SECTION I: INTRODUCTION TO VALUE EDUCATION

Chapter 1: Understanding Value Education

Value education may seem a vague term to many of us even though we may be hearing about it
frequently. While beginning this foundation course in value education, let us understand what
we are talking about and what its need is, particularly in the context of professional education.
In this course, we are going to clarify certain fundamental issues which are important to all of
us in our life- issues which directly relate to our happiness, our welfare, our aspirations, goals
and success in life. In a sense, value education deals with what is universally valuable to all of
us, what is conducive to our individual and collective happiness and prosperity in a sustainable
way. It enables us to be in harmony within ourselves, with other human beings and with nature
at large. Such an understanding will be vital for the successful conduct of our profession as
well. Let us appreciate the need for such an input more elaborately in the following section.

Need for Value Education

All of us consider something or the other to be valuable. We set our goals, our aims on this
basis, and then set out achieving them. While the need for determining what is valuable to us
may seem evident, let us investigate into this a little more to understand the need for value
education.

Correct identification of our aspirations

All human beings have aspirations. You may aspire to become a doctor or engineer or a
lawyer or something else. You must have made plans for your future, be it immediate or
long term. The planning may include your personal life, your family, your profession, your
participation in the society and other such domains. But before you invest your energies to
actualize your plans, it is important that you find out what you basically aspire for. Thus
you need to identify your basic aspiration. Based on the correct identification of this basic
aspiration, you can frame your goals and sub-goals.

Understanding universal human values to fulfil our aspirations in continuity

Just identifying one’s aspiration is not enough. We need to know how to fulfil our
aspirations, how to go about actualizing our goals. Generally, we tend to pursue our goals in
variety of ways as per our appraisal and our beliefs. We keep on making experiments,
learning from these and accordingly improving our understanding. This is how human
beings have been moving on, right from the primitive Stone Age to the present day world of
modern science and technology. Complete understanding of human values gives us a
definite way to fulfil our aspirations.

The content presented here is part of the book copyrighted to Prof. R R Gaur, Prof. R Sangal
and Prof. G P Bagaria, and being printed by Excel Books, New Delhi. It is the text book for the
course ‘A Foundation Course in Human Values and Professional Ethics’ offered by UPTU.
 Values form the basis for all our actions and activities. Once we have known what is
valuable to us, these values become the basis, the anchor for our actions. We know what we
are doing is right and will lead to the fulfilment of our basic aspiration. Values thus become
the source for our happiness, our success, our fulfilment. Without an appropriate value
framework, we will not be able to decide whether a chosen action is desirable or
undesirable, right or wrong. Hence there is a prime need for correct understanding of the
value domain- Value Education fulfils this need. When we live with the correct
understanding of values, we are happy in continuity, otherwise we feel deprived, frustrated
and unhappy. What are the values that you hold worthy in your life? Have you verified
them? What if we discover that human values can be universal too? If so, then we can be
assured of a happy human society.

Complementarity of values and skills

In the endeavour to fulfil our aspirations, two things are essential:
a) First and foremost, one has to know what really is conducive to human happiness That is
happiness for one and for all and happiness at all times. This is what becomes universally
valuable to human beings. This is the ‘value’ domain, the domain of wisdom. This helps us
to identify and set the right goals and to proceed in the right direction.
b) Secondly, it becomes essential to learn methods and practices to actualize this goal, to
develop the techniques to make this happen in real life, in various dimensions of human
endeavour. This is the domain of ‘skills’.

Thus values and skills have to go hand in hand. There is an essential complementarity
between values and skills for the success of any human endeavour. As students of
technology or management, we have been learning skills. For example, I want to lead a
healthy life. I understand that health is the basic requirement for a human being. I then learn
skills such as knowing what food will keep my body healthy, what physical practices will
keep the body functioning properly, what would be the possible ways to do certain kinds of
work with the body. All these fall under the domain of skills. Thus, both (values and skills)
are important and these are complementary. Only wishing for good health will not help me
keep my body fit and healthy and without having understood the meaning of health, I will
not be able to choose things correctly to keep my body fit and healthy.

Evaluation of our beliefs

In absence of a correct understanding of universal human values, we are driven by our ‘ad-
hoc’ values and beliefs. If we look deep into ourselves, we find that each one of us believes
in certain things and we base our ‘values’ on these beliefs, be it false or true. For example,
someone may believe that “A corporate job is the best kind of job”, “IIT is the best college
to go to”, “Metro cities are the best places to live in”. We can also have beliefs such as “I
want to become a famous person”, “Money will make me happy”, “success is the ultimate
thing, by hook or by crook”, “if I study longer I will have better grades” etc. All of us live
with such beliefs. These beliefs come to us from what we read, see, hear, what our parents
tell us, our friends talk about, what the magazines talk of, what we see on the TV etc. i.e.
there is a whole body of belief system that we live with at any given time and these beliefs
spread out far and wide into all our realms of living. The interesting thing about beliefs is
that they usually change with time and we can trace examples of these by looking at our
The content presented here is part of the book copyrighted to Prof. R R Gaur, Prof. R Sangal
and Prof. G P Bagaria, and being printed by Excel Books, New Delhi. It is the text book for the
course ‘A Foundation Course in Human Values and Professional Ethics’ offered by UPTU.
 lives in the past. We might have thought at one point of time that getting into a good
college is the most important thing and now that may have changed to being able to get a
good job. Once we get into a good job, doing well in that job and earning a lot of money
may be important. Once we have the money, getting into a good position may become
important – i.e. what we believe is important, may keep changing with time. Sometimes,
we may even find ourselves trapped in conflicting beliefs.

Another thing about beliefs is that they are usually not the same for everybody. Beliefs
could be held by a small group or a large group of people but they are not universal. For
example: getting good grades may be important for you, but being able to earn money may
be important for your friends. You may think being environmentally friendly is important,
your friend may think that it is okay to pollute the environment. This is not only true for
ourselves, but largely true for most people around us: the beliefs keep changing from
person to person. What I may believe to be of ‘value’ to me may not be of ‘value’ to your
belief; so when we interact, it may lead to conflicts and unhappiness. We face this problem
today because the conditioned beliefs and values we hold today are usually contradictory,
conflicting and unstable and not based upon the right understanding of values.

Living our lives based only on beliefs will not ensure happiness for us. This is very
important for us to understand. Do we want to live with such shaky beliefs? Or do we want
to know things for sure, for ourselves? We can either blindly follow our beliefs and
assumed values, towards making our choices or we can base our choices upon values which
are based on understanding of reality. What would you prefer?

Technology and Human Values

Technology is only a means to achieve what is considered “valuable” for a human being in
an effective and efficient manner. It is not within the scope of technology to decide what is
valuable. This decision lies outside its scope. It thus becomes important to know correctly
what is valuable. Without this decision, technology can be aimless, directionless and can
therefore be put to any use, either constructive or destructive.

It is thus with the understanding of values that we can decide on technology and its
application. Both the shape and use of technology is decided by values. For example: if we
value the relationship with the environment, we will work to create environment friendly
technologies (the shape of technology) and also put it to right use (use of technology) say,
for the enrichment of environment, replenishment of natural resources etc . Conversely, if
the relationship with the environment is something we do not value, things could be the
other way round.

As students of technology, we will be studying, creating and implementing technologies.

Getting trained on technology without deciding what is valuable, could even prove counter
productive as our technical skills are likely to be misused. Therefore it is essential that we
understand how technology relates to us as individuals and to human society and nature at
large before we attempt to put it into practice.

The content presented here is part of the book copyrighted to Prof. R R Gaur, Prof. R Sangal
and Prof. G P Bagaria, and being printed by Excel Books, New Delhi. It is the text book for the
course ‘A Foundation Course in Human Values and Professional Ethics’ offered by UPTU.
 Thus, there is a need to supplement technical education with value education. This will
enable a human being to decide what is ‘valuable’, what is of ‘value’ to him.

To conclude, Value Education enables us to understand our needs and visualize our goals
correctly and also indicate the direction for their fulfilment. It also helps to remove our
confusions and contradictions and to rightly utilize the technological innovations.

Value Education is a crucial missing link in the present education system which must be
adequately replenished. The present course is an effort in this direction.

Basic Guidelines for Value Education

Now that we have identified the need for value education, let us also visualize certain effective
and widely acceptable guidelines which will enable the introduction of value education in the
present system, effective and widely acceptable. Given below are broad guidelines to decide on
what would qualify as a course on value education:

Universal
Whatever we study as value education has to be universally applicable to all human beings and
be true at all times and all places. In addition, it does not depend on sect, creed, nationality and
gender etc. So it has to deal with universal human values.

Rational
It has to be amenable to reasoning and not based on dogmas or blind beliefs. It cannot be a set
of sermons or Do’s and Don’ts.

Natural and Verifiable

We want to study something that is natural to us. Being natural means, it has to be acceptable in
a natural manner. When we live on the basis of such values that are natural to us, it leads to
fulfilment, leads to our happiness and also be conducive to other people we interact with, as
well as with nature. We also want to verify these values ourselves, i.e. we don’t want to assume
something just because it is being stated here, rather, each one of us will want to verify these to
find out whether they are true for us. This can be done by both checking for validity within
ourselves, as well as something which we can implement in our living and observe its outcome.

All encompassing
Value education is not merely an academic exercise. It is aimed at transforming our
consciousness and living. Hence, it has to permeate into all dimensions of our living, namely,
thought, behaviour, work and understanding/realization; as well as all levels namely individual,
family, society and nature.

Leading to harmony
Finally, value education has to enable us to be in harmony within and in harmony with others.
Hence, when we live on the basis of these values, we start understanding that it will lead to
harmony in us and harmony in our interactions with other humans and the rest of nature.
The content presented here is part of the book copyrighted to Prof. R R Gaur, Prof. R Sangal
and Prof. G P Bagaria, and being printed by Excel Books, New Delhi. It is the text book for the
course ‘A Foundation Course in Human Values and Professional Ethics’ offered by UPTU.
The Content of Value Education
Value of any unit in this existence is its participation in the larger order of which it is a part e. g.
value of a pen is that it can write. Here writing is the participation of the pen in the bigger order
in which pen, paper, human being, all are present. Value of an eye is that it can be used for
seeing. Value of a vegetable plant is that it gives nutrition to animals and humans. What is the
value of a human being?
This question implies what is the participation of a human being in the bigger order? That
bigger order includes human beings, plants, air, water, soil, animals, birds etc. The value of a
human being is the participation of human being in this order. Hence, to understand human
values, we need to study human being along with all that is there in the existence, and the role
of human being in the relationship with each and every unit in the existence.

Scope of study
As mentioned above, any course on value education must include
• All dimensions- thought, behaviour, work & realization, and
• All levels- individual, family, society, nature and existence of human living.

Accordingly, the content of Value Education will be to understand myself, my aspirations, my

happiness; understand the goal of human life comprehensively; understand the other entities in
nature, the innate inter-connectedness, the co-existence in the nature/existence and finally the
role of human being in this nature/existence. Hence, it has to encompass understanding of
harmony at various levels, namely, individual, family, society, nature and existence, and finally,
learning to live in accordance with this understanding by being vigilant to one’s thought
behaviour and work.

The Process of Value Education

The process of value education has to be ascertained before we proceed. In this course various
aspects facilitating the understanding of human values will be presented as proposals. You need
to verify these proposals for yourselves. Let us see how we can verify these proposals.

 We will verify these proposals through self-exploration. We shall investigate into these
proposals and try to verify within us.
 This self-exploration will be done on the basis of whether the proposals are acceptable to
us in a natural manner – i.e. they need to be naturally acceptable to us. We shall explore
this concept further in the next chapter.
 Self-exploration will also include verifying the proposals through experiential validation,
i.e. by living according to them. Experiential validation will ascertain that when we live
our life on the basis of this education, our living will be fulfilling to us as well our
surroundings.
 Since the process is of self-exploration, and not of giving sermons or prescribing dos and
don’ts, you need not agree to all that is said, but only investigate into them sincerely. We
don't want to just theorize and impose stated truths.

The content presented here is part of the book copyrighted to Prof. R R Gaur, Prof. R Sangal
and Prof. G P Bagaria, and being printed by Excel Books, New Delhi. It is the text book for the
course ‘A Foundation Course in Human Values and Professional Ethics’ offered by UPTU.
  This process of self-exploration has to be in the form of a dialogue, a dialogue between the
presenter [teachers] and the receiver [students] to begin with; and slowly to translate into a
dialogue within the receiver [students/the reader] himself/herself. Each one of us can
conduct this verification within our self.
 This process is expected to initiate a transformation in our understanding, in our
consciousness and our living.

This process of self-verification needs to be applied to all the proposals. In this way, we will
proceed forward, one proposal at a time. Life is a laboratory and we will work on the proposals
and verify their truthfulness in ourselves and in our living.

Thus to conclude, whatever is said in the course is to be taken as a proposal to be investigated

and verified. This course is not about giving sermons or prescribing dos and don’ts, but
facilitating the student to be able to be authentic about himself/ herself through self-exploration.

Summary

Value education is required to correctly identify our basic aspiration, understand the values
that enable us to fulfil our basic aspiration, ensure complementarity of values and skills,
properly evaluate our beliefs that we tend to form due to lack of right understanding of
values and rightly develop or utilize technology to play its role in our life.

Any course content on value education needs to be universal, rational, natural, verifiable,
all- encompassing and leading to harmony.

Value of any unit in this existence is its participation in the larger order of which it is a part.

The content of value education will include all dimensions of a human being and all
dimensions of one’s living.

The process of value education is self-exploration which includes two things: verification at
the level of natural acceptance and experiential validation in living.

The content presented here is part of the book copyrighted to Prof. R R Gaur, Prof. R Sangal
and Prof. G P Bagaria, and being printed by Excel Books, New Delhi. It is the text book for the
course ‘A Foundation Course in Human Values and Professional Ethics’ offered by UPTU.