Student Information System

STUDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

1. LIST OF FIGURES

 USECASE DIAGRAM FOR ADMIN

 USECASE DIAGRAM FOR STUDENT

 CLASS DIAGRAM

 SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS

 COLLABORATION DIAGRAMS

 COMPONENT DIAGRAM

 DEPLOYMENT DIAGRAM

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2. ABSTRACT

The mission of the Student Information System project is to create an integrated

information technology environment for students, HOD , faculty, Staff and administration. Our
goal is to focus on customers, services and integration for end users.

Student Information System Web-based self-service environment for students ,

prospective students, and employees; an administrative transaction processing environment for
university staff to conduct day-to -day business; an information environment for all levels of
faculty and staff to do reporting, data extraction, and information analysis.

A student information system (SIS) is a software application for educational

establishments to manage student data. Student information systems provide capabilities for
entering student test and other assessment scores, building student schedules, tracking student
attendance, and managing many other student-related data needs in a school, college or
university

Our easy-to-use, integrated College administration applications are proven to reduce time
spent on administrative tasks so you can concentrate on raising student achievement. Student
Information System have to accept, process and generate reports accurately and any point of time
any user can get the student information

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3. INTRODUCTION

3.1 BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE SYSTEM:

Student Information System Web-based self-service environment for students ,

prospective students, and employees; an administrative transaction processing environment for
university staff to conduct day-to -day business; an information environment for all levels of
faculty and staff to do reporting, data extraction, and information analysis.

A student information system (SIS) is a software application for educational

establishments to manage student data. Student information systems provide capabilities for
entering student test and other assessment scores, building student schedules, tracking student
attendance, and managing many other student-related data needs in a school, college or
university

The mission of the Student Information System project is to create an integrated

information technology environment for students, HOD , faculty, Staff and administration. Our
goal is to focus on customers, services and integration for end users.

Our easy-to-use, integrated College administration applications are proven to reduce time
spent on administrative tasks so you can concentrate on raising student achievement. Student
Information System have to accept, process and generate reports accurately and any point of time
any user can get the student information

3.2 ADVANTAGES
Student Information System (SIS) Vision:

 Provide better services to students, faculty, staff, prospective students, administration,

etc.

 Provide meaningful, consistent, and timely data and information to end users.

 Promote vision of senior management to address opportunities for change.

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 Update technology infrastructure for more effective and flexible delivery of new systems.

 Promote efficiencies by converting paper processes to electronic form.

4. MOTIVATION

The mission of the student information system project is to create an integrated

information technology environment student, HOD, faculty, staff and administration. Our goal is
to focus on customers, services and integration for end users.

5. PROBLEMSTATEMENT
 Effective for Administration purpose
 Cheap
 Better Service

6. PROBLEM OBJECTIVES
 Improve operational & Streamlining operations
 Maintain student’s database
 Maintain global standards
 Reduce Manpower
 Accuracy
 Better service
 Improved management and control
 Neat formatted report

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7. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

7.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

 Language -j2sdk1.5
 J2ee technologies - Servlets
 Front End - Html
 Back End - Oracle 10g
 Platform -Windows XP
 Application server -Tomcat 6.0

7.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

 Processor -Intel Pentium iv
 RAM -32 GB
 Hard Disk -1 GB
 Key Board -101 keys
 Mouse -Any pointing device

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8. DESIGN

8.1 DESIGN OVERVIEW:

 Functional design
 Input design
 Output design

8.2 DESIGN DESCRIPTION:

Functional design:

MODULE-ONE: LOGIN AS ADMINISTRATOR

In this module when the administrator will enter his user name and password , then he will
enter
in to the administrator page and this page consists of two following sub modules
 SUBMODULE – ONE: ADD STUDENT
When the administrator clicks this link then a student registration form will appear. In
this registration form the administrator of the college/university/institute will enter the
details of the students who are pursuing their education. The students detail like student
id , student name , password, father name, date of birth, nationality, address, city ,
country , mobile no, N.I.C , Email etc.
 SUBMODULE – TWO: DELETE STUDENT
The administrator can delete the whole student information by clicking this link. By
providing the user id of the student , the student information can be delete.

MODULE – TWO: LOGIN AS STUDENT

In this module when a student enter his student id and password , then he can visit all the
following pages
1. Message:
This sub module consists of two sub modules
1.1 Inbox: By clicking this link the student can see all the received messages from his friend
1.2 Compose: If the student wants to send message then he can do by clicking this link
2. Attendance :

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When the student click this one , the student can get all his attendance ( present and absent)
by subject wise like no of present and absent in operating system class ,in java class.
3. Profile :
When the student clicks this link he/she will get his/her profile. He will get information like
student id , student name, password, father name ,Date of birth, nationality, city, address,
country, phone no, mobile no, N.I.C , Email. If he wants then he can change the profile

4. Results:
When a student go through this , he will get the results in all the subjects. How much Grade
point he secure out of 100 he can know .

5. Time Table
When the student clicks this link then he will get all the information that on which day which
room which class will be held at which time.
6. Fee
When he will click this link then he can get all the fees structure semester wise and annual fee
7. Library
When he will click this link then he can the information like on which date he issued the
book and on which date he returned the book and fines

INPUT DESIGN:
Input design is a part of overall system design. The main objective during the input designing is
as given below:
 To produce a cost-effective method of input.
 To achieve the highest possible level of accuracy.
 To ensure that the input is acceptable and understood by the user.

OUTPUT DESIGN

Outputs from computer systems are required primarily to communicate the results of
processing to users. They are also used to provides a copy of the fine receipt. The various
types of outputs in general are:

 .External Outputs, whose destination is outside the helpdesk system.

 .Internal Outputs whose destination is with in helpdesk and they are
the user’s main interface with the computer.
 operational outputs whose use is purely with in the computer department.
 .Interface outputs, which involve the user in communicating directly with
the helpdesk online project

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8.3 UML DIAGRAMS:

A use case illustrates a unit of functionality provided by the system. The main purpose of
the use-case diagram is to help development teams visualize the functional requirements of a
system, including the relationship of "actors" (human beings who will interact with the system)
to essential processes, as well as the relationships among different use cases.
To show a use case on a use-case diagram, you draw an oval in the middle of the diagram
and put the name of the use case in the center of, or below, the oval. To draw an actor (indicating
a system user) on a use-case diagram, you draw a stick person to the left or right of your diagram

USECASE DIAGRAM:

For administrator:

Admin Login

Add student

Data Base
Admin
Delete student

Update student Records

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For student:

Student login

Messages

Attendance

Profile

Data base
Student Results

Timetable

Fee

Library

Log out

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CLASS DIAGRAM:

The class diagram shows how the different entities (people, things, and data) relate to
each other; in other words, it shows the static structures of the system. A class is depicted on the
class diagram as a rectangle with three horizontal sections. The upper section shows the class's
name; the middle section contains the class's attributes; and the lower section contains the class's
operations (or "methods").

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SEQUENCE DIAGRAM:

Sequence diagrams show a detailed flow for a specific use case or even just part of a
specific use case. They are almost self explanatory; they show the calls between the different
objects in their sequence and can show, at a detailed level, different calls to different objects.

A sequence diagram has two dimensions: The vertical dimension shows the sequence of
messages/calls in the time order that they occur; the horizontal dimension shows the object
instances to which the messages are sent.

For validity:

Admin/Student Validation Database

1 : Request for validity()

2 : Check for validity()

3 : Validate()

4 : Successful validate()

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COLLABORATION DIAGRAM:

UML Collaboration diagrams illustrate the relationship and interaction between software
objects. They require use cases, system operation contracts, and domain model to already exist.
The collaboration diagram illustrates messages being sent between classes and objects
(instances). A diagram is created for each system operation that relates to the current
development cycle (iteration).

When creating collaboration diagrams, patterns are used to justify relationships. Patterns
are best principles for assigning responsibilities to objects and are described further in the section
on patterns. There are two main types of patterns used for assigning responsibilities which are
evaluative patterns and driving patterns.

Each system operation initiates a collaboration diagram. Therefore, there is a

collaboration diagram for every system operation.

Database 3 : Validate()

2 : Check for validity()

Validation

1 : Request for validity()

Admin/Student
4 : Successful validate()

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SEQUENCE DIAGRAM:

For administrator:

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Admin Login ReqAddStudent ReqUpdateStudent Database

1 : Enter credentials for login()

2 : Check for validity()

3 : Valid user()

4 : Successful login()
5 : Enter details for adding a student()

6 : Add()

7 : Successful()

8 : successfully added()

9 : Enter credentials for update student records()

10 : Update()

11 : Successful()

12 : Successfully Updated()

COLLABORATION DIAGRAM:

For administrator:

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Database
3 : Valid user()

10 : Update()
6 : Add() 11 : Successful() 2 : Check for validity()
Login
1 : Enter credentials for login()
ReqUpdateStudent
7 : Successful()
4 : Successful login()
12 : Successfully Updated()
ReqAddStudent

9 : Enter credentials for update student records()

8 : successfully added()

5 : Enter details for adding a student() Admin

SEQUENCE DIAGRAM:

For student:

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Student Login ReqViewProfile ReqViewDetails Database

1 : Enter credentials for login()

2 : Check for validity()

3 : Valid()

4 : Valid login()
5 : Req for view profile()

6 : Request()

7 : Set details()
8 : Get the details()
9 : Req for view details()

10 : Request()

11 : Set details()

12 : Get details()

COLLABORATION DIAGRAM:

Collaboration diagram for student:

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Database
3 : Valid()

10 : Request()
2 : Check for validity()
11 : Set details()
7 : Set details()
1 : Enter credentials for login() Login
ReqViewDetails
6 : Request()
4 : Valid login()

9 : Req for view details()

ReqViewProfile
12 : Get details()

5 : Req for view profile()

8 : Get the details()

Student

COMPONENT DIAGRAM:

A component diagram provides a physical view of the system. Its purpose is to show the
dependencies that the software has on the other software components (e.g., software libraries) in
the system. The diagram can be shown at a very high level, with just the large-grain components,
or it can be shown at the component package level.

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DEPLOYMENT DIAGRAM:

The deployment diagram shows how a system will be physically deployed in the
hardware environment. Its purpose is to show where the different components of the system will
physically run and how they will communicate with each other. Since the diagram models the
physical runtime, a system's production staff will make considerable use of this diagram.

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The notation in a deployment diagram includes the notation elements used in a

component diagram, with a couple of additions, including the concept of a node. A node
represents either a physical machine or a virtual machine node. To model a node, simply draw a
three-dimensional cube with the name of the node at the top of the cube. Use the naming
convention used in sequence diagrams: [instance name] : [instance type]

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9. IMPLEMENTATION

FRONT END TOOL

About Java:
Features of The Language Used:

In my project, I have chosen Java language for developing the code.

About Java

Initially the language was called as “oak” but it was renamed as “Java” in 1995. The
primary motivation of this language was the need for a platform-independent (i.e., architecture
neutral) language that could be used to create software to be embedded in various consumer
electronic devices.

 Java is a programmer’s language.

 Java is cohesive and consistent.

 Except for those constraints imposed by the Internet environment, Java gives the
programmer, full control.

 Finally, Java is to Internet programming where C was to system programming.

Importance of Java to the Internet

Java has had a profound effect on the Internet. This is because; Java expands the
Universe of objects that can move about freely in Cyberspace. In a network, two categories of
objects are transmitted between the Server and the Personal computer. They are: Passive
information and Dynamic active programs. The Dynamic, Self-executing programs cause serious
problems in the areas of Security and probability. But, Java addresses those concerns and by
doing so, has opened the door to an exciting new form of program called the Applet.
Java can be used to create two types of programs

Applications and Applets: An application is a program that runs on our Computer under
the operating system of that computer. It is more or less like one creating using C or C++. Java’s
ability to create Applets makes it important. An Applet is an application designed to be
transmitted over the Internet and executed by a Java –compatible web browser. An applet is

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actually a tiny Java program, dynamically downloaded across the network, just like an image.
But the difference is, it is an intelligent program, not just a media file. It can react to the user
input and dynamically change.

Features Of Java Security

Every time you that you download a “normal” program, you are risking a viral infection.
Prior to Java, most users did not download executable programs frequently, and those who did
scanned them for viruses prior to execution. Most users still worried about the possibility of
infecting their systems with a virus. In addition, another type of malicious program exists that
must be guarded against. This type of program can gather private information, such as credit card
numbers, bank account balances, and passwords. Java answers both these concerns by providing
a “firewall” between a network application and your computer.

When you use a Java-compatible Web browser, you can safely download Java applets
without fear of virus infection or malicious intent.

Portability

For programs to be dynamically downloaded to all the various types of platforms

connected to the Internet, some means of generating portable executable code is needed .As you
will see, the same mechanism that helps ensure security also helps create portability. Indeed,
Java’s solution to these two problems is both elegant and efficient.

The Byte code

The key that allows the Java to solve the security and portability problems is that the
output of Java compiler is Byte code. Byte code is a highly optimized set of instructions
designed to be executed by the Java run-time system, which is called the Java Virtual Machine
(JVM). That is, in its standard form, the JVM is an interpreter for byte code.

Translating a Java program into byte code helps makes it much easier to run a program in
a wide variety of environments. The reason is, once the run-time package exists for a given
system, any Java program can run on it.

Although Java was designed for interpretation, there is technically nothing about Java
that prevents on-the-fly compilation of byte code into native code. Sun has just completed its Just
In Time (JIT) compiler for byte code. When the JIT compiler is a part of JVM, it compiles byte
code into executable code in real time, on a piece-by-piece, demand basis. It is not possible to
compile an entire Java program into executable code all at once, because Java performs various
run-time checks that can be done only at run time. The JIT compiles code, as it is needed, during
execution.

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Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

Beyond the language, there is the Java virtual machine. The Java virtual machine is an
important element of the Java technology. The virtual machine can be embedded within a web
browser or an operating system. Once a piece of Java code is loaded onto a machine, it is
verified. As part of the loading process, a class loader is invoked and does byte code verification
makes sure that the code that’s has been generated by the compiler will not corrupt the machine
that it’s loaded on. Byte code verification takes place at the end of the compilation process to
make sure that is all accurate and correct. So byte code verification is integral to the compiling
and executing of Java code.

Overall Description:

Java Source Java byte code JavaVM

Java .Class
( Picture showing the development process of JAVA Program)

Java programming uses to produce byte codes and executes them. The first box indicates
that the Java source code is located in a. Java file that is processed with a Java compiler called
javac. The Java compiler produces a file called a. class file, which contains the byte code. The.
Class file is then loaded across the network or loaded locally on your machine into the execution
environment is the Java virtual machine, which interprets and executes the byte code.

Java Architecture

Java architecture provides a portable, robust, high performing environment for development. Java
provides portability by compiling the byte codes for the Java Virtual Machine, which is then interpreted
on each platform by the run-time environment. Java is a dynamic system, able to load code when needed
from a machine in the same room or across the planet.

Compilation of code

When you compile the code, the Java compiler creates machine code (called byte code) for a
hypothetical machine called Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The JVM is supposed to execute the byte code.
The JVM is created for overcoming the issue of portability. The code is written and compiled for one
machine and interpreted on all machines. This machine is called Java Virtual Machine.

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Compiling and interpreting Java Source Code

Java
PC Compiler Interpreter
Java (PC)
Source
Code Byte code
………..
……….. Macintosh Java
Compiler Interpreter
(Platform (Macintosh)
……….. Indepen
dent)

SPARC
………… Java
Compiler Interpreter
(Spare)

During run-time the Java interpreter tricks the byte code file into thinking that it is running on a
Java Virtual Machine. In reality this could be a Intel Pentium Windows 95 or SunSARC station running
Solaris or Apple Macintosh running system and all could receive code from any computer through
Internet and run the Applets.

Simple:
Java was designed to be easy for the Professional programmer to learn and to use effectively. If
you are an experienced C++ programmer, learning Java will be even easier. Because Java inherits the
C/C++ syntax and many of the object oriented features of C++. Most of the confusing concepts from C++
are either left out of Java or implemented in a cleaner, more approachable manner. In Java there are a
small number of clearly defined ways to accomplish a given task.

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Object-Oriented:
Java was not designed to be source-code compatible with any other language. This allowed the
Java team the freedom to design with a blank slate. One outcome of this was a clean usable, pragmatic
approach to objects. The object model in Java is simple and easy to extend, while simple types, such as
integers, are kept as high-performance non-objects.

Robust:
The multi-platform environment of the Web places extraordinary demands on a program, because
the program must execute reliably in a variety of systems. The ability to create robust programs was given
a high priority in the design of Java. Java is strictly typed language; it checks your code at compile time
and run time.
Java virtually eliminates the problems of memory management and deallocation, which is
completely automatic. In a well-written Java program, all run time errors can –and should –be managed
by your program.

SERVLETS:

Introduction:
The Java web server is JavaSoft's own web Server. The Java web server is just a part of a larger
framework, intended to provide you not just with a web server, but also with tools. To build customized
network servers for any Internet or Intranet client/server system. Servlets are to a web server, how applets
are to the browser.

About Servlets:

Servlets provide a Java-based solution used to address the problems currently associated
with doing server-side programming, including inextensible scripting solutions, platform-specific
APIs, and incomplete interfaces.
Servlets are objects that conform to a specific interface that can be plugged into a Java-based
server. Servlets are to the server-side what applets are to the client-side - object byte codes that
can be dynamically loaded off the net. They differ from applets in that they are faceless objects
(without graphics or a GUI component). They serve as platform independent, dynamically
loadable, plugable helper byte code objects on the server side that can be used to dynamically
extend server-side functionality.

For example, an HTTP Servlets can be used to generate dynamic HTML content. When you use Servlets
to do dynamic content you get the following advantages:
 They’re faster and cleaner than CGI scripts

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 They use a standard API (the Servlets API)

 They provide all the advantages of Java (run on a variety of servers without needing to be
rewritten).

Attractiveness of Servlets:
There are many features of Servlets that make them easy and attractive to use. These include:
 Easily configured using the GUI-based Admin tool
 Can be loaded and invoked from a local disk or remotely across the network.
 Can be linked together, or chained, so that one Servlets can call another Servlets, or several
Servlets in sequence.
 Can be called dynamically from within HTML pages, using server-side include tags.
 Are secure - even when downloading across the network, the Servlets security model and
Servlets sandbox protect your system from unfriendly behavior.

Advantages of the Servlet API:

One of the great advantages of the Servlet API is protocol independence. It assumes nothing
about:
 The protocol being used to transmit on the net
 How it is loaded
 The server environment it will be running in

These qualities are important, because it allows the Servlet API to be embedded in many
different kinds of servers. There are other advantages to the Servlet API as well. These include:
 It’s extensible - you can inherit all your functionality from the base classes made
available to you.
 It’s simple, small, and easy to use.

Features of Servlets:

 Servlets are persistent. Servlet are loaded only by the web server and can maintain
services between requests.
 Servlets are fast. Since Servlets only need to be loaded once, they offer much better
performance over their CGI counterparts.
 Servlets are platform independent.
 Servlets are extensible. Java is a robust, object-oriented programming language,
which easily can be extended to suit your needs

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 Servlets are secure.

 Servlets can be used with a variety of clients.

Loading Servlets:

Servlets can be loaded from three places

From a directory that is on the CLASSPATH. The CLASSPATH of the JavaWebServer

includes service root/classes/ which is where the system classes reside.
From the <SERVICE_ROOT /Servlets/ directory. This is *not* in the server’s class path. A
class loader is used to create Servlets from this directory. New Servlets can be added - existing
Servlets can be recompiled and the server will notice these changes.
From a remote location. For this a code base like http: // nine.eng / classes / foo / is required in
addition to the Servlets class name. Refer to the admin GUI docs on Servlet section to see how to
set this up.

Loading Remote Servlets:

Remote Servlets can be loaded by:

1. Configuring the Admin Tool to setup automatic loading of remote Servlets

2. Setting up server side include tags in. shtml files
3. Defining a filter chain configuration

Invoking Servlets:

A Servlet invoker is a Servlet that invokes the "service" method on a named Servlet. If
the Servlet is not loaded in the server, then the invoker first loads the Servlet (either from local
disk or from the network) and the then invokes the "service" method. Also like applets, local
Servlets in the server can be identified by just the class name. In other words, if a Servlet name is
not absolute, it is treated as local.
A client can invoke Servlets in the following ways:

 The client can ask for a document that is served by the Servlet.
 The client (browser) can invoke the Servlet directly using a URL, once it has been
mapped using the Servlet Aliases section of the admin GUI.
 The Servlet can be invoked through server side include tags.

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 The Servlet can be invoked by placing it in the Servlets/ directory.

 The Servlet can be invoked by using it in a filter chain.

JavaScript:
JavaScript is a script-based programming language that was developed by Netscape
Communication Corporation. JavaScript was originally called Live Script and renamed as
JavaScript to indicate its relationship with Java. JavaScript supports the development of both
client and server components of Web-based applications. On the client side, it can be used to
write programs that are executed by a Web browser within the context of a Web page. On the
server side, it can be used to write Web server programs that can process information submitted
by a Web browser and then updates the browser’s display accordingly

Even though JavaScript supports both client and server Web programming, we prefer
JavaScript at Client side programming since most of the browsers supports it. JavaScript is
almost as easy to learn as HTML, and JavaScript statements can be included in HTML
documents by enclosing the statements between a pair of scripting tags
<SCRIPTS>.. </SCRIPT>.
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE = “JavaScript”>
JavaScript statements
</SCRIPT>

Here are a few things we can do with JavaScript:

 Validate the contents of a form and make calculations.
 Add scrolling or changing messages to the Browser’s status line.
 Animate images or rotate images that change when we move the mouse over them.
 Detect the browser in use and display different content for different browsers.
 Detect installed plug-ins and notify the user if a plug-in is required.
We can do much more with JavaScript, including creating entire application.

JavaScript Vs Java

JavaScript and Java are entirely different languages. A few of the most glaring differences are:

 Java applets are generally displayed in a box within the web document; JavaScript can
affect any part of the Web document itself.

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 While JavaScript is best suited to simple applications and adding interactive features to
Web pages; Java can be used for incredibly complex applications.

There are many other differences but the important thing to remember is that JavaScript
and Java are separate languages. They are both useful for different things; in fact they can be
used together to combine their advantages.

Advantages:

 JavaScript can be used for Sever-side and Client-side scripting.

 It is more flexible than VBScript.
 JavaScript is the default scripting languages at Client-side since all the browsers supports it.

Hyper Text Markup Language:

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the languages of the World Wide Web (WWW), allows
users to produces Web pages that include text, graphics and pointer to other Web pages (Hyperlinks).
HTML is not a programming language but it is an application of ISO Standard 8879, SGML (Standard
Generalized Markup Language), but specialized to hypertext and adapted to the Web. The idea behind
Hypertext is that instead of reading text in rigid linear structure, we can easily jump from one point to
another point. We can navigate through the information based on our interest and preference. A markup
language is simply a series of elements, each delimited with special characters that define how text or
other items enclosed within the elements should be displayed. Hyperlinks are underlined or emphasized
works that load to other documents or some portions of the same document.
HTML can be used to display any type of document on the host computer, which can be
geographically at a different location. It is a versatile language and can be used on any platform or
desktop.
HTML provides tags (special codes) to make the document look attractive. HTML tags are not
case-sensitive. Using graphics, fonts, different sizes, color, etc., can enhance the presentation of the
document. Anything that is not a tag is part of the document itself.

Basic HTML Tags :

<! -- --> Specifies comments
<A>……….</A> Creates hypertext links
<B>……….</B> Formats text as bold
<BIG>……….</BIG> Formats text in large font.
> Contains all tags and text in the HTML document

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<CENTER>...</CENTER> Creates text

<DD>…</DD> Definition of a term
<DL>...</DL> Creates definition list
<FONT>…</FONT> Formats text with a particular font
<FORM>...</FORM> Encloses a fill-out form
<FRAME>...</FRAME> Defines a particular frame in a set of frames
<H#>…</H#> Creates headings of different levels
>
Contains tags that specify information about a document
<HR>...</HR> Creates a horizontal rule
<HTML>…</HTML> Contains all other HTML tags
> Provides meta-information about a document
<SCRIPT>…</SCRIPT> Contains client-side or server-side script
<TABLE>…</TABLE> Creates a table
<TD>…</TD> Indicates table data in a table
<TR>…</TR> Designates a table row
<TH>…</TH> Creates a heading in a table

Advantages:
 A HTML document is small and hence easy to send over the net. It is small because it does
not include formatted information.
 HTML is platform independent.
 HTML tags are not case-sensitive.

Java Database Connectivity:

What Is JDBC?
JDBC is a Java API for executing SQL statements. (As a point of interest, JDBC is a
trademarked name and is not an acronym; nevertheless, JDBC is often thought of as standing for
Java Database Connectivity. It consists of a set of classes and interfaces written in the Java
programming language. JDBC provides a standard API for tool/database developers and makes it
possible to write database applications using a pure Java API.
Using JDBC, it is easy to send SQL statements to virtually any relational database. One can write
a single program using the JDBC API, and the program will be able to send SQL statements to
the appropriate database. The combinations of Java and JDBC lets a programmer write it once
and run it anywhere.
What Does JDBC Do?
Simply put, JDBC makes it possible to do three things:

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 Establish a connection with a database

 Send SQL statements
 Process the results.

JDBC versus ODBC and other APIs:

At this point, Microsoft's ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) API is that probably the
most widely used programming interface for accessing relational databases. It offers the ability
to connect to almost all databases on almost all platforms.

So why not just use ODBC from Java? The answer is that you can use ODBC from Java,
but this is best done with the help of JDBC in the form of the JDBC-ODBC Bridge, which we
will cover shortly. The question now becomes "Why do you need JDBC?" There are several
answers to this question:
1. ODBC is not appropriate for direct use from Java because it uses a C interface. Calls
from Java to native C code have a number of drawbacks in the security, implementation,
robustness, and automatic portability of applications.
2. A literal translation of the ODBC C API into a Java API would not be desirable. For
example, Java has no pointers, and ODBC makes copious use of them, including the notoriously
error-prone generic pointer "void *". You can think of JDBC as ODBC translated into an object-
oriented interface that is natural for Java programmers.
3. ODBC is hard to learn. It mixes simple and advanced features together, and it has
complex options even for simple queries. JDBC, on the other hand, was designed to keep simple
things simple while allowing more advanced capabilities where required.
4. A Java API like JDBC is needed in order to enable a "pure Java" solution. When ODBC
is used, the ODBC driver manager and drivers must be manually installed on every client
machine. When the JDBC driver is written completely in Java, however, JDBC code is
automatically installable, portable, and secure on all Java platforms from network computers to
mainframes.
Two-tier and Three-tier Models:

The JDBC API supports both two-tier and three-tier models for database access.
In the two-tier model, a Java applet or application talks directly to the database. This requires a
JDBC driver that can communicate with the particular database management system being accessed. A
user's SQL statements are delivered to the database, and the results of those statements are sent back to
the user. The database may be located on another machine to which the user is connected via a network.
This is referred to as a client/server configuration, with the user's machine as the client, and the machine

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housing the database as the server. The network can be an Intranet, which, for example, connects
employees within a corporation, or it can be the Internet.

JAVA
Application Client machine

JDBC
DBMS-proprietary protocol

DBMS Database server

Java applet or
Html browser Client machine (GUI)

HTTP, RMI, or CORBA calls

Application
Server (Java) Server machine (business Logic)
JDBC DBMS-proprietary protocol

Database server

DBMS

In the three-tier model, commands are sent to a "middle tier" of services, which then send
SQL statements to the database. The database processes the SQL statements and sends the results
back to the middle tier, which then sends them to the user. MIS directors find the three-tier
model very attractive because the middle tier makes it possible to maintain control over access
and the kinds of updates that can be made to corporate data. Another advantage is that when

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there is a middle tier, the user can employ an easy-to-use higher-level API which is translated by
the middle tier into the appropriate low-level calls. Finally, in many cases the three-tier
architecture can provide performance advantages.

Until now the middle tier has typically been written in languages such as C or C++,
which offer fast performance. However, with the introduction of optimizing compilers that
translate Java byte code into efficient machine-specific code, it is becoming practical to
implement the middle tier in Java. This is a big plus, making it possible to take advantage of
Java's robustness, multithreading, and security features. JDBC is important to allow database
access from a Java middle tier.
JDBC Driver Types:

The JDBC drivers that we are aware of at this time fit into one of four categories:

 JDBC-ODBC bridge plus ODBC driver

 Native-API partly-Java driver
 JDBC-Net pure Java driver
 Native-protocol pure Java driver

JDBC-ODBC Bridge:

If possible, use a Pure Java JDBC driver instead of the Bridge and an ODBC driver. This
completely eliminates the client configuration required by ODBC. It also eliminates the potential
that the Java VM could be corrupted by an error in the native code brought in by the Bridge (that
is, the Bridge native library, the ODBC driver manager library, the ODBC driver library, and the
database client library).

What Is the JDBC- ODBC Bridge?

The JDBC-ODBC Bridge is a JDBC driver, which implements JDBC operations by

translating them into ODBC operations. To ODBC it appears as a normal application program.
The Bridge implements JDBC for any database for which an ODBC driver is available. The
Bridge is implemented as the Sun.jdbc.odbc Java package and contains a native library used to
access ODBC. The Bridge is a joint development of Innersole and Java Soft.

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Server Pages (JSP):

Java server Pages is a simple, yet powerful technology for creating and maintaining
dynamic-content web pages. Based on the Java programming language, Java Server Pages
offers proven portability, open standards, and a mature re-usable component model .The
Java Server Pages architecture enables the separation of content generation from content
presentation. This separation not eases maintenance headaches; it also allows web team
members to focus on their areas of expertise. Now, web page designer can concentrate on
layout, and web application designers on programming, with minimal concern about
impacting each other’s work.

Features of JSP:
Portability:

Java Server Pages files can be run on any web server or web-enabled application server
that provides support for them. Dubbed the JSP engine, this support involves recognition,
translation, and management of the Java Server Page lifecycle and its interaction components.

Components:

It was mentioned earlier that the Java Server Pages architecture can include reusable Java
components. The architecture also allows for the embedding of a scripting language directly into
the Java Server Pages file. The components current supported include Java Beans, and Servlets.

Processing:

A Java Server Pages file is essentially an HTML document with JSP scripting or tags.
The Java Server Pages file has a JSP extension to the server as a Java Server Pages file. Before
the page is served, the Java Server Pages syntax is parsed and processed into a Servlet on the
server side. The Servlet that is generated outputs real content in straight HTML for responding to
the client.

Access Models:

A Java Server Pages file may be accessed in at least two different ways. A client’s
request comes directly into a Java Server Page. In this scenario, suppose the page accesses
reusable Java Bean components that perform particular well-defined computations like accessing
a database. The result of the Beans computations, called result sets is stored within the Bean as
properties. The page uses such Beans to generate dynamic content and present it back to the
client.
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In both of the above cases, the page could also contain any valid Java code. Java Server Pages
architecture encourages separation of content from presentation.

Steps in the execution of a JSP Application:

1. The client sends a request to the web server for a JSP file by giving the name of the JSP
file within the form tag of a HTML page.

2. This request is transferred to the JavaWebServer. At the server side JavaWebServer

receives the request and if it is a request for a jsp file server gives this request to the JSP engine.
3. JSP engine is program which can understands the tags of the jsp and then it converts those tags into a
Servlet program and it is stored at the server side. This Servlet is loaded in the memory and then it is
executed and the result is given back to the JavaWebServer and then it is transferred back to the result is
given back to the JavaWebServer and then it is transferred back to the client.

JDBC connectivity
The JDBC provides database-independent connectivity between the J2EE platform and a wide range of
tabular data sources. JDBC technology allows an Application Component Provider to:
 Perform connection and authentication to a database server
 Manager transactions
 Move SQL statements to a database engine for preprocessing and execution
 Execute stored procedures
 Inspect and modify the results from Select statements Purpose.
The generated application is the first version upon the system. The overall system is planned to be
in the formal of distributed architecture with homogeneous database platform. The major objective of the
overall system is to keep the following components intact.
 System consistency
 System integrity
 Overall security of data
 Data reliability and Accuracy
 User friendly name both at administration and user levels
 Considering the fact of generality and clarity
To cross check that the system overcomes the hurdles of the version specific
Standards

Back end tool:

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9.2 Microsoft Access:

Microsoft Office Access is a relational database management system from Microsoft that
combines the relational “Microsoft Jet Database Engine” with a graphical user interface and
software-development tools. It is a member of the “Microsoft Office “ suite of applications.

1. Microsoft Access is used to create simple database solutions. Access tables support a
variety of standard field types. Access also includes a query interface, forms to display
and enter data.
2. Microsoft Access is very popular among non-programmers who can create visually
pleasing and relatively advanced solutions on their own. It is also easy to place a database
on a network and have multiple users share and update data without overwriting each
other's work. Data is locked at the record level which is significantly different from Excel
which locks the entire spreadsheet.
3. Database solutions created entirely in Microsoft Access are well suited for individual and
workgroup use across a network

Operating system Platform used:

9.3 Windows:

INTRODUCTION TO WINDOWS:
Microsoft Corporation windows in Nov 1983 and was released 2 years later in Nov 1985
its introduction. MS-windows has emerged as the most popular GUI environment for MS-DOS.
For the user, Windows provide a multitasking, graphical based windowing environment that runs
especially designed for windows.
Windows have a consistent appearance, command structure, and are thus often easier to
lean use than conventional MS-DOS program. Users can easily switch among different windows
programs and exchange data between them. Windows also provide and exchange to use icon
based program manager for running programs. Although windows exist primarily to run
applications especially written for the environment, windows also can run many programs
written for MS-DOS. For the program developer, Windows provide a wealth of insult routines
that allow the use of menus, dialog boxes, scroll bars and other components of friendly user
interface. Windows also contains an extension graphics programming languages that includes the
use of formatted text in a variety of fonts.

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FEATURES:
The Graphic User Interface (GUI):
Windows is Graphical User Interface, sometimes also called as “Visual
Interface” or “ Graphical Windowing Environment”. All Graphical User Interface make use
of graphics on a bitmapped video display. Graphical provides better utilization of screen real
estate a visually rich environment for conveying information, and the possibility of
WYSIWG video display of graphics and formatted text prepared for a printed document.

The Consistent User Interface:

User no longer expects to spend long periods learning how to use the computer or mastering
a new program. Windows helps because all windows programs have the same fundamental look and
feel. The program occupies a window, a rectangle area on the screen. A captain bar identifies it. Most
program functions are indicated through the program menu.

The Multitasking Advantage:

Under windows, every program in effect becomes RAM resident pop-up. Several
windows program can be displayed running at the same time. The user can move the
windows around in the screen, change their size, and switch between different programs, and
transfer data from one program to another.

Memory Management:
An Operating System cannot implement multitasking without doing something about
memory management. As new programs are started up and old ones terminate, memory can be
fragmented. The system must be able to move the blocks of code and data in memory space.
Windows can overcoat memory; a program can contain mode code than can fit into memory at any
one time. A user can run several copies of program; all these instances share the same code in the
memory. Programs running in windows can share routines located in other.

Dynamic Linking:
A windows program interfaces to windows through a process called “Dynamic Linking”.
Like MS-DOS programs, windows executable filename extension .EXE format called the new
executable file format. Whenever a windows program calls a windows function, the “C”
compiler generates assembly language code for a far call. A table in the .EXE file identifies the
function being called using a dynamic link library name and either a name or a number of the
function.

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10.SCREENS

This is the “login” page for the administrator/student.

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When the administrator will do login, the following page appears..

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When the administrator clicks the “Add student” link, the following form
appears.

With this form the administrator can add a new student’s details.

When the administrator wants to delete/update an existing student details, he

click’s the “delete student” or “Update student” link’s respectively, then the
following page appears.

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The administrator needs to enter the Id no. of the student to

delete/update that particular student details.

When a student login, then the following page will appear..

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When the student clicks the “profile” button, the following page appears.

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When the student clicks the “timetable” button

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A student can be informed about any mails he received when he/she is logged
in. At that time the page appears as follows.

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When the student clicks the “click here to read message” link then this page
will appear

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When the student clicks the “click here to read message” link or “inbox” link
then this page will appear

The student can read the contents of the messages.

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When the student want’s to send a mail he can clicks the “compose” link
which opens the below page.

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When the student clicks the “Attendance” button

This helps him/her to know his/her updated attendance.

When the student clicks the “Attendance Summary” link, he/she will be
directed to the following page.

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When the student clicks “results” button, the following page appears.

With this he/she can know about his/her result.

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When the student clicks the “timetable” button, the following page appears.
the complete info regarding when and where classes corresponding to each
subject will be conducted.

With this a student can get the complete information regarding when and
where classes corresponding to each subject will be conducted.

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When the student clicks the “Fee” button, the following page appears that
gives complete fee details.

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When the student clicks the “Library” button, the following page appears.
That gives information about any new arrivals etc,.

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A student on “logging out” will be directed to the following page.

11. TESTING

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11.1 TESTING METHODOLOGY DESCRIPTION

1. Introduction:

Testing is one of the most important phases in the software development activity. In
software development life cycle (SDLC), the main aim of testing process is the quality; the
developed software is tested against attaining the required functionality and performance.

During the testing process the software is worked with some particular test cases and the
output of the test cases are analyzed whether the software is working according to the
expectations or not.
The success of the testing process in determining the errors is mostly depends upon the
test case criteria, for testing any software we need to have a description of the expected
behaviour of the system and method of determining whether the observed behaviour confirmed
to the expected behaviour.

2. Levels of testing:
Since the errors in the software can be injured at any stage. So, we have to carry out the
testing process at different levels during the development. The basic levels of testing are
Unit, Integration, System and Acceptance Testing.

The Unit Testing is carried out on coding. Here different modules are tested against the
specifications produced during design for the modules. In case of integration testing different
tested modules are combined into sub systems and tested in case of the system testing the full
software is tested and in the next level of testing the system is tested with user requirement
document prepared during SRS.

There are two basic approaches for testing. They are

Fuctional testing : In Functional Testing test cases are decided solely on the basis of
requirements of the program or module and the internals of the program or modules are not
considered for selection of test cases. This is also called Black Box Testing
Structural Testing : In Structural Testing test cases are generated on actual code of the
program or module to be tested. This is called White Box Testing.

3. Testing Process

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A number of activities must be performed for testing software. Testing starts with test plan.
Test plan identifies all testing related activities that need to be performed along with the schedule
and guide lines for testing. The plan also specifies the levels of testing that need to be done, by
identifying the different testing units. For each unit specified in the plan first the test cases and
reports are produced These reports are analyzed.
Test plan:
Test plan is a general document for entire project, which defines the scope, approach to be
taken and the personal responsible for different activities of testing. The inputs for forming test
plane are as follows.
 Project plan
 Requirements document
 System design

TEST CASES
Test case specification
Although there is one test plan for entire project test cases have to be specified separately
for each test case. Test case specification gives for each item to be tested. All test cases and
outputs expected for those test cases.
Test Case execution and Analysis
The steps to be performed for executing the test cases are specified in separate document
called test procedure specification. This document specify any specify requirements that exist
for setting the test environment and describes the methods and formats for reporting the results
of testing.

Unit testing:
Unit testing mainly focused first in the smallest and low level modules, proceeding one at
a time. Bottom-up testing was performed on each module. As developing a driver program, that
tests modules by developed or used. But for the purpose of testing, modules themselves were
used as stubs, to print verification of the actions performed. After the lower level modules were
tested, the modules that in the next higher level those make use of the lower modules were
tested.
Each module was tested against required functionally and test cases were developed to test
the boundary values.

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Integration testing

Integration testing is a systematic technique for constructing the program structure, while at
the same time conducting tests to uncover errors associated with interfacing. As the system
consists of the number of modules the interface to be tested were between the edges of the two
modules.

The software tested under this was incremental bottom-up approach.

Bottom-up approach integration strategy was implemented with the following steps.
 Low level modules were combined into clusters that perform specific software sub
functions.
 The clusters were then tested.

System testing
System testing is a series of different tests whose primary purpose is to fully exercise the
computer- based system. It also tests to find discrepancies between the system and its original
objective , current specifications.

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12. MAINTENANCE

Maintenance the last phase in the software engineering process. As more programs are
developed, a distributing trend has emerged the amount of effort and a resource expended on
software maintenance is growing. In total project development maintenance takes 65% of effort.
In software maintenance there are four types. They are
1. Adaptive Maintenance
2. Corrective Maintenance
3. Perfective Maintenance
4. Preventive Maintenance
Adaptive Maintenance is applied when changes in the external environment precipitate
modifications to software. It deals with adapting the software to new environments.
Perfective Maintenance incorporates enhancements that are requested by user community.
It deals with updating the software according to changes in user requirements.
Corrective Maintenance acts to correct errors that are uncovered after the software is in use.
It deals with fixing bugs in the code.
Preventive Maintenance improves future maintainability and reliability and provides a basis
for future enhancement. It deals with updating documentation and making the software more
maintainable. Tasks performed during the software engineering process define maintainability
and have an important impact in the success of any maintenance approach. Reverse Engineering
and Reengineering are the tools and techniques used to maintain the project.
There are four major problems that can slow down the maintenance process
1. Unstructured Code
2. Maintenance programmers having insufficient knowledge of the system
3. Documentation being absent
4. Out of Date, or at best insufficient
The success of the maintenance phase relies on these problems being fixed earlier in the life
cycle

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13. CONCLUSION
 The system provides an excellent support to the corporate client because they can

directly mail their problem online.

 Computerized surveying system provides an easy, fast access and support for the users.

 The usage of software increases the efficiency, decreases the effort

 It has been thoroughly tested and implemented.

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14. REFERENCES

1. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - ROGER.S.PRESMAN

2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN - ELIAS.M.AWAD

3. THE COMPLETE REFERENCE-JAVA- SCHILDT

4. UNIFIED MODELLING LANGUAGE- GRADY BOOCH

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