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Direct Memory Access

Direct Memory Access (DMA) allows memory components and a DMA controller to transfer data between memory and I/O devices while the CPU is disabled. DMA is commonly used for DRAM refresh, refreshing video displays, and fast disk and memory-to-memory transfers. The 8237 DMA controller bypasses the CPU and directly connects peripherals to memory, controlling the transfer of data across 4 independent channels dedicated to specific devices like floppy or hard disks at a high rate of 1.6MB per second.

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202 views

Direct Memory Access

Direct Memory Access (DMA) allows memory components and a DMA controller to transfer data between memory and I/O devices while the CPU is disabled. DMA is commonly used for DRAM refresh, refreshing video displays, and fast disk and memory-to-memory transfers. The 8237 DMA controller bypasses the CPU and directly connects peripherals to memory, controlling the transfer of data across 4 independent channels dedicated to specific devices like floppy or hard disks at a high rate of 1.6MB per second.

Uploaded by

weilong
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Direct Memory Access

1. DMA able to direct access to the memory while CPU is disable, this enable the
memory components & DMA controller to transfer data between memory &
I/O device.
2. Used for DMA is DRAM refresh, refreshing the video display screen, disk
memory system reads & writes, fast memory to memory transfer.
3. DMA will always take over CPU when using the bus because only 1 master
can be server at a time ,if CPU is working DMA will idel
8237 DMA Controller
1. It bypasses CPU & direct connects between peripherals & memory for fast
transfer of data.
2. It controller has 40-pin chip ,4 channels for transferring data ,& each only for
1 device to transfer data
3. Every channel there are 2 associated signals ,DREQ(DMA Request)for input
(such as hard disk controller) & DACK(DMA Acknowledge )for signal send
back to device.
4. It rate of transfer 1.6M bytes per second ,each channel is capable of
addressing a full 64k bytes section of memory & can transfer up to 64k bytes
with programming.
8237 DMA Interface
1. DMA has 4 independent channels from 0 through 3,each is dedicated to a
specific device ,such as floppy or hard disk.
8237 Controller Chips
1. DMAC chip is use fo servicing 8 bit device.
DMA Operations
1. when DMA transfer data by bus it will sends a signal called HRQ to CPU &
CPU will respond by sending signal HLDA to give permission.
2. Fixed priority :channel 0 is always servicing & channel 3 service only no other
channel is active.

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