1st level

1. LED Chaser
This Led chaser is built using some very common digital logic circuits. Easy to build, easy to work
with, and looks amazing in the dark. This circuit will light each led in sequence, creating a
moving light illusion.

How it works:

From left to right, the first IC is a binary counter, 74ls163, that is used to generate the address
numbers we are going to use in the second part of the circuit, the demultiplexer 74ls138. This
demux is the core of the circuit, as this IC pulls low the pin selected in the address inputs. Note
that you need an external clock for the counter to work (count).

This is a very simple circuit to build, just take note of the control pins on each IC, since both have
enable inputs for counting or output, but once set you don't need to worry about them. It can
also be extended to 16 leds by using the Q3 output of the counter to control the enable inputs
of a second demultiplexer, or just add a second one to generate a double pattern.
You can find the datasheets for both IC's by following the links:74ls138 | | 74ls163
2nd level
Flashing LED Light
This is a flashing led lights circuit powered from a 12V DC power supply that uses the well known
555 IC. Flashing lights have many and varied applications in life. They are used as warning lights
on highways to increase road safety, as beacons on towers, as advertising signs on shop
windows,and so on.
Mechanically operated flashers have a short life and many of them generate lot of electrical
interference by sparking at the switch contacts. On the other hand, neon lights are power
hungry types.
How does the flashing led lights works
12VDC powered true solid-state circuit of the Jumbo LED flasher presented here is wired around
LM555(IC1). This IC workes as a low frequency oscillator, drives 5 to 10mm sized, 4 to 40 Red
LEDs through a medium power npn transistor 2N2222 (T1).
LM555 IC is configured in a different style by adding a potential divider at its control terminal
(Pin 5) to shift the comparator reference levels either higher or lower than the nominal 1/3, 2/3
levels. User can change the LED flashing rate by adjusting the P1.
LED Flashing Lights Circuit Schematic
Read more: http://electroschematics.com/6208/jumbo-flashing-led-lights/#ixzz1AkASMosV
3rd level:
Mobile Phone detector

This handy mobile bug or cell phone detector, pocket-size mobile transmission detector or
sniffer can sense the presence of an activated mobile cellphone from a distance of one and-a-
half metres. So it can be used to prevent use of mobile phones in examination halls, confidential
rooms, etc. It is also useful for detecting the use of mobile phone for spying and unauthorised
video transmission.
The circuit can detect both the incoming and outgoing calls, SMS and video transmission even if
the mobile phone is kept in the silent mode. The moment the bug detects RF transmission signal
from an activated mobile phone, it starts sounding a beep alarm and the LED blinks. The alarm
continues until the signal transmission ceases.
An ordinary RF detector using tuned LC circuits is not suitable for detecting signals in the GHz
frequency band used in mobile phones. The transmission frequency of mobile phones ranges
from 0.9 to 3 GHz with a wavelength of 3.3 to 10 cm. So a circuit detecting gigahertz signals is
required for a mobile bug.
Here the circuit uses a 0.22μF disk capacitor (C3) to capture the RF signals from the mobile
phone. The lead length of the capacitor is fixed as 18 mm with a spacing of 8 mm between the
leads to get the desired frequency. The disk capacitor along with the leads acts as a small
gigahertz loop antenna to collect the RF signals from the mobile phone.

Read more: http://electroschematics.com/1035/mobile-bug-detector-sniffer/#ixzz1Ak3GRncN
Op-amp IC CA3130 (IC1) is used in the circuit as a current-to-voltage converter with capacitor C3
connected between its inverting and non-inverting inputs. It is a CMOS version using gate-
protected p-channel MOSFET transistors in the input to provide very high input impedance, very
low input current and very high speed of performance. The output CMOS transistor is capable of
swinging the output voltage to within 10 mV of either supply voltage terminal.
Capacitor C3 in conjunction with the lead inductance acts as a transmission line that intercepts
the signals from the mobile phone. This capacitor creates a field, stores energy and transfers the
stored energy in the form of minute current to the inputs of IC1. This will upset the balanced
input of IC1 and convert the current into the corresponding output voltage.
Capacitor C4 along with high-value resistor R1 keeps the non-inverting input stable for easy
swing of the output to high state. Resistor R2 provides the discharge path for capacitor C4.
Feedback resistor R3 makes the inverting input high when the output becomes high. Capacitor
C5 (47pF) is connected across ‘strobe’ (pin 8) and ‘null’ inputs (pin 1) of IC1 for phase
compensation and gain control to optimise the frequency response.
When the cell phone detector signal is detected by C3, the output of IC1 becomes high and low
alternately according to the frequency of the signal as indicated by LED1. This triggers
monostable timer IC2 through capacitor C7. Capacitor C6 maintains the base bias of transistor
T1 for fast switching action. The low-value timing components R6 and C9 produce very short
time delay to avoid audio nuisance.
Assemble the cell phone detector circuit on a general purpose PCB as compact as possible and
enclose in a small box like junk mobile case. As mentioned earlier, capacitor C3 should have a
lead length of 18 mm with lead spacing of 8 mm. Carefully solder the capacitor in standing
position with equal spacing of the leads. The response can be optimised by trimming the lead
length of C3 for the desired frequency. You may use a short telescopic type antenna.
Use the miniature 12V battery of a remote control and a small buzzer to make the gadget
pocket-size. The unit will give the warning indication if someone uses mobile phone within a
radius of 1.5 meters.

Read more: http://electroschematics.com/1035/mobile-bug-detector-sniffer/#ixzz1Ak3PN5C0