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Elementary Signals

This document describes an experiment to represent signals using unit step functions. The objectives are to understand and illustrate signals using unit step functions. The procedure involves expressing sample waveforms as the sum of unit step functions. Sample Waveform 1 is expressed as the sum of four unit step functions with different coefficients to model the piecewise linear signal. MATLAB code is provided to define the unit step function and plot the represented signal. The document asks to express two additional signals, Waveforms 2 and 3, as the sum of unit step functions over given time intervals.

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402 views3 pages

Elementary Signals

This document describes an experiment to represent signals using unit step functions. The objectives are to understand and illustrate signals using unit step functions. The procedure involves expressing sample waveforms as the sum of unit step functions. Sample Waveform 1 is expressed as the sum of four unit step functions with different coefficients to model the piecewise linear signal. MATLAB code is provided to define the unit step function and plot the represented signal. The document asks to express two additional signals, Waveforms 2 and 3, as the sum of unit step functions over given time intervals.

Uploaded by

cenita009
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELEMENTARY SIGNALS: UNIT STEP

EXPERIMENT NO. ____

I. OBJECTIVES
To understand and illustrate a signal using unit step.

II. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS


(1) PC with MATLAB

III. PROCEDURE
1. Using hand-solution, express the waveform of Figure 1 as a sum of unit step functions.

Figure 1 Waveform 1
2. Solution for Figure 1 is to get first the slope and equation of each segment of the waveform as
shown in the following solutions.
3  1 v (t )  1
L1 : m    2; v(t )  2t  1
1 0 t 0
L2 : v(t )  3
1 0 1 v (t )  0
L3 : m    1  ; v (t )  t  3
23 1 t 3
The equation therefore:
v(t )  ( 2t  1)[u (t )  u (t  1)]  3[u (t  1)  u (t  2)]  ( t  3)[u (t  2)  u (t  3)]
 ( 2t  1)u (t )  ( 2t  1)u (t  1)  3u (t  1)  3u (t  2)  ( t  3)u (t  2)  ( t  3)u (t  3)
combining like terms:
v(t )  (2t  1)u (t )  (2t  2)u (t  1)  (t )u (t  2)  (t  3)u (t  3)

3. Before plotting the final equation for the waveform, we defined first unit step in MATLAB. (Place
this as a function file).
%step function u(t)
%created by gcmallari,pece,ree
function [U] = u(t);

U = 0.*(t < 0) + 1.*(t >= 0);

gcmallari,pece-ree,m.ee 1
Plotting the waveform we use the MATLAB script (placed this in another program file)
%use the step function to write an expression for the function illustrated
figure('Units', 'normalized',...
'Color', [1 1 1],...
'Position', [0.09 0.0595 0.8 0.8],...
'Name', 'Using Step Function to form Triangular Wave',...
'Numbertitle', 'off')

t = 0:0.0001:3;
f = (2*t+1).*u(t) - (2*t-2).*u(t-1) + (-t).*u(t-2) + (t-3).*u(t-3);
plot(t, f,'linewidth', 3), grid on
xlabel('t(s)'); ylabel('v(t) V')
title('Using Unit Step')

4. Express the voltage waveform v(t) as shown in Figure 2 as a sum of unit step functions for the
time interval -1< t < 7 seconds.

Figure 2. Waveform no 2

gcmallari,pece-ree,m.ee 2
5. Express the voltage waveform v(t) shown in Figure 3 as a sum of unit step functions for the time
interval 0 < t < 7 s.

Figure 3. Waveform no 3

gcmallari,pece-ree,m.ee 3

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