Vidyalankar

S.E. Sem. III [CMPN]

Applied Mathematics − III
Prelim Question Paper Solutions

1. (a) By the definition of error function, we have

t
2 − x2
erf t =
π
∫e dx
0
t
1  du 
= ∫ e − u u −1/2 du 2
on substituting x = u, dx = 
π0  2 u

1  t 
∴ L{erf t} = L  ∫ e− u u −1/ 2 du 
π  0 
=
1 1
⋅ L{e− u u −1/2 }
π s
{ofbyantheintegral
theorem of the Laplace transform
}
1 1 1/2
= ⋅ {by the first shifting property}
π s (s + 1)1/2

∴ L{erf t} =
1
{∵ 1/2 = π}
s s +1
1. (b) 3x + 4y + 5z = a
4x + 5y + 6z = b
5x + 6y + 7z = c
3 4 5 a
[A : D] =  4 5 6 b 

 5 6 7 c 
R3 ↔ R1
5 6 7 c
[A : D] =  4 5 6 b 

 3 4 5 a 
R1 − R2 ; R2 − R3
1 1 1 c − b 
[A : D] = 1 1 1 b − a 
 
 3 4 5 a 
R3 − 3R1 ; R2 − R1
1 1 1 c−b 
[A : D] = 0 0 0 2b − a − c 

 
 0 1 2 a − 3c − 3b 
Now for the equation to be consistent
ρ (A) = ρ (A : D) = 2
∴ we see that the 2nd row = 0
∴ 2b − a − c = 0
a+c
∴ b=
2
∴ a, b, c must be in AP.
(2) Vidyalankar : S.E. – Maths III

1. (c) f(x) = 0 −2 < x < −1

;
= 1+x −1 < x < 0
;
= 1−x ;
0<x<2
∞
 nπx nπx 
f(x) = a 0 + ∑  a n cos + a n sin 
n =1  L L 
L L
1 1 nπx
a0 =
2L ∫ f (x) dx ; an =
L −∫L
f (x)cos
L
dx ;
−L
L
1 nπx
bn =
L ∫ f (x) sin L
dx
−L

1
2
1  −1 0 1 2 
 ∫ 0dx + ∫ (1 + x)dx + ∫ (1 − x) dx ∫ 0dx 
2xy −∫2
a0 = f (x)dx =
8  −2 −1 0 1 
 2 0 
1
1 x
 x +  +  x x2   1  1 1 1
[1]
= −  = 1 − +1 −  =
8  2  −1  2   8 2 2 8
 0
1
∴a0=
8
1 nπx 
2 0 1
1 nπx nπx
an = ∫ f (x) cos dx =  ∫ (1+ x) cos dx + ∫ (1− x) cos dx 
4 −2
4 4  −1 4 0
4 
0 1
 sin nπx  − cos nπx    sin nπx  − cos nπx  
 (1 + x) (1)    (1− x) (−1)  
1 4 +  4  4 +  4 
=   +  
4  nπ   n π 
2
   nπ   n π 
2

           
  4   4   −1   4   4  0
 nπ nπ 
cos cos
1  −16 4 +0− 4 −0− 16  1  −32  −8
=  2 2 −0 + 2 2 2 2  =  2 2 = 2 2
4 n π  nπ   nπ  n π  4 n π  n π
     
 4   4 
8
∴an= − 2 2
n π
2
1 nπx
bn =
8 ∫ f (x) sin
4
dx
−2
0 1
1 nπx 1 nπx
=
8 ∫ (1 + x)sin
4
dx +
8 ∫ (1− x)sin 4
dx
−1 0
0 1
  nπx   nπx     nπx   nπx  
 (1 + x)  − cos  (1)  − sin    (1− x)  − cos  (−1)  − sin 
1
=   4  +  4  + 1   4  +  4 
8  nπ   nπ 
2  8  nπ   nπ 
2 
           
  4   4   −1   4   −4  0
 nπ nπ 
sin sin
1  −4 4 +0− 4 + 4 
=  −0+0+ + 0 = 0
8  nπ  nπ 
2
 nπ 
2 nπ 
     
 4   4 
 Prelim Question Paper Solutions (3)

∴The fourier series is given by

∞
1 −8 nπx
f(x) = + ∑ 2 2 cos
8 n =1 n π 4

z +1 (z −1) + 2
1. (d) F(z) = 2
=
z − 2z +1 (z −1) 2
1 2
F(z) = +
(z −1) (z −1) 2
Taking inverse transform
 1 2 
F(k) = Z −1  + 2
 (z −1) (z −1) 
Now consider,
 1 
f1(k) = Z −1  
 z −1 
1
=
z (1 − z −1 )

=
1
(1+ z−1 + z −2 + ....)
z
= z−1 + z−2 + z−3 + ……
f1(k) = 1k−1 u(k − 1) k>0
Now,
2
f2(z) =
(z −1)2
∴f2(k) = 2. (k − 1) 1k−2 u(k − 2) k > 0
= 2(k − 1) u(k − 2)
∴f(k) = u(k − 1) + 2(k − 1) u(k − 2) ; k>0

2. (a) (i) We write A = I3AI4 where I3 and I4 are unit matrices of order 3 and 4 respectively.
1 0 0 0 
4 3 1 6 1 0 0   
 2 4 2 2  = 0 1 0  A 0 1 0 0 
    0 0 1 0 
12 14 5 16  0 0 1   
 0 0 0 1 
Note: We reduce A to the normal form, by applying row and column transformations. The
same row transformation will be applied to left unit matrix i.e., I3 and same column
transformation will be effected to right matrix I4. Matrix A to the right will remain unaltered.
1 0 0 0 
4 3 1 6 1 0 0   
 2 4 2 2  = 0 1 0  A 0 1 0 0 
    0 0 1 0 
12 14 5 16  0 0 1   
 0 0 0 1 

R3 − 3R1
1 0 0 0
4 3 1 6   1 0 0 
2 4 2 2   0 1 0 A 0 1 0 0 
=   0
  0 1 0
 0 5 2 −2  −3 0 1   
0 0 0 1
(4) Vidyalankar : S.E. – Maths III

4 3 1 6  1 0 0 0
 1 0 0 
0
2 1 2 1 1   0 1 0  A 0 1 0
 
= 
  0 0 1 0
 0 5 2 −2  −3 0 1   0 0 0 1 

R1 ↔ R2
1 0 0 0
1 2 1 1   0 1 0 
 1 0 0  A 0 1 0 0 
2 4 3 1 6  =   0
  0 1 0
 0 5 2 −2  −3 0 1   
 0 0 0 1 
R2 − 4R1; and then R3 + R2
1 0 0 0
1 2 1 1   0 1 0 
 1 −4 0  A  0 1 0 0
2  0 −5 −3 2 =   0
  0 1 0
 0 0 −1 0   −2 −4 1   
 0 0 0 1 
C2 − 2C3
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1   0 1 0 
 1 −4 0  A  0 1 0 0 
2  0 1 −3 2  =    0 −2
  1 0
 0 2 −1 0   −2 −4 1   
 0 0 0 1 
C3 − C1
 1 0 −1 0
1 0 0 1   0 1 0 
 1 −4 0  A  0 1 0 0
2  0 1 −3 2  =    0 −2 1
  0
 0 2 −1 0   −2 −4 1   
 0 0 0 1 
R3 − 2R2
 1 0 −1 0
1 0 0 1   0 1 0 
  0 1 0 0
2  0 1 −3 2  =  1 −4 0  A  0 −2 1
  0
 0 0 5 −4  −4 4 1   
 0 0 0 1 
C4 − C1
 1 0 −1 0
1 0 0 0   0 1 0 
 1 −4 0  A  0 1 0 0
2  0 1 −3 2  =  
   0 −2 1 0
 0 0 5 −4  −4 4 1   
 0 0 0 1 
C3 + C4
 1 0 −1 0
1 0 0 0   0 1 0 
 1 −4 0  A  0 1 0 0
2  0 1 −1 2  =  
   0 −2 1 0
 0 0 1 −4  −4 4 1   
 0 0 1 1 
C3 + C2
1 0 0 0   0 1 0  1 0 −1 0
2 0 1 0 2   1 −4 0  A  0 1 1 0
 
=    
 0 0 1 −4   −4 4 1   0 −2 −1 0
 0 0 1 1 
 Prelim Question Paper Solutions (5)

C4 − 2C2; and then C4 + 4C3

 1 0 −1 −4 
1 0 0 0  0 1 0  
2 0 1 0 0 =  1 −4 0  A  0 1 1 2 
     0 −2 −1 0 
 0 0 1 0  −4 4 1   
 0 0 1 5 
1 0 −1 −4 
1 0 0 0  0 1 0 
0 1 0 0 1   0 1 1 2 
∴ = 1 −4 0  A
  2  0 −2 −1 0 
 0 0 1 0  −4 4 1   
 0 0 1 5 
 0 1 0  1 0 −1 −4 
1 0 1 1 2 
∴P =
 1 −4 0 ; Q =  
2  0 −2 −1 0 
 −4 4 1   0 0 1 5 
Rank of A = ρ(A) = ρ(PAQ) = 3

(ii) Let us first find | A |.

P P 2
we have, | A | = 2 P P
P 2 P
= P (P2 − 2P) − P (2P − P2) + 2 (4 − P2)
= P2 (P − 2) + P2 (P − 2) − 2 (P − 2) (P + 2)
= (P − 2) [P2 + P2 − 2 (P + 2)]
= (P − 2) (2P2 − 2P − 4)
= 2 (P − 2) (P2 − P − 2)
= 2 (P −2) (P −2) (P + 1)
If | A | = 0, then P = 2 or P = −1.
In this case ρ (A) < 3, i.e., rank of A is either 1 or 2.
Consider, if P = 2, then
2 2 2
|A|= 2 2 2
2 2 2
All rows are identical; therefore all minors of order 2 are zero.
Hence rank of A = 1, when P = 2. … (1)
If P = − 1, then
−1 −1 2
| A | = 2 −1 −1
−1 2 −1
−1 −1
Consider the minor =1+2=3≠0
2 −1
Hence rank of A is 2, when P = −1. … (2)
Now, for rank 3, | A | ≠ 0, i.e., P can take any value other than 2 or −1.
Thus (1), (2) and (3) determine the required result.
(6) Vidyalankar : S.E. – Maths III

2. (b) (i) Let f(x) = e−xcosx

The fourier cosine integral is
∞
f(x) = ∫ A(w) cos ωxdω
0
∞
2
π ∫0
where A(w) = f (v) cos ωvdv

f(x) = e−xcosx = Re e− x .eix 

∞

∫ Re ( e ) cos ωv dv
2 − (1− i)x
A(ω) = Re
π 0
 2 ∞ 
−1(1 − i)x
= Re  ∫e cos ωvdv 
 π 0 
  −1(1− i)x ∞
 −2 e  
= Re   2 ( −ω sin ωv + (1− i) cos ωv )  
 π  ω + (1− i)
2
 0 
 −2  
Re   0 − 2 (1 − i)  
1
=
π
  ω − 2i  
 2  (1 − i) (ω2 + 2i)    2  ω + 2i −ω i + 2 
2 2
= Re     = Re  
 
 π  π 
2
 (ω + 4)   ω2 + 4 
 2  (ω2 + 2) + i (2 − ω2 )  
= Re    

 π  (ω2 + 4)  
2 (ω2 + 2)
A(ω) =
π ω2 + 4
∞
2 (ω2 + 2)
∴ f(x) = ∫ π (ω2 + 4)
cos ωx dω
0
−ax
(ii) f(x) = e a>0
∞ ∞ 
2
f(x) = ∫  ∫ f (t)sin λt dt  sin λx dx
π 0  0 
is called the Fourier sine integral.
Consider the integral
∞ ∞
− at
B(λ)= ∫ f (t)sin λt dt = ∫e sin λt
0 0
∞
 −e −at  2a / π
=  2 2
( λ sin λt + a cos λt ) =
 (a + λ )  0 (a 2 + λ 2 )
∞
2a / π
∴e ∫ (a 2 + λ 2 ) sin λx dx
-ax
=
0
∞
π a sin λx
∴ e −ax = ∫ (a 2 + λ 2 ) dx
2 0
is the required Fourier sine integral.
 Prelim Question Paper Solutions (7)

1
3. (a) (i) L {sin t} = 2
s +1
1
Then L {e3t sin t} = {by first shifting property}
(s − 3)2 + 1
1
= 2
s − 6s + 10
d  1 
Then L {t e3t sin t}= −  2
ds  s − 6s + 10 
 (−1) (2s − 6)  2 (s − 3)
= − =
2 2
 (s − 6s + 10)  (s − 6s + 10)2
2

t t t t
(ii) 1 + sin t = sin 2 + 2sin cos + cos 2
2 2 2 2
2
 t t t t
 sin + cos 
= = sin + cos
 2 2 2 2

{
t
∴ L (1 + sin t) = L sin + cos
2
t
2 }
1/2 s 2 4s
= + = +
s2 +
1
s2 +
1 4s + 1 4s 2 + 1
2

4 4
2 (1 + 2s)
=
4s 2 + 1
d  2(1 + 2s) 
Hence L{t 1 + sin t} = −  
ds  4s 2 + 1 
 (4s 2 + 1) (2) − (1 + 2s) (8s)   4s 2 + 1 − 4s − 8s 2 
= −2  = −4 
 (4s 2 + 1)2 
2
 (4s + 1)
2

 4s 2 − 4s + 1   4s 2 + 4s − 1
= −4 2 2 
= 4 2 2 
 (4s + 1)   (4s + 1) 

  2 
3. (b) (i) L−1 cot −1  2  
 s 
2  (s + 1) − (s −1) 
Let f(s) = cot −1 2 = cot −1  2 
s  1+ (s −1) 
= cot−1(s + 1) + cot−1 (s − 1)
Now consider, L cot−1 (s + 1)
−1

Let, ∴ f(s)1 = cot-1 (s + 1)

d −1
∴ f (s)1 =
ds 1 + (s +1) 2
Taking Inverse Laplace Transform
(−1)t. f(t) = e−t.sint
L−1cot−1(s − 1) = etsint
f(s) = cot−1 (s − 1) + cot−1 (s + 1)
(8) Vidyalankar : S.E. – Maths III

∴ f(t) = L−1 cot−1 (s − 1) + L−1 cot−1 (s + 1)

= et sint + e−tsint
 e t + e− t 
= 2sint  
 2 
f(t) = 2sint. cosh t

1 −as  3π  1
(ii) Since, L H (t − a) = e , we have L H  t −  = e− 3πs/2 .
s  2 s
 π π  π  π   π
Now sin t = sin  t − +  = sin  +  t −   − cos  t − 
 2 2  2  2   2
 π   π   π 
∴ L sin t
H  t −  = L cos  t −  ⋅ H  t −  
 2   2   2 
Since, L [f (t − a)
H (t − a)] = e−as L f (t)
  π   π   −πs/2 s
L  cos  t −  ⋅ H  t −  = e L cos t = e−πs/2 ⋅ 2
  2   2  s +1
  π  3π   s 1
∴ L sin t ⋅ H  t −  − H  t −   = e −πs / 2 . 2 − e −3πs / 2
  2  2  s +1 s

2
 π−x 
3. (c) f(x) =   [0, 2π]
 2 
∞ ∞
a0
f(x) = + ∑ a n cos nx + ∑ b n sin nx
2 n =1 n =1
2π
1
a0 =
π ∫ f (x) dx
0
2π 2
1  π−x 
=
π ∫ 
 2 
 dx
0
2π
1  (π − x)3 
=  
4π  −3  0
−1 −1 π2
= [ −π3 − π3 ] = × − 2π3 =
12π 12π 6

2π
1
∫ ( π − x ) cos(nx) dx
2
an =
4π 0
2π
1  2 sin nx  − cos nx   − sin nx  
=
4π  ( π − x) − 2( π − x) ( −1)  2  + 2( −1)  
 n  n   n 3  0
2π
1  π − x  sin nx (cos nx) sin nx 
=
π  2  n − 2( π − x) + 3 
 n2 n 0
1  −2( −π) 2( π)  4
= 0− + 0 − 0 + 2 − 0 =
4π  n 2
n  4n 2
1
∴ an =
n2
 Prelim Question Paper Solutions (9)

2π 2 2π
1  π−x  1
bn =
π ∫ 
 2 
 sin nx dx =
4π ∫ (π − x) 2 sin nx dx
0 0
2π
1  2  − cos nx   − sin nx  cos nx 
=
4π  ( π − x)   − 2( π − x) ( −1) 
 2  + 2(−1) 3 
 n  n  n 0
1  2  −1  2  −1  2
=  π   − 0 − 3 − π2 .   + 0 + 3 
4π   n  n  n  n 
1
= [0] = 0
4π
∴ bn = 0

∞
π2 1
∴ f(x) =
6
+ ∑ n2
cos nx ……(i)
n =1
Put x = 2π or 0
∞
π2 π2 1
4
=
12
+ ∑ n2
cos 2nπ
n =1
∞
π2 1
∴
6
= ∑ n2 ∵ cos2nπ = 1
n =1

π2 1 1 1
∴ = 2
+ 2
+ + ......... ……(ii)
6 1 2 32
Put x = π
∞
π2 1
0 =
12
+ ∑ n2
cos nπ
n =1

−π2 1 1 1
∴ = cos π + 2 cos 2π + 2 cos3π + .......
12 12 2 3
−π2 −1 1 1
∴ = 2
+ 2
−
12 1 2 32
π2 1 1 1
∴ = 2
− 2
+ + ........ ……(iii)
12 1 2 32

Adding (ii) and (iii) we have,

π2 2 2 2
= 2
+ 2
+ + ......
4 1 3 52
π2 1 1 1
∴ = 2
+ 2
+ + ......
8 1 3 52

4. (a) (i) ek sinαk

z sin α
Now, z[{sinαk}] = 2
z − 2z cos α +1
By applying change of scale formula, we get
z
sin α
Z[eksinαk}] = e
2
z z
  − 2   cos α + 1
e e
(10) Vidyalankar : S.E. – Maths III

(ii) f(k) = ak / k!
∞
a k −k
z[{f(k)}] = ∑ k!
z
k =0
2 3
a a
−1 2 −2 3 −3    
a
1+   + z +  z  + ......
az a z a z
= 1+ + + =
1! 2! 3! z 2! 3!
a
= ez
(iii) f(k) = a cosαk + bsinαk …….(i)
2
z − z cos α
z [cosαk] = 2
z − 2zcosα + 1
z sin α a(z 2 − z cos α) bz sin α
z[sinαk] = 2
= 2
+ 2
z − 2z cos α + 1 z − 2z cos α +1 z − 2z cos α + 1
az 2 − z(a cos α − bsin α)
=
(z 2 − 2z cos α +1)
1 k ≥ 0
(iv) f(k) = 
0 k < 0
∞
z[f(k)] = ∑ f (k)
k = −∞
1 ∞ ∞
= ∑ f (k)z − k + ∑ f (k) z − k = 0+ ∑ z −k
k = −∞ k =0 k =0
−1 −2 −3 −4
= 1 + z + z + z + z + …..
1
=
(1− z −1 )
z
=
(z − 1)

1 2s
4. (b) Let Φ (s) = 2 2
∴ Φ′(s) = −
s +a (s + a 2 ) 2 2

1
But L−1 Φ (s) = sin at and L−1 [Φ′(s)] = −t L−1 Φ (s)
a
 2s  1
∴ L−1  − = − t sin at
2 2 2
 (s + a )  a
 s  1
∴ L−1  = t sin at
2 2 2
 (s + a )  2a
d −1
But L−1 [s Φ (s)] = [L Φ (s)]
dt
 s  d1 
∴ L−1 s =  t sin at 
2 2 2 dt  2a 
 (s + a ) 
1
= [sin at + at cos at]
2a
 Prelim Question Paper Solutions (11)

4. (c) Taking Laplace transforms of both sides

L (y′′) + 4 L (y) = L f (t)
But L (y′′) = s 2 y − sy(0) − y '(0) = s 2 y − 1
∴ s 2 y − 1 + 4y = Φ (s) where L f (t) = Φ (s)
∴ (s2 + 4) y = 1 + Φ (s)
1 Φ (s)
∴ y = 2 + 2
s +4 s +4
We now express f (t) as Heavisides unit step function,
∴ f (t) = H (t) − H (t − 1)
1 −s 1
∴ −e ⋅
L f (t) =
s s
1 1  1 −s 1 
∴ y = 2 + 2 −e
s + 4 s + 4  s s 
1 1 −s 1
= + − e
s2 + 4 s (s2 + 4) s (s2 + 4)
Taking inverse Laplace transform
1 1 1
y = sin 2t + (1 − cos 2t) − {1 − cos (t − 1)}H (t − 1)
2 4 4

2
5. (a) Given f(x) =1− x , if | x | ≤ 1
= 0, if | x | > 1
i.e., f(x)
= 0, −∞ ≤ x < −1
= 1 − x2 −1 ≤ x < +1
=0 +1 ≤ x < +∞
The Fourier transform of f(x) is
∞
1  
F(s) = F [ f (x) ] =  ∫ f (x) e dx 
isx
2 π  −∞ 
−1 ∞
1  
1
 ∫ f (x)e dx + ∫ f (x)e dx + ∫ f (x)e dx 
isx isx isx
=
2 π  −∞ −1 1 
1
1
∫ (1 − x )e dx .
2 isx
=
2 π −1
Integrating using generalize form of integration by parts
1
1  2 e
isx
eisx eisx 
F(s) =  (1 − x ) − ( −2x) + ( −2) 
2 π  is (is) 2 (is)3  −1

1  eis eis   e −is e −is  

=   0 − 2 2 − 2i 3  −  0 + 2 2 − 2i 3  
2 π   s s   s s  
 eis + e −is
2 eis − eis 
= −  2
+ i 
 s
2π s3 
2  2coss 2sin s  4  scos s − sin s 
=−  2 − 3 =−  
2π  s s  2π  s3 

Thus the inverse Fourier transform

(12) Vidyalankar : S.E. – Maths III

∞
1 −4  s coss − sin s  −isx
∴ f (x) = ∫ 
2π −∞ 2 π  s3
 e ds

∞
2  s coss − sin s 
= − ∫  s3
π −∞  (cossx − i sin sx)ds

∞ ∞
2  s cos s − sin s  2  s cos s − sin s 
=− ∫   cos sx dx + i ∫   sin sx ds
3
π −∞  s  π −∞  s3 
 s coss − sin s 
As   cos sx is an even function.
 s3 
 s coss − sin s 
and   sin sx is an odd function of s, in −∞ < x < ∞.
 s3 
∞
2  s coss − sin s 
f(x) = − ∫  s3
π −∞
 cossx ds

∞
−4  s coss − sin s  2
π ∫0 
i.e.,   cos sx ds = 1− x , if | x | < 1
s3 
= 0, if | x | > 1
1
Taking x = , which lies in (−1, 1), we get
2
∞ 2
−4  s coss − sin s  s 1
∫
π 0
s 3 

cos   ds = 1 −  
2  2
∞
 s coss − sin s  s 3 π  3
∫  s 3  cos  2  ds = 4  −4  = − 16 π
    
0
∞
 x cos x − sin x  x −3π
∫  x 3  cos   ds =
 2 16
Hence the solution.
0

5. (b) Given equations are :

(i)
1 2 3   x  4
1 3 4   y  = 5
     
1 3 λ   z  µ 
Consider
1 2 3 4 
[A : D] = 1 3 4 5 
 
1 3 λ µ 
R3 − R2, R2 - R1
1 2 3 4 
[A : D] = 0 1 1 1 

 0 0 (λ − 4) µ − 5
R1 − 2R2
1 0 1 2 
[A : D] = 0 1 1 1  is in canonical form.

 0 0 (λ − 4) µ − 5
 Prelim Question Paper Solutions (13)

(i) For λ = 4 ; and µ ≠ 5

ρ(A) = 2 ; ρ(AD) = 3
∴ ρ(A) ≠ ρ(AD)
∴system is consistent and would have no solution.
(ii) for λ ≠ 4 for any µ
ρ(A) = ρ(AD) = 3 = Number of unknowns
∴system is consistent and hence a unique solution.
(iii) for λ = 4 and µ = 5
ρ(A) = ρ(AD) = 2 < Number of unknowns
∴ system has infinite number of solutions.

 −8 4 a
1
(ii) A = 1 4 b 
9
 4 7 c 
A is orthogonal
A.A′ = I
 −8 1 4
1
A′ = 4 4 7 
9
 a b c 
 −8 4 a   −8 1 4  1 0 0
1    
A.A′ = 1 4 b  4 4 7  = 0 1 0 
81  
 4 7 c   a b c   0 0 1 
 64 + 16 + a 2 −8 + 16 + ab −32 + 28 + ac 
  1 0 0 
 −8 +16 + ab 1 +16 + b 2 4 + 28 + bc  = 81  0 1 0 
 
2  0 0 1 
 −32 + 28 + ac 4 + 28 + bc 16 + 49 + c 
Comparing LHS and RHS we have
a2 + 80 = 81 ; 17 + b2 = 81 ; 65 + c2 = 81
∴ a =1
2 2
; b = 64 ; c2 = 16
∴ a = ±1 ; b=±8 ; c=±4
Also bc + 32 = 0 8 + ab = 0 ; −4 + ac = 0
∴bc = −32 ; ab = −8 ∴ac = 4
Let a and c be positive. ∴a = 1; c = 4; ∴b = −8

1 1 1
6. (a) F(z) = = −
(z − 3)(z − 2) z −3 z −2
Case 1 : | z | < 2.
−1 −1
−1 1 1 1 −1  z  1 z 
F(z) = + = 1 −  + 1 − 
3 1 − (z / 3) 2 1 − (z / 2) 3  3 2 2
−1  z z 2 z3  1  z z 2 z3 
=  1 + + 2 + 3 + ....  +  1 + + 2 + 3 + .... 
3 3 3 3  2 2 2 2 
1 z z 2 z3 1 z z 2 z3
= − − 2 − 3 − 4 ...... + + 2 + 3 + 4 + .....
3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2
Case 2 : 2 < | z | < 3.
−1 −1
1 1 1 1 1 z 1  2
F(z) = − − = − 1 −  − 1 − 
3 1 − (z / 3) z 1 − (2 / z) 3  3 z  z
(14) Vidyalankar : S.E. – Maths III

1  z z2 z3  1  2 2 2 23 
= − 1 + + 2 + 3 + ..... − 1 + + 2 + 3 + .....
3 3 3 3  z z z z 

1 z z 2 z3 1 2 2 2 23
= − − 2 − 3 − 4 − .... − − 2 − 3 − 4 − ....
3 3 3 3 z z z z
3 2 2
z z z 1 1 2 2 23
= …… 4 − 3 − 2 − − − 2 − 3 − 4 − ....
3 3 3 3 z z z z
3 2
z z z 1
= ……− 4 − 3 − 2 − − z −1 − 2z −2 − 22 z −3 − 23 z −4 − .....
3 3 3 3
{ }
= −2k −1 z − k , k > 0

= {−3 } , k ≤ 0
k −1

Case 3 : |z|>3
1 1 1 1
F(z) = −
z 1 − (3 / z) z 1 − (2 / z)
−1 −1
1 3 1 2
= 1 −  − 1 − 
z z z z
1  3 32 33  1 2 4 8 
= 1 + + 2 + 3 + .... − 1 + + 2 + 3 + ....
z z z z  z z z z 
1 3 32 33 1 2 4 8
= + 2 + 3 + 4 + .... − − 2 − 3 − 4 − ......
z z z z z z z z
{
k −1
= 3 −2 k −1 − k
z ,k≥1 }
=0 , k≤0

2
6. (b) Here f(x) = e − x therefore
∞
2 −t2
Fc [s] = Fc [ f (x) ] =
π ∫0
e cosst dt ……(i)

∞
dFc (s) 2 −t2
π ∫0
Diff. w.r.t. s, = e (− t sin st)dt
ds

∫ ( −te ) sin st dt
∞
dFc (s) 2 −t2
or =
ds π 0
Now integrating R.H.S. by parts
∞ ∞
dFc [s] 2  1 −t2  1 2 
=  sin st e  − ∫ cos st .s. e − t dt 
ds π  2 0 0 2 
∞
dFc [s] 2  s −t2 
 s
= 0 − ∫ cos st e dt  = − Fc [s]
ds π  20  2
dFc [s] −s
or = ds
Fc [s] 2
Integrating
s2
log Fc [s] = − + c
4
 Prelim Question Paper Solutions (15)

s2 s2
− +c −
⇒ Fc [s] = e 4 = Ae 4 ……(ii)
When S = 0, Fc [0] = A ……(iii)
∞
2 − t2 1 2π2  1  1
π ∫0
From (i) Fc [0] = e dt =  = ……(iv)
2 π 2 2
1
From (iii) and (iv) we get, A=
2
s2
1 −
⇒ Fc [s] = Fc [f (x)] = e 4 .
2

 2i 2 + i 1− i 

6. (c) (i) A =  −2 + i −i 3i 
 −1 − i 3i 0 
A can be expressed in the form P + iQ
P is a real skew − symmetric
Q is a real symmetric.
 2i −2 + i −1− i 
A′ =  2 + i −i 3i 

 1− i 3i 0 
 −2i −2 − i −1 + i 
A′ = 2 − i i −3i  = A*

 1+ i −3i 0 
 2i 2 + i 1− i   −2i −2 − i −1 + i 
A + A* 1
∴P = =  −2 + i −i 3i  +  2 − i i −3i 
2 2
 −1 − i 3i 0   1+ i −3i 0 
0 0 0 
1
= 0 0 0 = [0]
2
0 0 0

 2i 2 + i 1− i   −2i −2 − i −1+ i 
A − A* 1
Q = = −2 + i −i 3i  −  2 − i i −3i 
2 2i 
 −1 − i3i 0   1+ i −3i 0 
 4i 4 + 2i 2 − 2i 
1
= −4 + 2i −2i 6i 
2
 −2 − 2i 6i 0 
 2i 2 + i 1− i
1
= −2 + i −i 3i 
i 
 −1− i 3i 0 

(ii) Given that A is a skew Hermitian matrix

A = A* …….(i)
Where A* = (A′) = ( A′ )
(16) Vidyalankar : S.E. – Maths III

Now consider iA.

Let B = iA
∴ B = −i A
∴ (B)′ = ( −i) (A)′ …….(ii)
From (i) ( A′ ) = A = −A *

= (−i) (−A) = iA
∴ (iA) *
= iA
∴A is Hermitian.

7. (a) f(x) = cosh 3x + sinh 3x …….(i) (−π, π)

x −x 3x −3x
e +e e −e
cosh 3x = ; sinh 3x =
2 2
3x −3x 3x −3x
e +e e −e
∴f(x) = +
2 2
3x
2e
= = e3x
2
3x
∴f(x) = e …….(ii)
Now, complex form of Fourier series is given by,
∞ π
1
F(x)= ∑ cn .e inx
where cn =
2π ∫ f (x).e
− inx
dx
n = −∞ −π
π
1
∴ cn = ∫e
3x
.e −inx dx
2π −π
π
1 x(3 − in)
=
2π ∫e dx
−π
π
1  e x(3 − in) 
=  
2π  (3 − in) 
−π
1  e π(3 − in) − e −π(3 − in) 
=
2π (3 − in)  
1  e3π .e−inπ − e −3π .einπ 
=
2π (3 − in)  

e ±inπ = cos (nπ) ± isin (nπ) sin n π = 0 ; n = 0, 1, 2

∴e±inπ = cos n π
1 cos nπ.sinh 3π
∴ cn = [cos nπ (e3π − e −3π )] =
2π (3 − in) π (3 − in)
(−1) n sinh 3π (−1) n sinh 3π(3 + in)
cn = =
(3 − in)π π(9 + n 2 )
( −1) n
cn = (3 + in)sinh 3π
(9 + n 2 ) π
∞
(−1) n
∴ f(x) = ∑
n =−∞ (9 + n 2 )π
(3 + in)sinh 3π .e+ in x

sinh 3π ∞
(−1) n
=
π
∑
n =−∞ (9 + n )
2
(3 + in) ein x
 Prelim Question Paper Solutions (17)

7. (b) f(x) = sin nx ; [0, 2π]

2π
Let I = ∫ sin mx. sin nx dx
0
m≠n
2π

∫ [cos(m + n) − cos(n − m)x ]

2π
= 0
dx
0
2π
 sin (m + n)x sin(n − m)x 
=  (m + n) − (n − m) 
 0
= 0

If m = n
2π

∫ sin
2
I = nx dx
0
2π 2π
 1 − cos 2x  1 2 π  sin 2x 
[ x ]0 − 
= ∫0  2  dx =
2  4  0
I = π
∴ ∫ f m (x) . f n (x) dx = 0 if m ≠ n
≠ 0 if m = n
∴ sin nx is a orthogonal set of function.
1
The orthonormal set is given by multiplying the set by and construct a set B
π
 1 1 1 
∴ B=  sin x, sin 2x, sin 3x, .........
 π π π 

7. (c) (i) Theorem : Prove that inverse of a matrix is unique.

Proof :
Let A be a square matrix of order n.
Let B and C be two inverse of A
Then AB = BA = In … (1)
AC = CA = In … (2)

Step 1 : from (1) AB = In

Multiply by C to both sides,
C(AB) = C In
∴ C(AB) = C … (3)

Step 2 : from (2)

CA = In
∴ (CA)B = In B multiply by B
∴ (CA)B = B … (4)
But C(AB) = (CA)B ∵ A, B, C are square matrices.
Hence product can be taken in any order.
∴ from (3) and (4), B = C
Hence, every matrix has unique inverse.

Calculation of Inverse :
Inverse of a matrix can be found by,
1
A −1 = adj.A
|A|
(18) Vidyalankar : S.E. – Maths III

(ii) Theorem : adj. (AB) = adj B . adj A

Proof :
We have A(adj A) = | A | I n … (i)
write (AB) in place of A.
∴ AB (adj AB) = | AB | I n
Step 1 : Premultiplying by A −1 we get,
A −1 . AB (adj A) = A −1 | AB | I n
−1
∴ ( AA −1 ) B (adj AB) = A | AB | I n
−1
∴ I n . B (adj AB) = A | AB | I n
−1
∴ I n B . (adj AB) = A | AB | I n … (1)
−1
Step 2 : Premultiplying by B we get,
−1 −1 −1
InB . B (adj AB) = B . A | AB | I n
−1 −1
I n . (adj AB) = B . A | AB | I n
−1 −1
∴ (adj AB) = B . A | AB | … (2)
1
But B −1 = adj B
|B|
1
A −1 = adj A
|A|
and | AB | = | A | . | B |
1 1
∴ (adj AB) = adj B. adj A | AB |
|B| |A|
1 1
= . adj B. adj A | A | | B |
|B| |A|
∴ (adj AB) = adj B . adj A … (A)

s 1
7. (d) Let Φ1 (s) = 2 , Φ2 (s) = 2 .
s +4 s +1
∴ L−1 Φ1 (s) = cos 2t, L−1 Φ2 (s) = sin t
t

∫ cos 2u ⋅ sin(t − u)du

−1
∴ L Φ (s) =
0
t t
1 1 1 
2 ∫0
= [sin (u + t) + sin(t − 3u)]du =  − cos(u + t) + (t − 3u) 
2 3 0
1 1 1  1 2 2 
=  − cos 2t + cos 2t + cos t − cos t  =  cos t − cos 2t 
2 3 3  2 3 3 
1
= [cos t − cos 2t]
3