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Knee Point Voltage Calculation

This document discusses the calculation of knee point voltages for different current transformer (CT) taps used for 765kV transmission lines and busbar protection. It provides the CT ratios, secondary winding resistances, line parameters, fault current calculations, lead burden calculations, and selected knee point voltages for the 3000/1A, 2000/1A, and 1000/1A taps. The calculations are shown to determine the required knee point voltages to satisfy CT requirements at each tap rating.

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Yogendra Swarnkar
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10K views4 pages

Knee Point Voltage Calculation

This document discusses the calculation of knee point voltages for different current transformer (CT) taps used for 765kV transmission lines and busbar protection. It provides the CT ratios, secondary winding resistances, line parameters, fault current calculations, lead burden calculations, and selected knee point voltages for the 3000/1A, 2000/1A, and 1000/1A taps. The calculations are shown to determine the required knee point voltages to satisfy CT requirements at each tap rating.

Uploaded by

Yogendra Swarnkar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Knee point calculation for 765kV CT's

CT Ratio :3000-2000-1000-500/lA
CT Class :PS

Secondary Winding Resistance:


· 15 ohm at 3000 tap
· 10 ohm at 2000 tap
. 5 ohm at 1000 tap
. 2.5 ohm at 500 tap
Length of line assumed =25 kms.

Where IF= Max. secondary fault current at zone-l reachpoint.


X/R = Primary system reactance/resistance ratio

System short circuit Fault Calculations

System Impedance,Zs =Vs/ IF IF = 40 kA(Fault Level)


765xl03
- ,J3x40x 103

=11.042 ohms -.

Line parameters are

Rr. = 1.9513 X 10-6 Pu/kM/Ckt


XL= 4.475 X 10-5pu/kM/ckt ] On a 100 MVA ,765 kV Base

XL _ 4.475xlO-s
RL -1.9513x10-6

= 22.93
=23

4.475XlO-S
e=tan-I
( 1.953 x 1O-{i
)
= 87.5°

Page 1 of 4
Knee point calculation for 765kV CT's

Therefore

Xs = Zs sin 87.5°
('
= 11.042 X 0.999 = 11.031 ohms
Rs = Zs cos 87.5°
= 11.042 X 0.0436 = 0.481 ohms

Zs = 0.481 + j11.031

Line Impedance:

Rr. = 1.9513 X 10-6 pulkM/ckt.: On a 100 MVA ,765 kV Base


XL= 4.475 X 10-5pu/kM/ckt :

Therefore
Base Impedance =765 X 765/100 = 5852.25 ohms

Rr. = 1.9513 X 10-6X 5852.25 = 0.01142 ohmslkM


XL= 4.475 X 10-5X 5852.25 = 0.2619 ohmslkM

For a Line length of25 kMs (zone-1 reach=20 kMs)

Rr.' = 0.01142 X 20 = 0.2284 ohms


XL'= 0.2619 X 20 = 5.238 ohms

Therefore
Total Fault Impedance upto zone-1 reach point

R= Rr.'+ Rs = 0.2284+0.481 = 0.7902 ohms


X=Xs+ XL'
= 11.031+ 5.238 = 16.269 ohms

Z = 0.7094 + j 16.269
Z = 16.284 ohms

Therefore Fault current at zone-1 reach


= IF'
765x103
- J3 x16.284

= 27123.12 A

IF'= 27.12 kA (fault level at zone-1 reach point)

Page 2 of 4
Knee point calculation for 765kV CT's

Lead Burden:

Cable Length= 800 m


Lead resistance = 8.71 ohms/kM
( x 2.5 mm2 copper cable is used)

Therefore

2R = 2x 800 x 8.71 = 6.968


L 2 1000
= 7.0ohms
CT secondaryresistance, Rcr = 15.00 at 3000/1 A tap

Knee point voltage requirement

VK~0.6IF( 1 +;)Rcr +RL)


Relay burden is negligible .Therefore Rrelay=0.
27120
VK~ 0.6x-(1 +23)(15 +7.0)
3000
For 3000/1 A tap

VK~ 2863.87Vat30001lTap

Selected knee point voltage for 3000/1 A tap =6000 V(plese see note below)

RCf ~15.00hm Imag < 20mAatVK

"For 2000 A tap,

27120
VK(2000)=0.6x-x(I+23)(10+7.0)
2000
= 3319.5 V

Selected knee point voltage for 2000/1 A tap = 4000V(same as that for 400 kV CTs)

Note:
1. Since the requirement at 2000/1 A tap is 2V per turn,the selected knee point voltage
for 3000/1 A tap is 6000V.This is in line with the knee point voltage requirement
being specified for 400 kV CT's .
2. It is intended to use only 3000/1 A or 000/1 A taps for 765 kV line protection.

Page 3 of4
Knee point calculation for 765kV CT's

3. 1000/1 A and 500/1 A taps shall be used for Generator circuits (Protection Overall
Differential,Overhead Line Differential).

CT requirement for busbar protection

IF = 40 kA
VK~2IF(RCT+RL)

For 3000 A tap


Rcr = 15.0ohms
Rr.= 7.0 ohms
40000
VK~2x-x(15.0+7.0)
3000

Selected VK at 3000/1 A tap = 3000V

For 2000 A tap


Rcr = 10.0 ohms
Rr.= 7.0 ohms
40000
VK~2x-x(IO.0+7.0)
2000

Selected VK at 2000/1 A tap = 2000V


VK~ 680V

For 1000 A tap


Rcr = 5.0 ohms
Rr.= 7.0 ohms
40000
VK~2x-x(5.0+7.0)
1000

Selected VK at 1000/1 A tap = 1000V

Note:
1. 500/1 A tap shall not be used for bus-bar protection.
2. 500/1 A tap shall be used for Generator circuit protection(Overall Differential,
Overhead Line Differential)

Page 4 of 4

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