Chapter - 3 - Distillation - Ponchon Savarit Method

• Ponchon-Savarit method
• takes into account latent heats, heats of solution &

sensible heats
• no assumption of molal overflow rates
• graphical procedure combining enthalpy & material
balances
• provides information on condenser & reboiler duties
 Use enthalpy concentration data
 The data that require for enthalpy

concentration diagram are:
 Heat capacity of the liquid, Cp

 Boiling temperature, Tb
 Latent heats of vaporization, λ
 Heat of solution, ∆Hsol

The diagram at a given constant pressure is based
on reference states of liquid and temperature such
as 273K
 Use enthalpy concentration data
 The data that require for enthalpy

concentration diagram are:
 Heat capacity of the liquid, Cp

 Boiling temperature, Tb
 Latent heats of vaporization, λ
 Heat of solution, ∆Hsol

The diagram at a given constant pressure is based
on reference states of liquid and temperature such
as 273K
 The saturated liquid line in enthalpy h
kJ/kg can be obtained from the following
equation below:
 (1)
 T=boiling point of temperature

 T0=reference temperature
 CP=liquid heat capacity
 ∆Hsol=heat of solution at T0 (usually is

neglected)
 The saturated vapor line can be obtained
from the following equation below:
 (2)
 T=boiling point of temperature

 T0=reference temperature
 CPy=vapor heat capacity
 λA, λB=latent heat at T0

 Normally value of λA and λB not be given,
only the value of λAb and λBb
 λAb= latent heat at boiling point of pure

component A
 λBb=latent heat at boiling point of pure
component B
 But equation (2) need the value of latent

heat at reference temperature (T0), so
that;
 For simplify, normally we take the value of
T0 equal to the boiling point temperature of
component that most volatile which is
component A. Thus it,
 So, only the value of that has to convert

to .
 Overall balance
 F=V+L (3)
 Balance on the most volatile component A
 FxF=VyD + LxL (4)
 From (3) and (4)
 (5)
 Energy balance
 FHF=VHV + LhL (6)
 From equation (3) & (6)
 (7)
 If heat input to streams, so equation (6) become:
 (8)
 So, total input enthalpies =

 Overall balance

(9)
 Component material balance


(10)
 Rearranging equation (9) and writing for various streams,
 (11)
 The difference between two streams passing each other is

constant and has the value of D kg mol/h.
 Rearranging equation (10),

 (12)
 The composition of this difference stream is constant a .

 Making an enthalpy balance and then
rearranging,
 (13)
 (14)
 (15)
 Again the difference in enthalpy between the

streams passing each other is constant, with
the enthalpy of this stream being ,
where qc is the condenser duty in kJ/h.
 Number of theoretical
steps in the enriching
section
 This difference point will be called D’. Point D’ is
a common operating point for all values of
and in enriching section of the distillation
tower that having an enthalpy and a
composition of . The intersection of is
shown in the diagram having the composition y1=xD
for a total condenser. The liquid L1 is in
equilibrium with V1 and is located by drawing a tie
line through V1 intersecting the saturated liquid
line at L1. Next, a line is drawn as L1D’, which is
intersects saturated vapor line at V2.
 Overall balance
 (16)
 Component material balance

 (17)
 Rearranging equation (16) and writing it for various trays,

 (18)
 Again this difference between two streams passing each other is

constant at W kgmol/h.
 Rearranging equation (17)
 (19)
 The composition of this difference stream is constant at xW.

 Making an enthalpy balance with qR kJ/h
entering the reboiler and then rearranging,
 (20)
(21)
(22)
 Again the difference in enthalpy between

the streams passing each other is constant,
with enthalpy being .
 This difference point in the stripping section will
be called , having an enthalpy
and a composition . This point is an
operating point just as is for the enriching
section. The point is plotted below. Starting
at point W a tie line is drawn through this point
intersecting the saturated vapor line , which
is in equilibrium with . Next, line is
drawn, which intersects the saturated liquid line
at . By rearranging equation (18),
 (23)
 Hence, must be on the line between

and . Next, the tie line is drawn. This
process is continued in stepping off the
theoretical plates.
 As in the McCabe Thiele analysis, there are
two operating points for the entire
distillation tower. In order to obtain a
relation between these points we make an
overall enthalpy balance on the entire column.
 (24)
 Rearranging,
 (25)
 The two terms on the right represent the
operating points and . The enthalpy
of point is and of
is . Hence, the three points ,
and must all lie on straight line with
in between and .
 Reflux ratio (R)
 Reflux ratio at the top of the tower

 A mixture of 50 wt% ethanol and 50%
water which is saturated liquid at boiling
point is to be distilled at 101.3kPa pressure
to give a distillate containing 85 wt%
ethanol and a bottoms containing 3 wt%
ethanol. The feed rate is 4536 kg/h and a
reflux ratio of 1.5 is to be used.
a) Calculate the amounts of distillate and
bottoms
b) Calculate the number of theoretical trays
needed using enthalpy concentration plot
c) Calculate the condenser and reboiler heat
loads
 Draw the enthalpy-concentration plot & the xy equilibrium
plot on the same graph.
 Determine the points xF, xD,xW.
 Use the following equation to calculate H’
H1=enthalpy of vapor at xD
hD=enthalpy of liquid at xD
 Locate point D’ or H’ at (xD, H’)
 Locate point V1 at (xD, H1)
 Locate point L0 at (xD, hD)
 Draw the line from D’ to intersect hF
(enthalpy of saturated liquid at xF) and the
vertical line of xW). The point of intersection
shows W’ or H’W.
 From point V1, draw a line down to 45o line.
Then, draw a horizontal tie line to touch the
xy equilibrium curve. Draw a line up to the
liquid enthalpy curve. This point is L1.
 Plot an operating line from L1 to D’,
intersecting the vapor enthalpy curve at V2.
From V2, draw a vertical line down to the
equilibrium curve. Draw yet another line, go
up to obtain L2; repeat the process until you
exceed xF.
 When you exceed xF, draw an operating line
from W’ to L3 intersecting the vapor
enthalpy curve to obtain V4. Repeat the
process until you exceed xW.
 Draw a tie line for L1 to V1, L2 to V2, L3 to V3
and so on.
 Number of tie lines=number of stages.
 Determine H’min from the graph.
-From point, (xF,hF), draw a line down to
equilibrium curve. Then, draw a horizontal
line to 45o line. Next, draw a line up to
saturated vapor line. Let say the point is V.
-Then, draw a line from point (xF,hF) to point V
till you reach the vertical line of xD.
-H’min is the point intersect between the line
from point (xF,hF) to point V and vertical line
of xD.

Chapter - 3 - Distillation - Ponchon Savarit Method

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Chapter - 3 - Distillation - Ponchon Savarit Method

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What is the Ponchon-Savarit method?

What is the Ponchon-Savarit method?

What data is required for an enthalpy concentration diagram?

What data is required for an enthalpy concentration diagram?

• Ponchon-Savarit method

• takes into account latent heats, heats of solution &

 The data that require for enthalpy

 Heat capacity of the liquid, Cp

 Heat of solution, ∆Hsol

 The data that require for enthalpy

 Heat capacity of the liquid, Cp

 Heat of solution, ∆Hsol

 T=boiling point of temperature

 CP=liquid heat capacity

 ∆Hsol=heat of solution at T0 (usually is

 T=boiling point of temperature

 CPy=vapor heat capacity

 λA, λB=latent heat at T0

 λAb= latent heat at boiling point of pure

 But equation (2) need the value of latent

 So, only the value of that has to convert

 Balance on the most volatile component A

 FxF=VyD + LxL (4)

 From (3) and (4)

 FHF=VHV + LhL (6)

 From equation (3) & (6)

 If heat input to streams, so equation (6) become:

 So, total input enthalpies =

 Component material balance

 Rearranging equation (9) and writing for various streams,

 The difference between two streams passing each other is

 Rearranging equation (10),

 The composition of this difference stream is constant a .

 Again the difference in enthalpy between the

 Component material balance

 Rearranging equation (16) and writing it for various trays,

 Again this difference between two streams passing each other is

 The composition of this difference stream is constant at xW.

 Again the difference in enthalpy between

 Hence, must be on the line between

 Reflux ratio at the top of the tower

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