1)a Calculate the estimated elastic modulus at the age of 20

For a concrete element (cement class N) at the age of 28 days,

(fck) 30 N/mm2
t 40 years => 14600
S 0.25 (Class N)
e 2.71828
βcc (t) 1.270

fcm 38 Mpa
fcm(t) = βcc(t) fcm 48.262

Ecm = 22 [(fcm)/10]^0.3 32.84 kN/mm^2

Ecm(t) = (fcm(t) / fcm)^0.3* Ecm 35.28 Gpa

2)a Determine the expected deformation if the concrete was

lateral elastic deflection 2.5 cm
(fck) N/mm2
t 20 years => 7300
S 0.2 (Class N) page 7 handout 2
e 2.71828
βcc (t) 1.206

fcm 8 Mpa
fcm(t) = βcc(t) fcm 9.651

Ecm = 22 [(fcm)/10]^0.3 20.58 kN/mm^2

Ecm(t) = (fcm(t) / fcm)^0.3* Ecm 21.77 Gpa

Ecm / Ecm(t) 0.945

deformation 2.36 Ecm / Ecm(t)*deflection
answer:
another way 2.36 deflection/(βcc( t))^0.3

3) a Calculate deflection if M0 = 2Mcr and k unracked / k cra

Mcr 1
If M0 /Mcr <1 0.3 3.333 deformation
when M0 /Mcr >1 1.5 so 

k unracked / k cracked 0.5

 Hence 10
uncracked 33
cracked 50.0 100.0

coefficient β 0.5 page 8 haout 2

ς 0.778
answer: δ 88.9 mm

4)a Calculate the maximum value of point P that will lead to c

Eurocode 2). (Material partial safety factors, γm = 1.0)
L 2m
Characteristic cylinder strength fck 70 Mpa
γm
b 300 mm
width 300 mm
σcrack = fctm
if fctm =0,30 fck^(2/3) ≤ C50/60 (in N/mm2)
σ crack 5.10
if Not then fctm=2.12 ln(1+(fcm/10)) > C50/60 (in N/mm2)
fctm 4.61
moment I 675000000 mm^4
y 150
Mcr 22929739.9053 20747131.423
F 11464870 N 6915710.47432
F 11.46 KN 6.92

5) aCalculate the elastic (uncracked) defoδ

P 6000 N
Mean cylinder strength fcm 48 Mpa
fck 40 Mpa
Ecm 35.220
b 300 mm
width 300 mm
L 4m
moment I 675000000 mm^4

K 0.3333 from table

deformation δ 5.38353714E-06
δ 5.4 mm

6) a Calculate the final value of total free shrinkage strai

(t=∞). sides 3
f ck 60 Mpa
 b 150 mm
width 150 mm
humidity 50 % use table page 11
ε ca (un limit ) 0.000125
Ac 22500
u 450 make sure use perimeter of the sides
h0 100 from table Kh =
page 12 handout 2
ε cd0 0.42 Interpolation
ε cd1 0.00042 from page 11 table
ε cd (un limit ) 0.000420
Hence,ε cs 0.000545

7) a calculate the compressive stress in the steel for the comp

section shown in the figure:
shrinkage strain εcs 0.0004
Elastic modulus of concrete 40 KN/mm^2
Elastic modulus of reinforcement 200 KN/mm^2
b 250 mm
width 250 mm
4 steel bar diameter 20 mm
Ac 62500
As 1256
Fcs 100.48 KN
εct 3.652224484E-05
εsc = εcs - εct εsc 0.000363477755
Fs 91.31 KN
S 72.70 N/mm

8)a calculate short‐term deflection at mid span due to a load

0.6 *fyk

L 2400 mm
Neutral axis depth 70 mm
d 250 mm
fyk 500 Mpa
Elastic modulus of reinforcement 200 KN/mm
Xs 180
S 300 MPa
εs 0.0015 N/mm^2
1/r K 8.333333333E-06 mm
from table K (1/12) 0.083
δ 4.0 mm
9)a For the following concrete section, calculate the drying shrinkag
one year 365 days
Characteristic concrete cylinder strength (fck) 80
Relative humidity (RH) 70
table page 11 0.20
εcd,0 0.000195
εcd (t) =β (t, t ) kh* εcd,0 ?
number of sides 4
b 300 mm
width 300 mm
Ac 90000 mm^2
u 1200 mm
h0 150 go to table page 12
kh 0.93 go to table page 12
β (t, t ) 0.83
εcd (t) 0.0001510

10)a For the following concrete section, calculate long‐term t

Characteristic concrete cylinder strength (fck) 80
Relative humidity (RH) 70
(t=∞). sides 4
f ck 80 Mpa
b 300 mm
width 300 mm
humidity 70 % use table page 11
 Ca ()
0.000175
Ac 90000
u 1200 make sure use perimeter of the sides
h0 150 from table Kh =
page 12 handout 2
ε cd0 0.2
ε cd1 0.0002 from page 11 table
 Cd ()
0.000186
Hence,ε cs 0.000361

11)a for following RC column, calculate long‐term deflection

number of sides 4
P 500
t0 10
Characteristic concrete cylinder strength (fck) 40
Elastic modulus of concrete (Ec) 40
 Cement is Class N s 0.25
Relative humidity (RH) 50
b 200
width 200

L 5
Ac 40000
u 800
ho 100
 ( , t 0 )
from table page 15  2.5
0.0125
ε, cc 0.00078125
ε= x/L x 3.91

12)a For the following RC column, calculate long‐term deflec

number of sides
P
t0
Characteristic concrete cylinder strength (fck)
Mean concrete cylinder strength (fcm) at the time of loading
Elastic modulus of concrete (Ec)
Cement is Class N s
Relative humidity (RH)
b
width
L
Ac
u
 ( , t 0 ) h0
from table page 15
K

 K ( , t 0 )
ε, cc
ε= x/L x

13)a For the following concrete cracked section, calculate lo

Characteristic concrete cylinder strength (f ck)
Elastic modulus of concrete (Ecm)
Creep coefficient
Drying shrinkage strain (ε,cd)
Moment of inertia for the cracked section (Icr)
Elastic modulus of reinforcement, Es
First moment of area of the reinforcement for the cracked section (S)
 long‐term total shrinkage curvature (1/r cs ).

14)a For the following RC beam, calculate total long‐term defl

L 3000
Characteristic steel yield strength (f yk ) 500
Elastic modulus of reinforcement, Es 200
Shrinkage curvature at mid span (1/rcs)= 6.00E-06
Long term tension stress in reinforcement at mid 0.5
span due to permanent loads (top Figure) 250
effective depth d 500
Neutral axis depth x 250
(d-x) 250
K 0.104
strain= stress/Es => hence => ε 0.00125
K 5E-06
K total
Total K 1.10E-05

total long‐term deflection at mid span 10.3

17)a Based on Eurocode 2 (2004), calculate


the design flexur
NEW Euro Code 1
Characteristic steel yield strength (fyk) 500
Characteristic concrete cylinder strength (fck) 33
steel bar diameter 20
number of bars 2
b 150
d 210
h 250
S
1.15
C
f yd 1.5
434.78
f Cd
22
As 628
Ac 37500
from Fs=Fc
Fs 273043.48
Fc 3300
Fs 273043.48 (=)
Hence: X= 82.74
lever Arm Z= 168.63
M 46
18)a Based on Eurocode 2 (2004), calculate the predicted (i.e
Characteristic steel yield strength (fyk) 500
Standard deviation for steel yield strength (fyk) 30
Characteristic concrete cylinder strength (fck) 50
Mean concrete cylinder strength (fcm) 58
b 200
d 250
h 250
diameter of bar 25
number of bars 2
As 981.25
X 46.46
lever Arm Z 226.77
M 122

19) a Based on Eurocode 2 (2004), calculate the design flexur


NEW Euro Code 1
Characteristic steel yield strength (fyk) 500
Characteristic concrete cylinder strength (fck) 33
steel bar diameter 22
number of bars 3
b 400
width of top rectangular w 150
cover+half dia 30
d 570
h 600
S
C 1.15
f yd 1.5
434.78
f Cd
22
As 1139.82
Ac 240000
from Fs=Fc
Fs 495573.91
Fc 8800
Fs 495573.91 (=)
Hence: X= 56.32
lever Arm Z= 541.84
M 269

21)a Based on Eurocode 2 (2004), calculate the design flexura


NEW Euro Code 1
Characteristic steel yield strength (fyk) 500
Characteristic concrete cylinder strength (fck) 38
steel bar diameter 32
number of bars 2
b 200
width of top rectangular w 150
cover+half dia 30
d 570
h 600
S
C 1.15
f yd 1.5
fsd = f Cd 434.78
25.3333333333
As 1607.68
Ac 120000
from Fs=Fc
Fs 698991.30
Fc 5066.66666667
Fs 698991.30 (=)
Hence: X= 137.96
lever Arm Z= 501.02
M 350

22)a Based on Eurocode 2 (2004), the flexural capacity of the

Estimate the flexural capacity of the section if the concrete cylinder strength (fcm) becomes 30 MPa.

M 60 KNm
La Z 180 mm
Fs 333.333333333 N
fcm second (lower value) 30
stress block 74.07
half of stress block 37.04
new lever arm 172.96
b 150
d 210
h 300

ANSWER 57.65

27)a Based on Eurocode 2 2004), calculate the design shear c

Characteristic steel yield strength H20 (fyk)
Characteristic concrete cylinder strength (fck)
According to Eurocode, Min shear resistance (VRd,cmin)
b
use slide 30 page 9 (exact formula) d
No link h
number of bars
diameter
As,l
Eq, 6.2 Vrd,c

28)a Based on Eurocode 2 (2004), calculate the design shear c

Characteristic steel yield strength R8 (fyk) = 250
Assume internal lever arm for shear reinforcement (z) 210
cot θ 2.5
Characteristic concrete cylinder strength (fck) 50
Design value of concrete compressive strength (fcd) 33
s 200
use slide 34 page 11 d 8

there is link cot 0

Sin 1

A,sw 50.24
Eq, 6.8 VRd,s 57

29)a Based on Eurocode 2 (2004), calculate the predicted she

Mean steel yield strength H20 (fym)
Characteristic concrete cylinder strength (fck)
Mean concrete cylendrical strength (fcm)
According to Eurocode, Min shear resistance (VRd,cmin)
b
use slide 30 formula d
instead of fck use fcm h
and instead of 0.12 use 0.18 diameter
number of bar
As,l
VRd,s

30)a Based on euro code 2 2004 calculate the predicted shea

Mean steel yield strength R8 (fm) 280
Internal lever arm for shear reinforcement 210
Characteristic concrete cylinder strength (fck) 50
Mean concrete cylendrical strength (fcm) 58
cot θ 2.5
b 200
use fcm instead of fywd d 250
page 11 h 150
s 200
diameter of link 8
cot
 0
Sin
 1
A,sw 50.24
VRd,s 74

31)a Based on Eurocode 2 (2004), calculate the spacing of the

Characteristic steel yield strength R8 (fyk) 500
θ= 21.8 Assume cot θ => 2.5
Characteristic concrete cylinder strength (fck) 50
b 200
d 250
page 11, slide 36 h
diameter of link R8 8
diameter of Bar
number of bar
Asw 50.24
cot  0
Sin
 1
VRd, s = VRd, min 248
Z 225
fywd 435
S 99.1

32)a Based on Eurocode 2 (2004), calculate the minimum me

reinforcement to carry an unfactored shear load of 50 kN (no material partial safety factors).

Mean steel yield strength H20 (fym) 500

VRd,c = P 90
b 200
slide 30, d 250
use fcm instead of fck h 250
diameter of the bar 25
number of the bar 2
Asl 981.25
mean concrete cylinder strength fcm 75
36)a When the following RC section is subjected to the desig
Calculate the strain in the longitudinal reinforcement at this stage:

Ultimate compressive strain in the concrete (ε cu )

Neutral axis depth (x)

for calculating area 2

area 1

area 2

lever arm

Elastic modulus of reinforcement Es

quadratic equ. A
centroyed
neutral axis depth (x)

0.8 X =
top area

bars
bottom flang

37)a Calculate the design bending moment for the following

bending moment.

f yk
f ck
x
y
b
h
bottom flange
top flange
Web
d
y2,
y1
A1
y2
A2
y
Z
Fc
M

38) a For the following RC section, calculate the moment of i

Elastic modulus of concrete Ec

b
d
h
dc
number of bars
diameter
Ec/Es
As
d2
h

d
εs


206
0.85
-0.00385

500 Mpa
33 Mpa
200 mm
160 mm
300 mm
400 mm
30 mm
100 mm
100 mm
370 mm
60 mm
110 mm
30000 mm2
30 mm
6000 mm2
96.67 mm
306.67 mm
673200
KNm

40 KN/mm2
200 KN/mm2
200
250
300
1 assume
2
32
5
1608
100
0.0035
300

30
-30
 b d 8038.400
c 2017638.4

quadratic equ. d1= 107.43 use this one

d2= -188
moment of inertia Icr 24604.82 cm

39)a Calculate the cracking moment of the following section

Elastic modulus of concrete 40 KN/mm2
Elastic modulus of reinforcement 200 KN/mm2
Characteristic concrete cylinder strength (fck) 40 Mpa
b 300 mm
d 550 mm
h 600 mm
bar diameter 32
No of bars 4
area of 1 bar As 803.84
d` 50 mm
depth Nutural Axis 300 mm
x 250 mm
Es/Ec 5
Ig 6404800000
0.3fck^(2/3) =>  Cr 3.51
Mcr 75 KNm

40)a For the following RC section, at the service load of Mser

compressive stress in the concrete (sc) if an elastic concrete stress distribution (linear) is assumed.

Mser 61 KNm
S 0.6f yk 300 Mpa
Characteristic steel yield strength (fyk) 500 Mpa
b 300 mm
d 350 mm
h 400 mm
bar diameter 20 mm
No, bar 2
As 628 mm2
Fs 188400
lever arm Z 324
X 26.22

Ac 11799.36
Fc=Ac* => 15.97 Mpa
41) a For the following RC section, for serviceability limit stat
in concrete and tension stress in reinforcement reach the Eurocode2 (2004) stress limits simultaneously (Assume triangula
stress).

Characteristic steel yield strength (fyk) 500 Mpa

Elastic modulus of reinforcemen Es 200 KN/mm2
Characteristic concrete cylinder strength (fck) 33 Mpa
Elastic modulus of concrete Ec 40 KN/mm2
b 300 mm
d 350 mm
h 0 mm
19.8
S 300
C 0.000495
S 0.002
X 69
Fc 206.23 KN
As 516 mm2

42)a For the following RC section, at the service load, the tens
Characteristic steel yield strength (fyk) 500 Mpa
Elastic modulus of reinforcement= 200 KN/mm2
Neutral axis depth 65 mm
b 200 mm
d 250 mm
h 300 mm
S 0.6f yk 300 Mpa
C 0.0015
X , tension 185

1 C
Curvature K  8.108108108E-06
r X

43)a For the following RC section, at the service load, the ten
(As) if an elastic concrete stress distribution is assumed

Neutral axis depth 65 mm

Characteristic steel yield strength (fyk) 500 Mpa
Elastic Modulus of Reinforcement, Es 200 KN/mm2
Elastic modulus of concrete, Ec 40 KN/mm2
b 200 mm
d 250 mm
h mm
S
 Fc=Fs =>

Characteristic steel yield strength (fyk)

Characteristic concrete cylinder strength (fck)
Elastic modulus of reinforcement

Curvature

Ultimate strain ( c,85)

fcc *
?

Strain at peak stress c,o)=

K
S
S
C

As

44)a For the following RC section subjected to the service loa

b
d
h
bar diameter
No, of Bar
S
0.5fyk
As
Fs
Xc
S
Xs

1 s

r XS

46)a For a confined column, the effective confinement ratio (

Mean concrete cylinder strength (f cm )

47)a For a confined column, the effective confinement ratio

Mean concrete cylinder strength (f cm )
Ultimate strain ( c,85 
W
W
fcc *

 * C ,85

48)a For a confined column, the effective confinement ratio (

K 300 Mpa
0.0015
0.000527027027
21.08 Mpa
457 mm

0.5f ck respectively. Calculate the curvature of the section if triangular concrete stress distribution (elastic) is assumed.

500 Mpa
50 Mpa
200 KN/mm2
200
250

18
2
300
25
508.68 mm2
152604
61.04 mm
0.0015
188.96 mm

7.938255193E-06

35
0.002
0.0035
0.05
39 Mpa

50 Mpa
0.0035
0.05
0.0085
Mean concrete cylinder strength (f cm )= 50 Mpa
Strain at peak stress ( c,o 0.002
Ultimate strain ( c,85)  0.0035
W 0.05
fcc * 56
 *C 0 0.00253125

49)a For the confined column shown below, calculate the vol
confinement ratio W 0.2
The shear link spacing S 200 mm
b 350 mm
width 350 mm
S 0.510
n 0.667
 0.340
W = 0.2
0.2  0.340 w
w 0.59

50) a For the confined column shown below, calculate the re

Volumetric confinement ratio ( )= W 0.5
The shear link spacing (S)= 200 mm
Yield stress of the stirrups (f sy)= 600 Mpa
The concrete cylinder strength (f cc ) 35 Mpa
b 350 mm
width 350 mm
Vc 24500000
Vs 714583.3333333
one side 247.49 mm
As1 989.95
As 299 mm

55) The curvature ductility of an RC column was found to be 5

respectively. Estimate the curvature ductility of the same colu
 85 /  C0 5
 85 = 5  C0
W 0.1
W 0.2

0.02
 C0 0.01
(5  c 0  0.01) 
  C0
(5  c 0  0.01)  15  C0
10
 C0 = 0.001
 85 = 0.005
Curvature Ductility => 25

56)a From section analysis, the following information is prov

Unconfined section
Yield curvature (kyu) 3.50E-05
Ultimate curvature (kuu) 4.50E-05
Confined section
Ultimate curvature (kuc) 2.00E-04
K 5.714285714286

57) a From section analysis, the following information is prov

Yield point
Maximum compressive strain in concrete (ε c ) 0.001
Tension strain in reinforcement (ε s ) 0.0025
Ultimate point
Maximum compressive strain in concrete (ε c )= 0.0035
Tension strain in reinforcement (ε s )= 0.015
b 200
d 400
h 450
Yield point (x/y)=> 0.4
y 286
X 114
Kyeild 8.75E-06

Ultimate point
(x/y)=> 0.23
y 324.32
X 75.68
Kultimate 4.625E-05

Final K 5.3

58 - 59
mu k 25 ax2+bx+c=0
mu displacement 8
a 12
b -37
c 7
delta 32.1403173599764
landa 1 2.88084655666568
landa 2 0.20248677666765
My Kn.m 45
Mult for unconfined 56
Mult for confined 51
us at the age of 20 years (using Eurocode 2).

the concrete was at the age of 10 years

7 handout 2

k unracked / k cracked= 0.4

deformation
10 33
 at this stage is = to Mcr
k unracked < k cracked

that will lead to cracking (according to

fcm
78

N
KN

rinkage straiε
Interpolation
 RH1 RHcd RH2
40 50 60
able page 11 ε1 ε cd0 ε2
0.46 0.42 0.38

er of the sides
1

h01 h0 h02
100 100 200
k1 kh k2
1 1.00 0.85

steel for the composite

span due to a load P.

 the drying shrinkage strain (εcd ) one year after the end of curing.
Mpa Interpolation
% RH1 RHcd RH2
60 70 80
ε1 ε cd0 ε2
0.24 0.20 0.15

Interpolationh01 h0 h02
100 150 200
k1 kh k2
1 0.93 0.85
table page 12
table page 12

culate long‐term total shrinkage strain (ε cs ).

Mpa Interpolation
% RH1 RHcd RH2
60 70 80
ε1 ε cd0 ε2
0.24 0.20 0.15
Interpolation
able page 11 h01 h0 h02
100 150 200
k1 kh k2
er of the sides 1 0.93 0.85
0.93

g‐term deflection due to creep under compressive load P=500 KN a

KN
days
Mpa
KN/mm
 page 7
%

Look table

mm

e long‐term deflection due to creep under compressive load P=1200

4
2000
10 days
50 Mpa
58 Mpa
40 KN/mm
0.25 page 7
50 %
200
200
5m
40000
800
100
2
0.86206897
50
3.71
4.63851457
23.19 mm

ction, calculate long‐term total shrinkage curvature (1/r cs ).

60 Mpa
40 KN/mm^2
 ( , t 0 )
3
3.50E-04
4.00E+09 mm4
200 kN/mm2
5.00E+05 mm3
  Ca ()
0.000125
 CS
4.75E-04
 C.eff
10.00
e
20.00
1.19E-06

otal long‐term deflection at mid span. All loads are permanent

mm
Mpa
kN/mm2

fyk

mm
mm
from table figur 6 , page 6

mm

e the design flexural capacity of the section shown below (using


mat
BASED ON EURO 2004
Mpa Characteristic steel yield strength (fyk)
Mpa Characteristic concrete cylinder strength (fck)
mm steel bar diameter
number of bars
b
d
h
S
C
f yd
f Cd

mm2 As
mm2 Ac
from Fs=Fc
Fs
*X Fc
3300 *X Fc Fs 426630.43
mm Hence: X=
lever Arm Z=
KNm M
e the predicted (i.e. actual) flexural capacity of the section shown be
Mpa
Mpa
Mpa
Mpa

mm

mm2
mm

KN

e the design flexural capacity of the section shown below (using mat

BASED ON EURO 2004
Mpa Characteristic steel yield strength (fyk)
Mpa Characteristic concrete cylinder strength (fck)
mm steel bar diameter
number of bars
b
tf
mm cover
d
h
S
C
f yd
f Cd

mm2 As
mm2 Ac
from Fs=Fc
Fs
*X Fc
8800 *X Fc Fs 330382.61
mm Hence: X=
lever Arm Z=
KNm M

the design flexural capacity of the section shown below (using mate

BASED ON EURO 2004
 Mpa Characteristic steel yield strength (fyk)
Mpa Characteristic concrete cylinder strength (fck)
mm steel bar diameter
number of bars
b
w
mm cover+half dia
d
h
S
C
f yd
f Cd

mm2 As
mm2 Ac
from Fs=Fc
Fs
*X Fc
5066.66667 *X Fc Fs 426630.43
mm Hence: X=
lever Arm Z=
KNm M

ral capacity of the section shown below is 60 kN.m for the concrete
) becomes 30 MPa.

the design shear capacity of the section shown below using materia
 500 Mpa
70 Mpa
3.8 KN
200 mm
240 mm
250 mm
2
20
628 mm2
49.7 KN

the design shear capacity of the section shown below (using materi
Mpa
mm Z=0.9D

Mpa
Mpa
mm
mm

KN

the predicted shear capacity of the section shown below (No mater
500 Mpa
70 Mpa
78 Mpa
4 KN
200 mm
240 mm
250 mm
20
2
628 mm2
77 KN

he predicted shear capacity of the section shown below (No materi

Mpa
mm
 Mpa
Mpa

mm
mm
mm

KN

the spacing of the stirrups (s) to achieve the maximum shear capac
Mpa

Mpa
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

KN
mm

mm

the minimum mean concrete cylinder strength (fcm) so that the sec

Mpa
KN
mm
mm
mm

mm2
Mpa
ected to the design ultimate moment, the neutral axis depth

mm
mm
mm
mm

for the following RC section. Neutral axis depth (x) is equal to 300m

e the moment of inertia of the transformed cracked section (I cr ).

following section (Mcr).

rvice load of Mserv=35 kNm, the tension stress in the reinforcemen

s assumed.

Linear
ceability limit states, calculate the amount of longitual reinforceme
s simultaneously (Assume triangular distribution for concrete

vice load, the tension stress in the reinforcement is equal to 0.6f yk

rvice load, the tension stress in the reinforcement is equal to 0.6f yk

d to the service load, the tension stress in the reinforcement and com
distribution (elastic) is assumed.

onfinement ratio ( ) is 
equal
W to 0.15. Calcul Confined Concr

confinement ratio ( 
) is equal

Wto 0.15. Calculate the ultimate c

onfinement ratio ( Wto 0.3. Calculate the strain at peak

) is equal

 W

w, calculate the volumetric ratio of confinement ( ). The

whole
W c

w, calculate the required cross section area for steel stirrups. The wh

was found to be 5 and 15, for an unconfined section and a section w

y of the same column for the effective confinement ratio ( ) of
nformation is provided. Calculate the curvature ductility for confine

nformation is provided for the section shown below. Calculate the c

mm
mm
mm

mm
mm

mm
mm


curing.

d P=500 KN applied at concrete age t0= 10 days.

 look at the right side

load P=1200 kN applied at concrete age t0= 10 days

/r cs ).
rmanent

w (using material partial safety factors).

0.85
500 Mpa
50 Mpa
25 mm
2
200
250
300
1.15
1.5
434.78
33.3333333
981.25 mm2
60000 mm2

426630.43
5666.66667 *X
(=) 5666.667 *X Fc
75.29 mm
212.36
91 KNm
tion shown below (No material partial safety factors).

w (using material partial safety factors).


0.85 0.85
500 Mpa 500
50 Mpa 50
22 mm 22
2 2
300 b 300
100 100
30 30
370 d 370
400 h 400
S
1.15 C 1.15
1.5 1.5
f yd
434.78 434.78
f Cd
28.3333333 22
759.88 mm2 As 759.88
120000 mm2 Ac 120000
from Fs=Fc
330382.61 Fs ###
8500 *X Fc 6600
(=) 8500 *X Fc Fs 330382.61 (=)
38.87 mm Hence: X= 50.06
350.57 lever Arm Z= 344.97
116 KNm M 114

w (using material partial safety factors).

0.85
 500 Mpa
33 Mpa
25 mm
2
150
100
30
520
550
1.15
1.5
434.78
22
981.25 mm2
82500 mm2

426630.43
3300 *X
(=) 3300 *X Fc
129.28 mm
455.36
194 KNm this is right answers

the concrete cylinder strength (fcm) of 40 Mpa

using material
Shear Design
(using material partial safety factors).

ow (No material partial safety factors).

w (No material partial safety factors).

m shear capacity of the section shown below.

o that the section shown below does not require shear

 section analysis

equal to 300mm when section is subjected to the design

ection (I cr ).
reinforcement is equal to 0.6f yk . Calculate the maximum
 reinforcement (As) for which the maximum compression stress

ual to 0.6f yk . Calculate the curvature of the section

qual to 0.6f yk . Calculate the amount of longitual reinforcement

ment and compression stress in the concrete are 0.6f yk and

nfined Concrete

he ultimate concrete strain for the confined concrete ( c.85 * ).

strain at peak stress for the confined concrete ( c.0 * ).

. The
whole
W column section is confined with an effective

rrups. The whole column section is confined.

nd a section with an effective confinement ratio ( ) of 0.1,

tio ( ) of 0.2. W
y for confined concrete.
Ductility

alculate the curvature ductility for this section.

Mpa
Mpa
mm

mm2
mm2

*X
6600 *X Fc
mm

KNm
ximum
ression stress

einforcement
.6f yk and

ete ( c.85 * ).

c.0 * ).
) of 0.1,