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Select Substr (Name, 1,2) From Emp

This document describes various SQL functions for manipulating character data and functions. It provides examples of functions such as upper(), lower(), substr(), length(), instr(), lpad(), rpad(), trim(), replace(), and nested padding functions. It also gives examples of SQL commands for inserting, updating, and deleting data including using subqueries.

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Wasim Akram
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38 views

Select Substr (Name, 1,2) From Emp

This document describes various SQL functions for manipulating character data and functions. It provides examples of functions such as upper(), lower(), substr(), length(), instr(), lpad(), rpad(), trim(), replace(), and nested padding functions. It also gives examples of SQL commands for inserting, updating, and deleting data including using subqueries.

Uploaded by

Wasim Akram
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL Funcations

Charater Funcation:

Case manipulation functions

1) Upper

Command : select upper(name) from emp;


OutPut:
+-------------+
| upper(name) |
+-------------+
| SAMAD |
| BILAL |
| LAWANG |
| AMIR |
+-------------+
4 rows in set (0.03 sec)
2) Lower

Command: select lower(name) from emp;


+-------------+
| lower(name) |
+-------------+
| samad |
| bilal |
| lawang |
| amir |
+-------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3) Initcap : not available in MYSQL but in oracle you can use this funcation in select statment as we
have already use some charater manipulation funcation.

Character manipulation funcation:

4) SUBSTR:
Command: select substr(name,1,2) from emp;
+------------------+
| substr(name,1,2) |
+------------------+
| sa |
| bi |
| la |
| am |
+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
5) Length
Command: select length(name) from emp;
+--------------+
| length(name) |
+--------------+
| 5|
| 5|
| 6|
| 4|
+--------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
6) INSTR
Command: select instr(name,'s') from emp;
+-----------------+
| instr(name,'s') |
+-----------------+
| 1|
| 0|
| 0|
| 0|
+-----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
7) LPAD
Command: select lpad(name,10,'|') from emp;
+-------------------+
| lpad(name,10,'|') |
+-------------------+
| |||||samad |
| |||||bilal |
| ||||lawang |
| ||||||amir |
+-------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
8) RPAD
Command: select rpad(name,10,'|') from emp;
+-------------------+
| rpad(name,10,'|') |
+-------------------+
| samad||||| |
| bilal||||| |
| lawang|||| |
| amir|||||| |
+-------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
9) TRIM

Commad: select TRIM('m' from 'mom') from dual;


+----------------------+

| TRIM('m' from 'mom') |

+----------------------+

|o |

+----------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

10) Replace
Command: select replace('am' ,'a', 'mo') from dual;
+--------------------------+
| replace('am' ,'a', 'mo') |
+--------------------------+
| mom |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

11) Sub-Query
select name from emp where salary < (select salary
Command:

from emp where name ='samad');


+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| bilal |
| lawang |
| amir |
+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
12) Nested padding
Command :select (Rpad(lpad('amir' ,10, '*'),20,'K');
+------------------------------------+
| Rpad(lpad('amir' ,10, '*'),20,'K') |
+------------------------------------+
| ******amirKKKKKKKKKK |
+------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
13) Insert new rows
Command: Insert into emp(name, dept,salary) values (“amir”,10,2000);
Command:insert into emp vlaues (“asif”,20,3000);
14) Inserting a null value

Command: insert into emp(“junaid”,10,NULL,NULL);


15) Insert new record using sub-query

Command: insert into emp(name,dept,salary)


select name,id,salary from test;
16) Update all rows

Command: update test set id=10;


17) Update specific rows

Command: update test set id=20 where id=30;


18) Update specific columns using sub-query

Command: update emp


set name=(select name from test where id=20)
where dept=20;
19) Delete all rows

Command: delete from test;


20) Delete specifics rows

Command: delete from emp where dept=10;


21)

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