato Mar 18, f' 45V .. 23, f' 97' 31, f' 126. 7S Ero is», 4, f" 26, 12 ~EXE!L(3p[OU 1450.

76 THOMAS PLATTER, ,5..7<., a, 33, -rO\l 'I«\Jouo:plo TOU 1593. 77 GAUANI, Cronaca di Bologna, Marciana, 6114, OIl, 5.

7' GIOVANNI BALDINUCCI. Quaderno di ricordi, Marciana, VI-XCIV.


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80 BA. TO "",-",mxo a.n:ocmGCOfLGC Tau TAINE, La philosophie de J'Art 20'1 e><a II a 121

81 8'1 -1]pi:pcx, vau(3tA'" VI. ' ."..

82 JEAN SERVIER, o.rr., 0. 287 ><L

83 P. ARQUE, Geographie des Pyrenees Irsncsises; cr. 43. 84 Voyage en Itslie, 0. 227-237.

85 E. CHARRIERE, Negotiations de la France dans Ie Levant, III, 0. 713.

86 Le Journal et les lettres de Cedoyn ale Turc», E:xB. BOPPE, IIcxploL 1909, cr. 37 ><al. 38 « ... ><cx1. [LE cXq>7Jcre

302

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87 Description de I'Afrique, tierce partie du monde, 0. 33-34.

8. "o.rr., I, XVI, a. 360.

89 Museo Correr, Dana delle Rose, 23, [0 449'.

90 STENDHAI., Promenades ... , g><o. Le Divan, '1932, II, 0. 258. 91 G. MEc'A1TI, Storia cronologica ... , II, cr. 790.

92 G. de Silva rrpoe:; <l>£Amn:a B', BeveT[cx, 2 'I",-vouGCp[au 1573, Simancas EO 1332. '0 Bocrrcopoc &n:' o,rr. CPCX;LVe:-rCtt, C:[Xe: 7taywo:er. ~v E:7t0X-YJ TOU ocu-"t'oxp&:t"opa KW'VCJ"t"OCVTLVOU E' TOU K-01tpwvuf-Lou, 718-775, G, BOTERO, o.rr., 0. 105.

93 Mario n:poe:; ><CXpoLv,xALa -rau KOfLa, Elves, 19 We:!3paucxp(au 1581, A. Vaticanes, Spagna 26, orig. f" 124.

94 ' Apx.e!.GC rijc; Pccyaul:a.c:;, Lettere di Levante, 38, f" 27'. 95 A. Bout, La Turquie d'Europe, 1840, IV, 0. 460.

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96 J.M. PARDESSUS, Collection de lois maritimes, I, a. 73, 179, Trctpct71:of.lrrry m:ov fIAINIO, Hist. net., II, 47· ROBERT DE SMf.T, Les assurances maritimes, 1934, a. VI· A. SCHALBE, Handelsgeschichte ... , 1906, a. 152-154' WALTER ASHBLRNER, The Rhodian Sea Low, 'Oi:;<popo'11909, CXLVIII. E. DE SAINT·DENIS, «Mare clausum», crTO R.EL., 1947.

97 Actus Apostolorum, XXVII, 12.

98 2:TO f&o, XXVII, 13.

99 J.M. PARDF.5SlIS. Collection de lois maritimes, IV, cr. 1837, cr. 578. 100 2:ro fow, VI, a. 46.

101 2:ro fow, V, a. 179.

!O2 JEAN CHARDIN, Journal du Voyage en Perse, 1686, I, a. 110 x.t.' VICTOR BERARD, Les Navigations d'Ulysse, II, Penelope et les Barons des iles, 1930, a. 33, <TIJf.l. 1. «To 71:EPt.OpyO dvctL on ot f.lOUaouAf.lO:VOL 8LO:AEi:;OC\l YLCt ETrOX-Jj XC<TOCf30A'ij.; TWV f.lLcrlllU[LO:T<.w, TW" EVOLXllU\I, 0.71:., Tt.; ~f.lEpof.l'1vlE'; TrOU 'JjTctV at XP>1<TIJ crTOU'; xpLaTLOCVOUC; -ojC; tAA1')\lLx'ij.; ctUTOXpctTOp[CCC;, o'1Aoc8~ TOU 'Aylou rElUpYLOU, 5 Moctou, xIXt TOU 'Aybu l>7j[L7)TPLOU, 26 'Ox-nu!3p[otm, A. Bout, 6.:rr., III, cr. 120.

!OJ J.M. PARDESSLS, a.:rr., V, a. 71-72, v6f.loc; -ojc; 8'1C "Ioovlou 1569.

104 :Ero fow, V, a. 81, vOf.l06e:a[ct TIjc; 18'1<; 'Iouv[ou 1598.

H MELOrEI02: 02: C!>YLIKH ENOTHT A: KAIMA KAI 12:TOPIA

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105 S. RA721, La storia di Raugia, a. 121. 106 :ETO r&o, a. 141.

107 2:ro row, a. 156.

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109 :Ero ,0.0, a. 169-170.

110 'Avct<popCt ocn:o TIJv KlUVcrTOCV"VOU7COA~, 17, 18,20 'OXTlUf3pLOU 1575. Simancas EO 1334. 1[1 M. ALEMAN, o.:rr., II, 2° fd;poc;, IX, a. 219.

112 KO[L'1'; DE ROCHECHOLART, Memoires, 6.rr., a. 75, "l03.

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116 Sirnancas EO 1051, fO 131.

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'OXTW[3pW TOU 1562 XCXTCX7tOVTLO"T7jXE 6 r.crrrcxvLxoe; crT6AOC;. '0 OLa.OpO[LOs T-ijs M&AIXYCXs, £XTEeEt[LEVOs CITOUe; a.VCXTOALXOUe; tXVE[LOUs, ijTIXV TpO[Lcxxnxa. ETItX[vouVOs OAo TO XEt[LWVIX, tcrwe; 7ttO ErrtX[VOuvoC; xcxl. &:rro TOV X6A71:0 TOU AEOVTOe;. "'HTCXV e:mXLVOUVOs a.x6[L"Y) xcxl T-Y)V &VOL1;7J. Tov 'A7tPLAW TOU 1570, OUO ycxAepe:s [3pe8"Y)XIXV 7tETIX[LEVEs crT-Y) crTEpta. T'1js lYla.Acxycxe; XIXI. TpEIs &AAEe; noAAa. [L[AtlX [.LEcrCX crTO tXVOLXTO 71:EAcxyoe;. 121 To 1566 0""Y)[Le:tw8"Y)xcxv TIoAAa. vcxuaytcx.122 To <DE(3pOUa.pto TOU e:rr6f-Le:vou Xp6vou, 27 7tAoIcx xcxl. rrAmaptCX, 71:pOe:PX6[LEVIX crx_EOOV 6ACX &:71:0 T1j <DAavoplX, CPOpTW[LEVIX [LE 67tACX xcxl. a.iAIXVTtXa. XOCTIX71:0VTLO"T"Y)XCXV [L7tPOcrTa. crT1j Ma.AIXYIX.123 Kcxl. 0 X6A7tOs TOU AEOVTOS &:TIO T-Yjv &AA"1) OEV OtE~EUOE -rYj CP'l)[L"1) TOU:

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117 Sirnancas EO 1054, fO 20, ,a tOW tquaE xed. yL'" !!:vCt. ,Ct.1;,[OL ~ 1\.", rxouA,h, Oevn13Ct.mAtCt.t; "it; N&:n:oA"1)t; npat; A.M., N<inoA"Y), 24 'IocvouCt.p[ou 1562, Simancas EO 1052, fO 12.

lI8 P. DAN, Histoire de Bsrberie, 1637,2'1 EXOOCJ"1), cr. 307. VICTOR BERARD, 6.IT., a. 34, CJ"1)fJ.. 1. Il9 PAUL ACHARD, La vie extreordineire des Ireres Barberousse, 1939, a. 231.

.20 Co, MOT Tepa.; 13ocatAtoc, PwfJ."y), 8 'Ioc\loucr.p[ou 1554, Corpo Diplometico Portuguez, VII, 298-299. 121 Fourquevaux 7tPa.; K&'POAO e', K6poo13oc, 'AnpLALO'; 1570, C. DOUA1S, 6.IT., II, a. 214.

122 C. DURO, La Armada espanola desde la union de Castilla y Aragon, 1895-1903, II, cr. 104. M1j7tw.; Y[VE:TOCL aUi7YCJ"1) fJ.E: ,0 1567;

.23 Pedro Verdugo TePa.; <PlAt7rTeO B', M&'Aayoc, 19 Map,[ou 1567, Simancas EO, 149, [0 277-278.

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.24 Franc" de Eraso npa.; <P[At7rTeO B', 16 MCt.tou 1564, Simancas EO 1446, f" 131.

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125 Contarini 7tp0C; oon, Valladolid, 11 'IIX\loulXp[ou 1603, A.d.S. B",v",'dcc.

126 Mcmoires de Guillaume et Martin Du Belley; Ex!). V.L. BOURRILLY xd F. VINDRY ytc.: TI)V ({Societe de l'Histoire de France», T. I, 1908, cr. 39.

127 Histoire de I'Empire Ottoman, T. VII, cr. 268-269 (&7"<0 A,x6o<; O[""'t TI]v -iJfLepOfL7J\I[", 30 Noe:fLj3p[ou).

12' "0.7"1:., II, cr. 81-82.

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129 A.N., K 1674, 7tpwT6TU7tO.

130 Innsbruck, 8 'I",vouap[ou 1 :'>52, Nuntisturbericbte aus Deutschland, I, XII, cr. 140.

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132 A. BALLESTEROS, &,,_, IV, I, cr. 200_ m 2:ro row, cr. 201.

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136 '0 XSL!-'-wva<; =J!-,-CdVEL st;a6A[w<DJ cr-r7jv 'Apocywv[a, C. DOllAIS, o.rr., III, a. 36,13 <PEl3pOUO<p[ou 1567.

137 G. BOTERO, o.rr., I, cr. 10: ... che il Re Ferdinando diceva che d'estate bisognava dimorare in Siviglia come d'iaverno a Burgos, che e freddissima citte rna can mirabili ripari contra iJ Ireddo ...

138 LEON L'AFRICAIN, o.rr., a. 37.

139 JOAN NlSTlJR, Handel und Wandel in de. Moldsu his zum Ende des XVI. lahrhunderts, 1912, a. 9.

140 J. SAlIVAGf.T, Alep. Essa.i sur les ;;J;;nes d'une grande ville syrienne, des origines au milieu du XIX'

siecle, 1941, cr. 14. (

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141 JESUS GARCIA FERNANDEZ. Aspectos del psissje agrario de Castilla la Vieja, Valladolid 1963, cr. 25. 142 M. BANDELLO, 0."., I, cr_ 279 xa:! passim.

143 R_ C.~RANDE, Carlos V y sus banqueros, MC(0p[Tt) 1943, cr. 57 X_2_ 144 Diego Suarez, xcp. TIj<; Biblioteca National, Mo<0p[Tt), KE<p. 34.

145 A. BOUE, 0."., IV, cr. 460, Granvelle "po<; XC(pOW.xAW Riario, Macop["), 15 'Iouv[ou 1580. A. Vaticanes, Spagna, 17, f" 135_

146 P. VIDAL DE LA BLACHE, 0.71:., cr. 265. 141 G. HARTLAUB, 0_71:_, cr. 20.

148 Memoires, 4° [l-epo.;, cr. 5.

314

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149 '0 P_ ACHARD (0."., cr. 204), AeeL Ecr<pcU.[l-evex. M",/'v OCVTL Ko<pSex.yev7), G. BOTERO, 0.7r., cr. 7. rLa TIJv &crcpciAeLa TaU A"[1-O<VLOU TIj<; Ko<p6ayeVY)<;, i3A. Inst. naut., nO 345, cr. 95.

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151 NoveJas ejemplares, ExO. Garnier, II, cr. 283. MeTC('PP.x1:;w xaxw<; TIJ «vendeja» w<; TPUyO· -Ij M1';lJ <rr][1-ex.[veL TIJv ocyopa:, -ny., n:WAlJCTYJ, nn:w<; &1';lJYEl (, MARCEL BATAILLON, «Verideja», cr-r1]v Hispanic Review, XXVII, ocp. 2, 'A-rrp[ALO<; 1959. 'AAAa -Ij crUYX'--'<rr] elvrxL <pumx-1j, &<pou "'UTIJ -Ij ({ocyopa» e:lVO<L-Ij o:yopa TOU XprxcrLOU. "EVe< eyyp"',!,o TWV &pxwv TOU 17°U aiwva (B.N. IIap£m, Fr. 4826, fO 5, Aeet: « ... Evw (, c:rr6AO<; YLa TOV TPUYO JjT"'V ETD<[l-O<; va &n:011:Aeucre< 0:11:0 TIj re<A).£o< YLa va n:cXeL cr-r1]v 'Icrn:",-

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155 'ApX"';;O: TIjc; Po:youl:o:C;, L.P. 2, [0 26 xo:l 26" 27, 30 Auyoua-wu 1569.

156 G. BOTERO, o.rr., 0. 105, tn-ryv "'px-ry TaU XEt!-'-WVC< xed oT-1jv "'PX-l) -ojc; &"ot1;;1jc;. Description du Bosphore ... Collection des Chroniques nationales, Bucnorc, T. III, 1828.

151 'ApXetoc TWV Bouches-du-Hhone. No:uo:pXe:tO TIjc; MocaaocA[O:C;, KO:To:xwpiaEtc; TW\I 7Uo-r01tOt>,)nXWV e:X<p6pTWG>']~ TWV "f1-1topeu!-,-,hwv. 'Ex<popTwaEtC; 1tAO[W", B IX 14 (1543), [0 LXV· xo:l. LXVI, LXVII', LXIX, LXX.

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161 L. VON P,;srOR, o.rr., X, o: 37. 162 LTD LOW, a, 47.

163 RAINER MARIA RILKE, Lettres a un jeune poete, 1937, a. 54. 164 Lours BERTRAND, Philippe II a J'Escorial, 1929, a, 170.

165 ·O.rr., VIII, a. 208.

166 LTD £Ow, VIII, a. 175. 161 LTD £Ow, VIII, a. 165.

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16& ~O."., I, 73' PAUL MASSON, Le commerce [rencsis du Levant au XVIIe siecle, a. 419. 169 BELON DU MANS, o.rr., a. 136.

170 JOAo DE BARROS, Da Asia, I, f3tf3A. III, xe:<p. III x~t VIII.

171 K<x'1;'" 1;OV LA BOULLAYE LE Gouz, ii7tw~ O:Vet'PEpe:1;ett O:TCO 1;OV PAt;L MASSON, '0."., a. 373. 172 ISABELLE EBERHARDT, Notes de route, 1921, a. 7.

m SACHAU, 0."., a. 74-77.

H MEIOrEIOI QI <f>YIIKH ENOTHT A: KAIMA KAI lITO PIA

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9 6 5 14 20 2 1 5 6 4 7 6 17. 'Apxe:i:et -rije; P"'youl;;ae;. Diversa di Cancelleria 145, [0' 165,165" 172-173, 174" 175, 176, 176v, 177, 17r, 180, 180v, 188 Ewe; 192" 196 EWe; 197,201 v Ewe; 203· 146, f" 6" 7, 12, 12", 13, 13\ 14" 17v, 24, 33\ 40, 40" 43, 43" 46" 47, 47\ 48 e:w~ 49" 50", 104v e:w~ 107, 133",134, 145v EWe; 148, 150 EW~ 153, 155 EWe; 161 V. 164 EW~ 165, 167 EWe; 168, 170v EW~ 171 V. 174, 182 itw~ 183,193 EWe; 194, 198v EW~ 203, 208 E~ 209, 211' EWe; 213, 215v EW~ 218, 226 Ewe; 229. "'Oxwc; ~Ae7COU!-Le; oi. 'Vcxu""t'occr<:paAe:r.ec; 8e:v XCLTCXXWp[{:::OVTcx.~ OAe:C; xcx-roc ae:to?&., cXMoc cXvGtfLr.yvUOVTa.t. f-LE:

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o POAOL: TOY TIEPlryPOy

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175 OL poria te TOU ;\t[36pvoo, aT1.; (m:oLs,; Be.: CtVClq>E:POf1.a.t ffilXVCt, srva.~ xup[w<; f1.E:p0'; TWV xcxTacrnxwv Mediceo 2079 xed 2080 'mu A.d.5. <PAwpsV"dcx.. TIp[3. FERNAND BRALDEL x"'-' R. ROMANO, Navires el marchandises a l'entree du port de Livourne, TIcx.p[m 1951, passim.

176 Ol ffilVe:Xt1;:6f1.e:',e:e; <ix6f1.>J (l.EAE"t"S<; -rwv GIOVANNI REBORA xed DANIELO PRESOTTO ytO~ "t"te; .xq><i;e:Le; "t"ou A~f1.cx.VtoU -Die; rE:vo[3cxe; Be. !Lac; owaouv &v<X!Lq>[{30A<X, o"t"<Xv "t"sAe:twaOu\I, TCA>JpOq>Op[e:e; YLe. "t"t<; E:TCOxtXE:e; Ot<XXO!La\las~e; rije; 'JC<U"t"LA~roOje; x[v"1)G""I)e;.

320

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178 E.o i'ow, II, cr. 2.

17. P. MASSON, O.7r., cr. 41, TpLn:OA"1j TO 1612. 180 Deutsche Piigerreisen, Gotha 1889.

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.8. Iro row, G. 286-287.

.82 F. BRAUDF.L xed R. ROMANO, Navires et msrchsndises a Fentree du port de Livourne, 1951.

• 83 BA. 11:OCpocn:tivw, <nJfL. 174.

H MEL:OI'EIO~ n~ <l>YL:IKH ENOTHT A: KAIMA KAI IL:TOPIA

~IAPKEIA T A:::It.lON BENETIA - Arroi Tonoi

1507 1507 1517 1520 1521 1523 1523 1546 1549 1551 1556 1561 1561 1563 1565 1565 1583 1587 1604 1608

..................... ~ .

fLeGOC; opOC; crTpoYYUAe:fLevoC;: 43 fLepe:C;.

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(,Avct:xwpY)<nJ <X1'CO TIJ" 'Ie:pol>crocA-1JfL)

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t:..IAPKEIA TON TA:::Il>ION no. ErtNAN xno TA It.IA IIAOIA :ETON ITHrEMo KAI :ETO I'.PI:EMO

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1,72 2,7 2,1 2,06 1,57 1,47 1,9

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50 29 43 49 58 44 45

86 79 92

101 90 65 85,5

184 ~AAAcX Ot 8150 VE::cx.poi ~<::S'TOpL)<ot., DANIELO PRESOTIO xa.l GIOVANNI REBORA ETtt.XS:£P"'t}Ca.v ~ OUcr-t'"1'}!-lIXTudj' &vtiAU<nJ -r::wv -r::e:Awve:,cexwv eyypacpwv T'ijc; I'evo[3occ;, Xe:.p6ypct:cpo 8.ct:-r::pt[3>jc; aTIj Facolta di economia e commercio T'ijc; I'EvO[3occ; .

o POAOl: TOY I1EPlryPOY

22. 'H x[v"'Im") TWV spycm,wv TOU Fondaco dei Tedeschi crTI] BC:"'''T£ot

1561

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185 Museo Correr, D. delle Rose, 45, 1'1 'Iotvouotp[ou 1604, 0<<p:1JY1Jm") "OU Lamherto Siragusano, 0 07t0;:0<; OeVotxwpe:;: 0:7t0 TI]v • AAe:1;ocvape:tot, Xe:'fL';'Vct, au\looe:u6fLEvo,; 0<71:0 XOC7tOLOV M<xpcre:y,eC;:o 6v6fLotT' Theodolo 7tOU itXe:, sm!3'[3ctcrTe:, crri) voc!3ot 'au. l:TI]v apx'l0A<X 7t"tJycttvOU\l XocAOC: fLe: <pouaxw~ot TOC 71:ctv,oc ,PEXOUV ob» Oe:A<pLV'<X, OCAAOC crTI] fL,xpctmctTtx1] &xT1j, xov,oc crTI]v 'AT,OCAe:~ot, TOU'; !3PLaxe:~ 1;ct<pvtx1] Xct,ot'y£Oct.

186 Acd.S. NOC7tOA"'I, Sommaria Consultationum (itxe:, Xct6e:;: -1j 7tctPot7tOfL7t1j).

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Kcx!. Oil-we:; 8ACX eXAAtX?::OUV, cXXO[L"Yj xcx1 TO 0"t[LCX. KcxvEvcxt; m.x cr'lJ[Le:pcx OEV mcrTe:uet crTOV cX[LETtXf3A"YjTO xcxpexxT'ljpcx TWV crTotXdwv T-Yje:; <pucrtx-Yjt; yewypcx<pLCXt;. ELvctt &pcxye: ne:pLTTo v.x entO""Yj[LtXvou[Le: T1t; ntXpcx nOAD [LtXPE:<; [Le:TCXf30AE:t; -1l-e:TCXf30AE:C;

, ,,~ '" -, , , . '0 G h d S II 189

ncxp OACX CXUTCX- rrou ncxpCXT"YjpoUVTCXt crTCX ye:wypcx<ptXCX [L"YjX"Yj, er ar a e

i.cr:;cUpL?::e:TCXt OTt a ope:tvOC; oyxOC; TWV &VCXTOAtXWv "AAne:wv XtVei:TcxL npoc; ~ BCXUCXPLCX, [LE cX[Le:A"YjTEOC '{crwe:; TCXXUT"YjTCX (EVCX E:XCXTOcrTO &v.x ETOt;) , TCXXUT"YjTCX WcrToo o &pxe:rY] yt.x v.x o"Yj[LtoUpy'lJcre:t, crE Optcr[LEVCX veupcxAytX.x O""Yj[Le:t:ct, XCXTCXppe:Ucre:te:; xcx!. XCXTOAtcr6'ljcrEtt;, Or. onot:Et; XtXnOTE u-n:-Yj~cxv npcxy[LcxTLXtX XCXTCXcrTPO<ptXE:t; crT-lj\l r.crTOpLcx TWV "Axrcecov. 'Ana nCXAttX 7J npocroxYJ TWV ye:wyptX<pwv crTptX<p"YjXe: npot; TI-j Me:cr6ye:to xc:xl Tle:; !J-ETCX[30AEC; nou E(L<pCXV[<;:EL .GE op!.O"[L~vi"e:; XPOVtXEe:; nept6oouc; ~ ypCX[L[L-Y) TWV cXXTWV T"Yjt;. BEf3CXtCX Optcr[LEVOL cXno cx\hou<;, [LE: TI-j f3o'ljBe:tcx cruyxe:xpt[LEVWV ncxpcxoe:tY[LtXTWV, onw<; AOYOUXtXp"Yj T-Yj<; v'ljcrou El.'ljAOU, XCXTEA"Yj1;cxv crTO cru[LnEpcxcr!J-CX OTL OEV O""Yj(LEtWVeTCXt xcxll-t.x &noAuTw<; (LETCXf1oA1}.I90 "At; pLi;ou[LE tXvTWETCX [LLa [LcxTta crTl.t; Epycxerte:<; TOU Th. Fischer, TOU R.T. Gunther XOCI. TOU Alfred Philippson. To npo13A"Yj[LCX nou TLBeTCXt dvcxt &',1 npoXEtTCXt yt.x !Le:TCX13oAE:C; [LE cxucrT"Yjp.x Tomxo XctpexxT'ljpcx "tJ ()Xt. ~u!J-<pwvcx [LE: T~t; [Le:AETe:<; TOU Agostino Arrigol91 XCX~ TIjc;

187 B. Suarez crTO" Simon Ruiz, ¢AWpe:v-rL«, 8 6.e:xe:f1-!3pLOU 1583, A. Provincia, Valladolid.

188 Aid.S. AWpe:VT(<<, Mediceo, 920, f" 355. 'H Evoe:~1;"'1 ELVctL Ootve:wfLEv"'I &71:0 TI]v &VEXOOT1J epyctcrt« TOU Maurice Carmona (itx6e:=i crTO C.N.R.S.).

189 <cGebirgshildung der Gegenwart in den Ost-Alpen», crTO Natur und Volk, 69, CT. 169-176. 190 M.L. CA YECX, crTOC Annales de Geographie, XVI, 1907.

191 Ricerche suI regim« dei litorali nel Mediterra.neo, P';'fL"'I 1936.

o POAOL TOY TIEPlryPOY

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192 Indagine suIle recenti variazioni della linea di spiaggia delle coste italiane, PW!-'-"1) 1935. np(3. ·d<; 1tOCpOC7'CO!-'-TtE:<; ,ou A. PHIL1PPSON, 0.7<., a. 22-23, XOCL 'L<; fLEA':-re:<; ,wv C. COLD, Kustenveriinderung im Archipel, M6vocxo 1886 Xcx.L TH. FISCHER, Beitriige zur physischen Geographie der Mittelmeerliinder, besonders Siziliens, ALtj;[OC 1877.

193 ED. LE DANOIS, L'Atlantique, 1938, cr. 162.

194 TH. MONOO, L'hippopotame et Ie philosophe, o.rr., a. 100. 195 A. PHlLlPPSON, o.rr., cr. 134-135.

196 Historiscbe Geographie, 1904, a. 188.

197 EA. "("""X a WAl.TER PAHL, Wetterzonen der WeltpoHtik, 1941, cr. 226-227. 198 FERDINAND FRIED, Le tournent de l'economie mondiale, 1942, cr. 131.

n:OAU n:E~rrnx&.. 'An:o TOV Partsch 199 xed fLET<X en:lXva:A&'fL[3IXVGtV GUVEXWC, (h~ 0 T?:EP~V., OTO N 6TO T'ljc, TuvY)er£a:c" OE:V um!:erTY) xlXfL~<X fLET<x[30A1j, .x<pou'l] Nfqrr<x xod 'l] To?:e:p erTlc, OX6EC, TOU .xVT~OTO~XOUV O'Tlc, .xPXIX'i:EC, PWfLlX"xe:C, n:6AE~C, Thusurus xGtl Nepta. 'En:LO'Y)C, LcrxUpU:;:OVTIXV200 on 'l] un:EpXdA~O'Y) TOU NdAOU crrijv .xpXGtL6TY)Ta: '1JTGtV .xVT£O'TO~X7J fLE: T'lj O'Y)fLEP~V'1j xa:l OT~ 'Y] XAWp£OIX T'ljc, fLWWLX'ijC, Kp'lJTY)c, (crUfL<pwvGt fLE TI.C, fLGtPTUP£EC, T'ljc, fLLVW~X7jC, TEXV7JC,), Xp£VOL, ucX.xLv6OL, Xp6XOL, AUXV£OEC" GUYXIXTIXAEyOVTlXt crT'lj O'Y)(.LEPWY] .xVaL1;L&.nx7J XAWp£OGt T'ljc, MEeroYE£ou.201 'En:£O'Y)c" ChL y{;pw .xn:o T'lj BGtYLGtOOAI.C 01. .xVa:OlXcrWcrELC, fLE n:EUXIX, n:ou EY~VGtV TOV 16° a:[wvGt, .O<pdAOVT<Xt crxEOOV OAEC, .xn:ox)..EterTtX<X crrijv n:GtPEfL[3a:O'Y) TOU &v8PWn:ou_202

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'En:ofLEVW~ TO XALfLGt .:XAA&'C;:Et XGtl oe:v .:XAAa:?:€r.. METGt[3.xAAETIXr. y{;pw &n:o 6EcrEtC, LcrOpp07tLIXC" n:Oll n:L8IXVOToc.TGt fLETIX[3&'MOVTlXt XlXl O~ '{OtEC" &x.oAou6wVTGtC, OfLWC, EAa:X!.O'TEC, a.n:OxA£crELC,. 'AAAa ETcrL (,)£yoUfL€ x&.n O'Y)fLIXVTLX6. M1]n:wc, EfLe:LC, 01. LcrTopLxol 6& eTIpEn:E '.1& n:POcr6EcroufLE crTlc, <pa:crEtC, A xlXl B TOU Francois Simiand-?" X&'TIOtEC, &AAEC, <pa:crELC" &AAOTE n:LO 1;'Y)PEC, XIXL &AAOTE mo UYPEC" OCAAOTE mo 8EPfLEC, XGtL &AAOTE TILO t¥UXPEC,; KlXl n:pa:YfLa:TLXa:, &c, OOUfLE Tt fLiic, AEE!. yta TO ho.:; 1450 0 Le Danois Yj T£ yp.x<PE!. 0 Gaston Roupnel, OTGtV ola:<pwvd fLe: TOV ({1.crTOptXO n:Oll &pve:'i:TGtL '.1& n:IXPGtOEXTE'i: OTt O'Y)fLELW6'Y)xlXv I.O'TOpLXa crO[3GtPEC, xGtl Xp£crtfLEC, XAtfLIXTOAOYLxEC, OtIXTIXPIXXEC" oi. On:O~EC, TOV 13° XGt~ TOV 15° a:iwvGt crT&.87JXIXV a:iT[1X va. fLETGt[3A7J60uv 01. OpaL ?:w7jc, crrijv EUpWTI:7j».205

ME IXUTO TOV TPOTIO T£BETlXt Aomov TO 1.;;1JTY)fLGt. "Ooo yta T'lj MEcrOYEW, 8a. &pxEcrToufLE erE fLEptxa YEvLxa EVOEtXTtXa yEYOVOTIX xGtl crE (.LtGt Yj OUO UTI06EcrEL~.

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To row n:t8a:vov va O'UfL[3Gt£VEL XlXl fLE T& xALfLGtToAoYlxa <pa:tVOfLEVIX: «OAGt &AAa:C;:OUV, XIXI. TO x)..tfLlX fLlXC:l fLE Ta &AAGt».194 'AAAa yta ~V &AAIXy-1j TOU xA[fLGtTOC, cruv1J6wc, GtLTLa: dva:t 0 &v6pwn:0c,. "AAAOTE E1;IX!.T£IXC, T7jc, &n:Ot¥£AWO'Y)C, TEpa:crT!.WV OlXcrWOWV EXTa:crEWV, &AAOTE E1;<XtT£GtC, T'ljc, OtIXXOn:'ijC, T'ljc, &pOEUO'Y)C, xa:l T'ljc, XGtAAtEPY€~IXC;, n:OU cruxva n:Po!;EV€'i: fLEYOCA€C, XGtTlXcrTPO<pe:C, OTic, &YOVEC, n:EP!.OXEC,.195 '0 Th. Fischer 8€WPE'i: [3E[3lXtO 8Tl TO xA£fLa: T7jC, LtXEA[IXC, EY!.VE l;7JPOTEPO fLETa T'lj fLOUcrOUAfLa:VLX'1j XGtT.xXT7jcr7J. I10LOC, ijTGtV OfLWC, 0 Un:EU(')UVoc" 01. a.v6pwn:Ot Yj Ta crTO!.XE'i:<x T'ljc, <pUO'Y)C;; I1p&.Y(.LIXTL 0 Goetz crT'ljv TIOAunfL7J 'I(rrop!xYj rcwyparp{a TOUI96 AEEL OTt 0;' En:t<pa:VEla:xe:C, TI:7jye:c, crTEPEt¥IXV rrplv an:o T'lj fLOUcrOUAfLGtvtX-Yj Xa:T,xXT7jO'Y), XIXl. a.vT£6ETa: 0 X<XTGtXTY)~C; n:ou '1Jp6E &n:o TO NOTO fLe: TO cro<po &pOEUTtx6 TOU crUcrT7JfLlX TIPEn:Et va EOWcrE fL!.a AUO'Y) crT'ljv XPtO'Y) T'ljc, AEtt¥UOptlXC,.

I1a:VTWC, EvIX n:oM fLEY&.AO fLEPOC, T'ljc, O'Y)fLe:ptv'ijC, [3t(3AWYPGt<p£a:c, CJXETtXa fLE IXUTO TO 8EfLIX n:IXPIXOEXETGtt Tlc, xA!.fLa:TOAOytxEC, fLETIX[30Ae:C, n:OU O'UVE[3'Y)crGtV crTO n:IXPEA- 60'.1 XIXl. O'UfL[3a:£vouv &x.OfL'Y) fL7tpocrTa crTa (.L&'T!.IX fLa:C,. LTOV ' APXTtx6, 'l] fLa:?:1X TWV TIa:ywv &TIO TO 1892-1900 XIX!. fLETal97 n:pETIet va un:OXWp7JcrE, lvw 'l] EP'Y)fLoC, T'ljc, La:x&.plXc, va E1tEXT&.87JXE n:poc, Boppa XGtL n:poc, N 6TOV T'ljc, &<pptxa:v!.x'fjc, 1jn:e:tpOU.198

, AVT[8ETGt, T& [3~[3AtlX xa:l ot fLEAETEC, TOU n:GtPEA86vTOC, XIXTEA7JYIXV OAIX crTO ITUfLn:EpGtcrfLGt OTt TO xA£fLGt OEV fLETIX~&.AAEToc.!.. T & EmXE!.p-YJfLGtTIX OfLWC, OEV '1JTIXV

199 'A"occpepr;,ocL CcTtO ;;0" A. PHILIPPSON, 0.7<., cr. 133-134. 200 FRlTZ J.~GER, Afrika, 1910, I, cr. 53.

201 HERBERT LEHMANN, a-ro Geogr. Zeitscb., 1932, cr. 335-336. 202 8. BENNASSAR, Valladolid au siecle d'or, nOCpLm-XocY"') 1967.

203 EMMANUEL DE MARTONNE, Geographie Universelle, VI, 1, 1942, a. 140.

204 '0 Ignacio de Asso, 0.71:., 1798, cr. 78 fLu-ii "(La fLLCt. i;"1)Pdcr[G< e:lxom hw" crTIJ" Ouecrxoc. 205 Histoire et destin, 1942, cr. 62.

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Monterin,206 Ot "Axrcs«; rrEpCXGCXV rX;n:o EVcx GTO:Oto eXrro/;1jpcxvO"Y]~ XCX~ eXvcxeEPfLavO"Y]~ fLETeX TO 1300, tv& eX'JT£8ETCX dXCXf1.E n:TWtTIJ TYj~ 8EPf1.0xpcxO"la~ xcxl. cxliE;~cnJ TYj~ uypcxO"£cx~, xcxl. xaTeX cruvErracx f1.EyO:A~ E:/;o:rrAwO"Y] T&V n:o:ywv f1.ETeX TO 1600. METeX TO 1900, VECX cpo:O"Y]: 01 "AArrEt~ &rrot;~p6:v8~xcxv /;cxvo:, xcxl. 01 1to:ym cruvOAtxeX U1tOXWp~GCXV, an:' O,Tt E;EPOUf1.E. L1jf1.EPCX O"TIjv rrEpwx7j T&V X6E TO:OUEPV fLE: ~v U1t0XWP"'f)cnJ T&V n:o:ywv &.rroxcxAucp8"'f)xcxv O"E: f1.EyO:AO u~6fLETPO 0PUXEi:CX xpuO"ou, TWV On:OLWV Yj E:Xf1.ET6:AAEUcnJ n:PE1tEL veX yw6-r:tXv ~ pWfLcx"ix-YJ E:n:ox-YJ xcxr. TO MEO"CXLWVCX &.x6fL"'f).207

Kcx~ va TEAtxeX n:ou [3ptcrx6fLCXO"TE f1.CXXpteX eX71:0 TOU~ XUxA01)~ TWV TptO:VTCX ETWV 71:0U l3Ex6TCXV 0 Emmanuel de Martonne. 'AAAeX dvcxt E:71:tO"'T"'f)fLOVtxeX e:yxup"'f) Yj XAtfLCXTOAoytXYj 1GTOpLCX TWV "AA71:EWV; D.UcrxoAo veX TO 1tOUfLE. AUTOl. 71:0U fLEAETOUV TIjv 1.O"TOP£CX TWV 7rO:Ywv cruvi)8w~ OE:V &'V,tfLETW7rLl:OUV TO 7rp6[3A"'f)fLCX fLE: ,60"Y] xcx8cxp6'T"'f)TCX (Ol.lTE xcxl. 0 Walcher n:aAcxt6TEPCX, Nachrichten von den Eisbergen in Tyrol, BtEW"'f) 1773). 'E/;O:AAOU f1.7rOpEi: &pCXyE xcxvd~ veX OEX,Ei: fLE: euxoALCX OTt 01.

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"Av 8EXToufLE CXU,O TO ox.'tjfLCX, Ot 1a1:0ptXE~ cruvE1tELE~ ELVCXt OAocpeivEpe~. ME: fLEYO:A~ n:eptEpYE!.CX OLCX7rtO"1:WVOUfLE on fLE: TI]v Tt:tf)a.VYj eXvCXf)Ep[LCXVtTIJ T&V "AA7rEWV, yUpw crTeX 1300, YEPfLCXVOr. &1tOlXOl E:yxCXTIXG1:cYJ1Y)xct'J crTL,; 11:0AU ~"'f)AE~ (30UVOTI:AOCYtEe;, V6TtCX ,au M6V1:E P6l:CX.209 ' AAAeX xocl. on aE: &veiAOYE~ cruV8'tjXE~, yUpw O"TeX 1900 xcxl. xup[w~ G'e.: TEAEU,cxi:CX dxoat Xp6VtIX, O"Y]fLEtwElY)xe fLte.: fLE,CXX[vy)o"y] TWV i1:OCA&V XWptx&v TWV 6petvwv 7rEPWXWV 1tpOe; u~"'f)A6Tepcx O"Y]fLei:cx TWV "AA71:eWV XCX~ ,WV [3opdwv ' ATI:EWLVWV, 07rWe; yte.: 1tCXp0:3EtYfLcx crTl~ , A1touIXvE:e; "AAn:Et~ xcxl O"TI] Be.:A BEV6a1:cx, 071:0U EyxCXTCXO",o:El"'f)xcxv fLOVtfLCX &v6pwn:m 8"'f)fLto1)PYWVTCX~ VECX xwPLei, O"E: u~6fLeTpo eXVeifLEO"CX O"E: 1.500 xcxl2.000 fL., a~ AEy6fLEV~ l:wv~ TWV Stavoli t.Abitezioni di mezza stagione21O).

KeiTt &.xOfLY): &'.1 oeXTOUfLe OTt 01 Un:Of)Eo"Et~ [Loce; dvcxt O"waTE:e; xocl. on yupw a,e.: 1600 cruvE[3"'f) 1tpeiYfLIXTt fLteX ocu/;"'f)cnJ TWV (3poX07rTWaEWV XIXl. TOU ljiuxoue;, T6TE fL1topouf1.e veX E/;Y)y7)O"oufLe Tr.e; 7rcxywVtE:e; n:ou XIXTEo"Tpe~cxv Tl.C; E:AtE:e;211 xcxl. 1:1.e;

&7tCXVW,e:e; 71:Ay)fLfLuPE~ 71:01'1 eXcpo:vtacxv 1:ie; a03EtE:~ TYj~ TocrxeivY)~ TO 1585 xcxi TO 1590, xcxf)wc; E:7rLO""'f)C; xcxl. TIjv Emi:xTcxcnJ TWV E:AWOWV EXTo:aewv xcxl. Xa.Te.: cruVE1tEt1X TYj~ E:AOvoa[CXe;, 8"'f)AIXOYj YEVtXe.: TIjv E:71:tOdvwcnJ TWV cruvfuJxwv OtCX(3LWO"Y]C; TWV .xvElpW1twv. To xmvwvLXo oP6:fLcx TYje; 71:dV1XC; 71:0U XUPLCXpxouaE O"Te.: TEAY) TOU 1601.; 1Xiwvcx rawe; veX EXEt Tl.C; 71:P1XYfL1XTtXEe; ,au p[l:ec; aTI]v &'7rOPpu6fLtO""'l), fLtXP'tj.:; xAlfLa.X1Xe; &x6fL"'f), TWV &T[LOO"cpCXtptXWV cruv6~xwv. rVWptt;;oufLE 71:0AU xaAe.: fLE: 71:60""'1) aUVEO""'f) 71:PE71:Et veX XEtptcrToufLE fLte.: ,ETOtCX &7tO~~, &AAe.: 6<pdAoufLe veX TIj 8tCXTU71:WO"OUfLE. LXEnxe.: [L€:: TO oP6:fLCX TYj.:; 71:dv1X':; aTe.: TEA"Y) ,au 16°1.> cxtwvcx OE:V fLiXc; AE[71:0UV E:/;~y7)o"Et':; OUTe O"'f)fLOYP1XCPtX'tj~ Ot.lTE oi.xoVOfLtx'tj~ cpuaEWe;. TL71:0TE OfLw,:; 8€::v fLiXe; Ot1X[3e(3CXtWvEt OTt TO XA[[LCX 8€::v E71:lXt/;E TO 3txo TOU POAO xcxl. (ht 8E:v a71:0TEAEi: EV YEveL EVlXv fLeTcx(3AY)TO 71:CXpeiYOVT1X O"TI]v tcrTOpLCX. AUTO dV1Xt 1tOAU oucrxOAO va 71:poaotoptO"1:e:i:. MEptXe.: YEyov6Ta. 1tO:VTW~ 1:0 OcLXVOUV &.pXETeX Xa.Aei.212

Tov 16° cx.tWVCX O""'fJfLEtw6~X1XV n:OAA€:':; 71:A"Y)fLfLUpEe; O"TO Ae:XIXV01tEOtO TOU POOOC'.IOU: TOV 'IoDAto -r oii 1501 0 POOCXVOC; 1tA"Y)fLfLUptO"e: O"TI] Auov' TO 1522 71:A"Y)fLfLuptae: o 'APVT,£':;- TO <PE(3pOUeipto TOU 1524 bN,peXx XIX1. 0 'Il:Ep' TOV AliyouaTo 1:0U 1525 7teiAt 6 'Il:Ep' TOV 'OXTw(3pW TOU 1544 6 Zt€::p a~ BtEV' TO N OEfL(3ptO TOU 1544 0 POOIXVOe; X1Xl. 6 NTupeive;' 0",1.e; 9 Le:1t,EfL(3P[ou TOU 1557 b POOIXVO~ a~v 'A(3tvt6v' aTl.c; 25 AUYOUcrTOU 1566 b NTUpeXvC; X1Xl. (:; Poocxvo~ 71:A"'f)fLfLuptaocv TIjv 71:EptOX7J TYjc;

, A(3tvtov' crT1.e; 2 L'lExe:fL(3P[ou 1570 0 Pooocvoc; CPOUcrxWO"E, xup[wc; aTo ut\;o.:; ,'tjc; Au6v, ,POfLOCXTtXO:, oao 7tOT€:: &AAOTE TI]v E1tOXYj Exdv"'f)' TO 1571 <poucrxwaE 71:eiA~ (:; Poocxv6.:;· ,0 LOta cruvE(3~ TOV 'OXTW(3pW 1:0U 1573 (71:A~fLfLUplX TOU M7twxcx[p)' TO LE1t,EfLf3pto TOU 1579 7tA"Y)fLfLupLO"e: 6 'I1.:€:p (aTI]v rxpe:v6fL7rA)' aT1.e; 26 AuyouaTOU 1580 71:A7JfLfLup~aE 0 P08cxvoc; aTI]v 'A(3tvL6v' TO 1578 7tA"Y)fLfLupLO"E (:; P08cxVO~ (crT7jV "ApA) XIXL TeX VEpeX crxE1tlXaOCV EV1X fLEpO':; TOU KeiTW ACXVYXEVTOX eX71:0 TOV 'OXTW(3pW EWe; 1:0'.1 <Pe:[3poueipw' 1:0 1579 O""'I)fLELW87JXE 71:A"Y)fLfLuPCX aTI]v "APA' TO

1580 1tA"'f)fLfLupoc a,~v"ApA (xoc1. AEYE:1:lXt (ht, a7r' oao 8ufLoUVTCXV OL &v6pwTC"Ot, 8b dxocv oe:i: n:01:€: TOV Poocxvo 1:oao CPOUcrxWfLEVO' 5 'Icxvouocp[ou 1581 71:A"Y)fLfLDPOC aT7Jv ' A[3tvtov TOU Pooocvou xcx!. TOU NTupeXve; fL€: U1t0xwP7JO""'fJ TWV VEPWV aT!'c; 6 <PE(3pOUCXp£ou· TO 1583 6 POOIXVOC; crxE7tCXaE TYjv K1XfLcXpyx' a,1..:; 18 LE71:TEf1.[3p[ou 1586 0 Poocxvo~ cpoucrxwaE a'7Jv 'A[3LVt6v' crT!.C; 6 Noe:fL(3P[ou 1588 cpoucrxwaE 0 ZLEp" TO 1590 '.lEO XOCT1XcrTPO<ptXO cpoucrxwfLcx TOU 71:0TCXfLOU aTI]v ' A(3LVt6v ...

Te.: O"TOLXe:r:1X IXU,eX fLa~ 3[vouv TIjv EVTU7tWo"y] O,L fLE: TO TEAO':; TOU CXLWV1X cnJfLEtw8"Y)XE: fLLe.: E:moeLvwO""'l). 'AAAO:, XOCTeX ~ OLX1j fLcxe; &1t0~"'f), oi. 1tA~fLfLupe:e; TOU

206 II clima sulle Alpi ha mutato in eta storica?, M7tOA6v~", 1937.

207 HANS HANKE, o-ro Frankfurter Zeitschrift, 23 '1",vouo<,o£ou 1943.

208 B. Pl.AETSCHKE, «Der Riickgang der Gletscher im Kaukasus», cr-ro Pet. Mitteilungen, 1937. 209 N. KREBS, cr-ro Geogr. Zeitsch., 1937, cr. 343.

210 M. PFALZ, cr-ro Geogr. Zeitsch., 1931. T-Yjv rOLO< n:c<,oc<Tfjp"Y)CD) Xa:VEL xd 0 DENlJER, cr-ro Ann. de Geogr., 1916, cr. 359: Zxx_epcrwCD) TIjc;"ric; crTOC n:oAt. tJi7)AOC X_WPLOC TWV 6.ELVC<PLXWV "AA71:Ewv.

2IJ EJV"Y)fJLP.OTI')T<X TWV SA"'LWV cr."..ryv TI,oal3''l-(XLC< Myw 'GXu,oau p.,crT,ociA, 1507, 1564, 1599, 1600, 1603,1621-1622. P. GEORGE, o.rr., cr. 394. '0 RENE BA£HREL, Une croissance: Ia Basse-Provence rurale

(fin du xvr siecle·17S9), 1961, cr. 123, fLCic; a£vE' OL"',!,O,oETtXE:C; x,oovoAoyLEC;. K<XT' ac,j.".ov «at )'_ELP.WVEe; TWV fLEya:AWV xGtTc<cr-r,oa'!'wv)) Y'& Tee; SALE:e; -ry-racv: 1570,1594,1603,1621,1638,1658,1680, 1695, 1709, 1745, 1748, 1766, 1768, 1775, 1789. I:TIj BEpovac, -ro 1549, "per i1 gran freddo si secsrrono quasi tutti gJ'oIivl; Ie vite e altri elberi»; LODOVICO MOSCARDO, o.7r., cr. 416. I:TO TIE1C'E CDVT, n:e:p. TIjc; Kac,oxaccrov) TO 1587, AOYW -rou x_tOVWU 1Ca:ywcracv o] SAute;, J. Cl;NNAC, Histoire de Pepieux, TOUAOl.J1:"Y) 1944, cr. 73. LTIjv Tocrxa:v"Y) oi SAtE'; 71:a:ywcracv TO 1594, G. MECATfJ, Storia cronologica ... , II, cr. 790.

212 T& 71:Gt,oexxCt,W cr-rm)'_E;:ac EX_ouv A"y),!,6e:r: ci1CO TO\! MALRICE CHAMPION, Les inondations en France, 1861, III, cr. 212 xL

o POA02: TOY TIEPlryPOY

H MEL:OrEIOL: D2: (f>YL:IKH ENOTHT A: KAIMA KAI 12:TOPIA

POOa.VOU OEV Xa.Ta.yp&<pouv awcrTOc. T~e; tLETa.(3oAEe; TCOll U<pLcrTa.TO TO tLEaoye:LIXXO xALtLOC. na.p' (lAOC wJ-ra:., <pCdVETa.1. (lTL aUfL<pwva. fL€: T1.o; tL<Xf'TUp£ee; TIje; ETCOx-Yje; of. (3poxoTCTwaELe; a.ui;1j6)")xocv TI.e; TEAEUTociEC; OEXtX.ETLEC; TOU 16°U a.lWVtX.. LT"~ Hepublique Sequenoise TOU, TO 1592, 0 Louis Gollut ETCLPPLTCTE:L T7Jv EUSUV)") aTI.c; o:nO\1;LAWO"ELe; TWV otX.O"wv nOll oLEvEpyouaa:v ol o"L0"YlPOUpyo~ XtX.L oE OCp:X_OVTEC; nov ~6EAOCV TCEpLaaoTEpOUe; «uTCY)xooue; ... xed <popOUC;)). KtX.!. TCpOa6rhEL (( ••. Eow xal dXOO"LEi;L XPOVLa:, of. (3POXEC; dvaL O"UXVOTEpe:e;, fLEyaAuTEp)")e; oLapxELac; xa:l. TC1.O OUVtX.TEC; ... ». 213 AUTO ro:x_ue: YLOc. T7Jv TCEPLO:x_-Ij TOU NTOA. 'AAAOc. xed crTO A'Li; -ro 1599-1600 6 Du Haitze yp&<pEL aT7J :X_E1.pOypOC<p)") i.crTopLa -rOU:214 «TO xpUO xocl. TOc. :X_1.OVLa.1j-rOCV oc1.a6)")-rOc. fLE:X_PL TO TEAOe; 'IouvLou, xa.l. fLETOc. OEV e(3pEi;E fLE:X_PL -ro D..EXEfL(3pLO. Ka.1. TOTe: 1jp6ocv -roao ouvaTEe; (3pOXEe; TCOll Yj y-Yj etLma:i:;;E vOc. nv(YETa.L». LT7JV KaAtX.(3pLa mx.AL, aUfL<pwva: fLE T7J AEy6fLEV)") nerrszione -rOU Campanella: «ed entrando J'anno 1599, venne nova, che in Roma prodigiosamente aveva inondato il Tevere, e non sipotettero celebrar le feste di natale, e in Lombardia ii Po: e in 5t110 (TOTCOSEO"La: aT7Jv Ka:Aa:(3pLtX.) non si poteran celebrer, la Simana Santa, gli ufficii divini per Ie moite gran piogge che aiiagavano tulle le chiese)}.215 M6ALe; E<pTaVE xavdc; Oc:rco T-Ij <DEpp&ptX., TCOV vOc. dXE oei TI.e; TCA"YJfLtLupEe; TOU TL(3Ep"YJ,z16 OEV XPEL&i:;;OVTtX.V ·dnoTe: TCa.paTCavw crTO (3ouvo yLOc. vOc. ocp:x_[O"ouv VOC tLLAOUV YLOC Sda O")")tLe:i:tX. TeOll OCV1jYYEAAtX.V TO TEAOC; TOU xoO"tL0u._. noao fLCiAAOV TCOll ~ a1.wvtX.c; (3&OLt:E crTO TEAOe; TOU, xed aUT7J Yj mutazione di secolo O:Va.cr-rO:.TWVE xa.1. -roc TeLa ~u:x_paLtLa. xE<p&ALa_ T-Ijv E:TCOfLEV"YJ :X_pOVLo:', TO 1601, 1jpSe: Yj O"e:LPOC TWV BtX.AXtX.VLWV vOc. nvLyOUV O"TOC VEpO:.: oE O"OOELSe; O:<pav[O"T)"jxocv, TOC TCOT&tL1.OC <pouaxwaa.v TCpoi;EvwvTae; xa:TtX.aTpo<pE:c; «OCVO:.AoYEc;n, AEEL tLLOC ex6EO""Yj, «fLE TOU n&oou xa!. TWV fLe:Yo:'AWV nOTatLwv T-Yje; AOfL(3apoLae;n,217 (3pOXEC; Toao DUVtX.TEe;, AEEL p.LOC &AA"YJ EXSEO""Yj, TColl &p:X_Laa:v voc <p0(30UVTa:L «8T1. d:X_E :x_tX.AO:.aEL 6 o:epac;».

AUToc dVtX.L TOC YEYOVOTtX.. T[ O"UfLTeEpaafLtX. 8fLwe; VOC (3y&Ae:1. xa:vde;; "OT1. TO xALfLtX.

T-Yje; MEaoye:[ou&noppu8fLLaT)"jxe: aToc TeA)") TOU 16°U a:twva:; 'Avo:'fLe:aa crTOC Oc.TCOOELXTLXOC aToLxdtX. TeOll ExSEO"tX.fLE xa:!. crTO ao(3ap6TaTo tX.UTO O"UfLTeepa:atLa Yj O:Te6aTtX.- 0""Yj e:LVtX.L Te:pa:.aT1.cx, a.UTO Tepbre:L VOC TO 0fLoAoy-fjGoUfLe:. 'OAOxA)")pOe; ° <pO:.Xe:AOe; TCpEnlEL voc ETea:vlEi;IE-ra:aTd AETeTOfLe:pw~ xa.!. voc EtLTeAOUT1.aTei fLE: O"Uyxe:xPLfLEVCX oe:oofLEva nOll 60c TCpOXU~ouv Oc.TeO T7Jv EPIEUVa.. To TePO(3A)")fLa. TeCXpafLEvEL O:VOLXT6, Oc.AAOC d:x_a:tLe: xpEOe; vOc. TO 8eaoufLe:, TeCXPOTL fLE TO O")")fLe:pLVO ETCLTeIEOO -rwv yvwae:wv fLac; OEV 1jTCXV ouva..ov VOC TO AuaOUtLe:. 'Ei;&AAOU -YJ AUO""Yj TOU OE:V oc<popii fL6vo TOUe; 1crTOPLXOUC;. "Av -Yj OLX-y) fLae; TCpOcrTC&.8e:1.cx EXlXVE crcxcpe:C; ().L sVOe::X_OfLEVWC; EXOUV xed.

a:UTO!. xo:'nota. IEUSLlV"YJ xcxr. XO:.TCOLO A6yo VOC TCOUV YLOC CXUTO TO fiEfLa, 0 XOTCOe; fLCXC; OEv Soc sXe:~ TC&.Z~ Xa:fLEVOC;.

~E:V eXAAa.i;a TLTCOTE we; TCPOC; T-IjV ouatoc TOU TCpO"YJYOUtLEVOU XIE<pa.Aa.tOU, TO OTCoio TO 1947 tL0u dXe: xocr:T£ae:~ t:W"l')p6TCXTEe; EmxpLcrELe;. '0 o:vcxyvwcrT)"je; Boc E:XTCAayd:

OPLcr!J-EVOL fLE: 8e:wp)")O"cxv T6TIE ntX.p&ToAfLO. L' EvtX. TCpoacptX.To &pSpo TOU (1958), 0 Gustav Utterstrorn-!" e:x_e:L T7Jv e:UYEVELCX VOC fLs (3PLaxIEL Oc.VCXOPOfLLXOC &TOAfLo. AUT&' ExEL ~ epe:uvlX, Xa.l dfL{U 0 TIEAEuTaioc; TCOU SOc. TCa:PCXTCOVIE6d.

To O")")fLavTLXO dvcx1. on EOW XOCI. de:xcxTCEVTIE Xp6VLa. -YJ Epe:uva ylipw &TCO tX.UTOC TOc.

XtX.tPLCX TCpO(3A1jfLIXTa O"UVIE:x_[t:e:TCX1.. Kcxl OcpdAOU!J-E vOc. TCoufLe: 8TL aUTO dVtX.L TO crTCOUOCXL6TIEPO. M<1: TlC; xALtLaTOAOYLXe:e; fLIETa(30ASe; OCTCOOIELXVUETOC1. OT1. e:VCXC; !J-'lJ &v6pwmvoc; TCCXPOCYOVTa:e; TCCXLt:IEL TO p6AO TOU xat O1.e:XOLxd T7J 8EO""Yj TOU crTr.<; E:i;)")y-YJO"e:te; fLcxe;, cicxOfL"YJ xa:!. Tle; mo O"Uv)")81.crfLEVIEe;. rLaTl a.U-rE:C; oL !1-IETtX.[30AEe; 61EwPOUVTa.L cr1jfLe:pa Oc.vafLcpLa(3-Y)T)")TIEe;.

LTOV e:UXOAO Sp6fLO TeOU Oc.xoAou8)")crcx cr-r-Ijv TCPWT)") fLOU EPIEUVa. -fLLOC O"UAAOy-IJ OCTCO TCe:PLYPtX.CP~XSC; AETCTOfLEpe:lEC;- dEv EXCXVcx. a:AAo OCTeO TO v&. TCpoa6eaw TCA"YJpOcpOptEe;. To O"UfLnspacrfLa: TCOU (3ya.tvEL dvaL oT1.aT&' TEAY) TOU 16°U a:LWVCX oi. XtX.1.p1.XE:<; O"UvS-Yjxe:c; E:TCL(ktvw8)")xtX.v: O"UvE:x_de; (3pO:X_Ee;, xcxTa:aTpocp1.x.E:<; TCA)")!1-!1-UPEC;, aaullf;8urra xa:~ OUVCXTOC xpucx. LTOC :X_POVLXOC TOU Aoul<; KtX.fLTCpspa VTe: Kop 00(3 CX, liVCX<pEPIETCXt OT1. TO :X_1E~fLwva: TOU 1602-1603 «TOC xputX. xat oi. Tea.ye:TOI. ylEv~xe:uT)"jxtX.v tX.UTO -ro xe:~fLwva 0"' oA6xA"YJp"YJ T-IjV 'IcrTCa:vtcx. ~EV UTCO:.p:X_lEl TCEP1.O:x_-Ij OTCOU 0 x6cr!1-0e; VOC fL-Ijv TCa:PCXTCOVLETCXL YLOC T7J axA"YJp6T)")Ta: TOU XtX.LpOU. 'ATCo -r-YJ Le:(3tAA"YJ xat T1.e; Tt:a:pa.6aAO:.crO"Le:e; TC6AELC;, XUPLW<; (lfLWe; Oc.no T7J LIE(3LAA)"), ypO:.cpouv on 0 TCOTCXtLOe; rOUCXOa:AxL(3lp TCo:'ywae:, TCPo:'YfLtX. TColl bce:~ OEv €I:x_e: O"UfL[3d TCOTE. TL OLCX<pOpOC fLE T7Jv TCe:pcxO"fLE:V"YJ XPOV1.OC TCOU O:X_EOOV OEV un-Yjpi;1E XELfLwvae;_ .. )).219 LT7J BaAEvTcrLcx,220 oi TCCXYIETOI. Oc.AA"YJAooLaOExovTtX.V 0 EVCXC; TOV a:AAO: 1589, 1592, 1594, 1600, 1604. "Ooo Y1.oc Tle; O"UVe::X_Ei:<; j3po:x_ie;, TCA"YJfLfLupe:e;, :X_1.OVOTCTWO"IELe; XtX.r. TOUe; Opa:fLIXTWfLouC; TIjc; O"UVTEAIELCXC; TOU x6afLou, aToc TEA)") TOU 16QI.> cxtwvcx 0[ fLapTUptlEe; dvaL Oc.Te:AdwTIE<; a' OA"YJ T7Jv TCIEPW:x_-Ij T-Yjc; MEO"0YELOU. AUTO o"uVIE:X_tO"T)"jXIE xcxl Oc.PXIETOC :x_pOVLtX. TOV 170 CXLWVCX. 'R TCp6crcpcxT)"j fLIEAET)") TaU Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie fLLAii YLOC Oc.Vo:'AOya: YIEYOVOTCX:

({O PoSavoe; TO 1590, 1595, TO 1603, rO"we; xcx!. TO 1608, 1616 xcxl. 1624, 1jTCXV T6cro TIOAU TCtX.YWtLevoC; TCOU 'ijfLtOVOL, xIXv6vLCX xcx!. x&.pa fLTCopouatX.v vOc. TClEpO:.aouv Oc.TCO TC&VW TOU. LT7J Ma:cracxALcx TO 1595 xat TO 1638 Teo:'YWcrE -YJ 60:.Acxaacx xa:l. ".0

213 Memoires historiques de la Republique sequenoise; Dole 1592, in-f", f3'i3ALO II, xe:<p. XVIII.

214 'AY"'<pEpe:,cxc, &',,0 ,OY CH. DE RIBBE, La Provence au point de vue des bois, des torrents et des inondations avant et spres 1789, 1857, cr. 20.

215 Archivio storico itaIiano, IX, G. 622.

216 E-.o r&o, <5. 624.

217 Francisco de Vera "P~ f3cxcmAEot, Be:ve:,L"', 30 '!OUVLOU 1601, A.N., K. 1677. KW\lCITotV'WOU"oA7J, 3 Xott 4 'IouvLou 1601, aTO row.

218 «Climatic Fluctuations and Population Problems in Early Modern History", <5..-0 Scandinavian Economic History Review, 1955.

219 LUIS CABRERA OF. CORDOBA, ReJaciones de las casas succedidss en fa Corte de Espana desde 1599 haste 1614, cr. 166, Valladolid, 25 'Iot\louClp[ou 1603.

2201. CASTANEDA ALCOYER, Coses envengudes en 1a ciutal y regne de Valencia. Dietario de Mosen Juan Porcar, capellen de San Martin (1589-1629), Mot0PLrt) 1934, 1, cr. 3,4,10,41,71.

333

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1615 1624 221 A" ",\ " 8' "

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'0 [L7Jxcx.vLcrfLOe; TWV f3POX07tTWcrEWV crT7)V Eupwn:7J (xd O"TlJ MEcrOYELO) e:,;cxpTiiTal ci71:0 TlJv n:opde.: n:ou &xoAou80uv 0[ XCXfL7JAe:e; n:LEcrE:Le; TOU 'ATA<XVTLxou, EhE crTO Boppci, cin:o TlJ MciYX7J, TlJ HopELO 8eX.Acxcrcrcx. xe.:!. T7) BCXATLX7) (OAO TO xpovo), EhE crTO N 6TO, eX.71:0 T7)v 'EcrWTE:PlX7) 8ciAe.:crcrcx <xuTlJ T7) <popci, civeX.fLEcrcx. crT1J cp8WOn:WPlv'l] XCXt crT1Jv e:cx.PW7) 1.G7J[LEptCX. ~ufL<PWVCX [LE TO'll Gustav Utterstrom TO'll 16° cx.l.wvcx

e 0 \ ,. .,

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221 E. LE Roy LADUHIE, 5.rr., a. 48.

222 LTO r&D, cr. 46.

223 LTO r&D, a. 39.

22. LTO tOLD, a. 37.

225 B. BENNASSAR, Valladolid au siccle d'or, Ol/lCXX-rOPlx:1] /lLO<.-rPli3-lj. 226 J. CASTANEDA ALCOVER, l5.7r., cr. 222 XO<.1. 324.

227 IGNACIO OLACUE, La decedencie de Espana, 1950, T. IV, ><e:<p. XXV.

228 IGNACIO OlAeUE, "EI paisaje manchego en tiempos de Cervantes» aTo Annales Cervantinos III 1953. " ,

334

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, AyyAte.:, E:vOe; ye:wypeX.cpou, TOU Pierre Pedelaborde.P? xe.:l. Evoe; i.cr·WPLXOU, TOU Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie.231

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229 "Orroroe; 8iAEL 'Va X(xTa.T07CLcrTst yr.a Tt~ 8r.&.<pop~c; [.iSA€TEC; O'~ lXUTOV 1:0V -ro!-,-€ct., Cu; J;exf.\rt)O"s!' Ct7tO -TI)v cXvcxxo[VWa7j "Discussion: post-glacial climatic change», a't'o The quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, ' A7tpD..wc; 1949.

230 Le climet du Bassin Parisien: essai d'une methode rationnelJe de climstologie physique, 1957.

231 "Ex_w =0 \IOU !LOU -r& -rPLOC 1l:epL'fl"lfLO<. iipBpoc, «Histoire et climat», (ITO Annales E.S.c., 1959 «Climat et recoltes aux XVII" et XVIII" siecles», aTO row' xed "Aspect historique de la nouvelle climatologie», CTriJ Revue Historique, 1961.

335


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Ta ~7J-rijP.a.Tcx. 1'ou E:XXPE[J.Ouv EIVcx.L oTCwcro-IJ1'oTE <J7jP.OCVTr.XtX. 'H CPtX<J7j cxu-n, OL-IJPXEcre: &pCXYE 1'oAu; rr.cxTl crT-f)V 1'Epl1'Tw<J7j ocu-n, 0 16°~ CXLWVOCC:; 1'pETCEL va -ijTOCV p.r.a 1'Ep[oooc:; p.e: xpuo xa.l f3POXEc:;. 'AVOCCPEPW, xwptc:; va -n, 8EWPW a1'ooELxTLXO crTOLXELO, fLLa m::pLEpYYJ TCOCpOCT-f)P7J<J7j YLa -n, crTtX8fL7J TOU commune cr-D, BEVETlCX, 07JAOCO-f) YLa -n, [-lE<J7j crTtX8fL7J TWV VEPWV TCOll acp-IJvEL fLLa fLcx.uP"l) YPcx.fLfL-f) cr-n, f3a.<J7j TWV crITLTLWV crTa XCXVtXALcx.:'Evoc TEXfL-IJPW LcrxUpl~ETa.L on -YJ crT&.8fL7J cxu-n, jjTOCV YEvLxa ~7JAa aTIO TO 1560 xcxl xocT6mv ETIt Tpe:l:c:; cruvEXe:"i:c:; CX1.WVEc:;.232 'EeXv -YJ 1'ocpoc-rijp7J<J7j dVCXL crwcr-D, -xcxl E:OW aTCocLTouVTOCL a1'o~di;ELC:; xcxi. e:1'L(3E(3oclW<J7j- 8a efLEvE veX fLtX80UfLE a'll 1] e:m.cptXVELa. TWV ve:pwv -rijc:; AL[-lV08a.Acxcrera.c:; TIjc:; BEVe:Tla.c:; ti;OCPTiiTOCL a1'OXAELcrTLxa Yj 0XL a1'o Ta aTfLoercpocLPLxeX xocTcxxp7JfLvlerfLcxToc xocl DXL a1to To1'LxeX ~EoofLEVOC. ila.VTWC:; e:lVa.L EVOC crTOLXdo TCOU 1'pE1'EL va cruyxpocT-f)eroufLe:.

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232 Correr, D. delle Rose, 20. K",,,w a:n:A-Y) ":\,,,:[c< TOU TE:p6:aTLOu C<UTOU n:po[3A1jfLC<'O'; l<C<l TIj.; ,e:p6:aTLC<C; oxETLx'ijc; [3'[3AWypc<q>[cxc;, -Jjo» n:plv <in:o ~ 0"'lfLoa[e:uCl">j ,au [3'(3ALOU ,au LUIGI CORNARO, Trattato di acque del Magnifico Luigi Cornaro nobile Vinitiano, II6:oa(3<x 1560. To XcxAu,Epa &p6pa y,a: va: l<C<T<XTan:tO"t"e:t 0 <iv<xyvw~ e:tvcx, ,au ROBERTO CESS!, «Evoluziorie storica del problema lagunaren, aTO Atti del convegno per la conservazione e di[esa della laguna e della cilta di Venezia, 14-15 'Iouv[au 1960, (Istituta Veneta), a. 23-64.

233 -O.rr.

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337

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