tm;emjcif;onf ukodkvfrjzpf

(rif;pdk;pH)
tm;emjcif;onf ukov dk frjzpf qdyk gvsif/tm;emjcif;onf tukov
dk fjzpfonf [k qdv k dkufygu rSm;av
rnfavm? ukodkvfESifhtukov dk fonfqef husifbufjzpfonfhtm;av#mfpGm tm;emjcif;a-umift h ukodkvf
rsm; jzpfae&onfh om"ursm;udk Tae&mYwifjyvdkygonf? xdkodk hwifjy&mwGif usrf;tapmifapmifudk
zwf&+avhvm_yD; wifjyxm;jcif;r[kwfygI tm;enf;csufrsm;waxG;wayG h}uD;jzifh r$rf;xkx H m;onfhwifjy
r+rsm;udo k nf;cH_yD;onfh umv zwf&+rdvdkufonfhtwGuf rdrdudk,fydkiftcsdefrsm;udk rSm;,Gif;pGmtok;H jyK
vduk rf davjcif;[k }uD;rm;vSaomaemifw r&rdap&ef OD;pGmy%mr awmif;yefvdkuf&ygonf?
tm;emjcif;udk u&ifa0g[m&jzifh nm,SK*f [kqdkygonf?-urf;wrf;onf avmfrmonf &dkif;pdkif;onf em;
uavmp&majymonf[krSwfxifrSm;jcif;r&Sdap&ef OD;pGmyxrawmif;yefjcif;ESifhtwl tm;emaoma-umifh
uav;okH;a,mufuadk rG;omarG;vdkufonf tazray:aomuav;tarwOD;ta-umif;wifjyvdyk gonf?
&Gmw&GmwGiftvGefoabmaumif;_yD;tm;emwwfaomtrsdK;orD;wOD;&SdcJhbl;ygonf?
tvGeftm;emwwfaomxdt k rsdK;orD;onf a-um&&kH}uHaoma,musfm;rsm;udk tm;ememjzifhtvdkvu dk f
t}udKufaqmifvdkufonfrSm uav;omwa,muf_yD;wa,mufarG;vmvdu k faomfvnf; uav;taz
rnfolrnf0gjzpfonfqdkonfudkrjyEdkifacs?
xdk htwl tvGeftm;emwwfaom trsdK;om;wOD;vnf; xdkacwf xdktcg xdt k csdefY ay:aygufvmcJhyg
onf? twdck sKOf;vdu k faomf tESDtvGeftm;emwwfaom uav;tarudktvGeftrif;tm;emwwfaom
vlysdK}uD;uvufxyfxdef;jrm; t-uifvifr,m;tjzpfaygif;oif;aexdik favawmhownf;? xdkokd haygif;
oif;aexdik fvmcJ-h uaomfvnf; vifr,m;t&mrajrmufyJ&Sdavawmh.? ta-umif;rlum; xdv k lysdK}uD;
[kqdkaoma,mufsm;om;onf tESDuav;tartrsdK;orD;udk tvGeftrif; txl;wvnftm;emaom
a-umifh umaroktr+ arxkefudpPudk a&Smifaoma-umifhjzpfyg.?
xdok dk haexdik fvmcJh_yD;umvtwefi,f-umonfhtcg ZeD;onfu tarmif toifonftb,fa-umifh
arxkeftr+udk r}uHpnfyJaeygbdoenf; [kar;aomtcg tvGefw&m tm;emwwfaomvlysdKodk;}uD;u
Todk hajzavawmh.? ESvHk;onf;yGwfwr# cspf&ygaom ESri,f igonf oifhtm; tvGefpy,f&S,ftm;
emaoma-umifh umrpyf,Sufjcif;tr+udk a&Smif-uOfjcif;jzpfygonf? txifrrSm;avvifh? xdkvlysdKodk;}uD;
.tajzudk -um;aomwc%0,f uav;tartrsdK;orD;u tarmif a&S ha&;udk-unfah vmh toifonf
ighudk tm;emaeor# arxkefudpPukad &Smifaeor# oifhtwGuf ausmaxmufaemufcHom;orD;&wemrsm;
xGef;um;Edkifvdrfhrnfr[kwaf cs? odk hjzpfI oifhb0a&S ha&;ESifhvlom; rsdK;EG,fpk &SifoefEdkifa&;twGuf ighudk
tm;remygavESifh?
uav;tarZeD;r,m;u xdo k dk hajymvdu
k f_yD;onfah emufwGif vlysdKodk;}uD;onf tm;remwwfawmh
ojzifh om;orD;&wemrsm; ajrmufrsm;pGmxGef;um;avawmhownf;?
pma&;ol um,uH&Sifudk,fwidk fvnf; tm;emwwfygonf? ae&mwdik f;r[kwfaomfvnf; ae&mtawmf
rsm;rsm;Y tm;remoifhonfah e&mrsm;wGif tm;emcJhaoma-umifh pD;yGg; a&; usef;rma&; vlr+a&; bmom
a&;udpPrsm;wGif xdcdkufepfemcJh&bl;ygonf? xdcdkufepfemae&ygonf?
Tum; yk*~vdu epfemr+rsm;jzpfaoma-umifh wOD;wnf;tusdK;qkwf,kwfojzifh a&;}uD;cGifus,fr[kwf
aomfvnf; trsdK;om;a&;udpPrsm;Y az:jyygtm;remoifhyJ tm;emcJhaomtjzpfrsm;a-umifh aemifu&if
rsdK;qufopfvli,frsm;twGuf xdcdkufepfemp&mrsm;udk jrifrdaomtcg tm;emjcif;onf ukodkvfrjzpfEdkif
onfrSm ta[moduHtaotjcmjzpfvmygawmhonf? odk hjzpfygI atmufygpum;pkrsm;udkqufvuf
avhvmokH;oyfapvdyk gonf?

jrefrmppftpdk;&. 2008zGJ hpnf;ykHtajccHOya'Y Xmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm;wnf&rSd +udkvufcHxm;aomf

vnf; wdkif;&if;om;rsm;.tcGifhta&; &dk;&mpmay,Ofaus;r+xdef;odrf;a&; udpP&yfrsm;udk cdkifcdkifrmrmjy
Xmef;ay;xm;jcif;r&Sda-umif; a0befxm;onf vmrnfu h kvor*~vl htcGifha&;aumifpDtpnf;ta0; t
wGif; aqG;aEG; Edkifa&;twGuf vl htcGifhta&;qdkif&mukvor*~r[mrif;}uD;xHodk hwifoGif;onft h pD&ifcH
pmtwGif; tjcm;urBmhEdkifiH tcsdL hrS wdkif;&if;vlrsdK;ta&;udpPrsm;tjyif jrefrmjynf&Sd csif; u&ifeD rGefESifh
em* wdk h. &dk; &m"avhrsm;aysmufysufoGm;Edkifa-umif; pdk;&drfw}uD;xnfhoiG f;a&;om;az:jyxm;onf?
Tum;Unpo.tpD&ifcHpmrS jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;&Sd Xmaewdik f;&if;om;rsm;twGuf pdk;&drfbG,f&mtajc
taersm;xJrS wpdwfwydkif;r#ut dk enf;i,fomwifjyjcif;jzpfayonf? ,ae hokH;aomacwfpum;t&
yg;yg;av;om&Sdygonf? tb,fha-umifh qdkaomf tjcm;wdik f;&if;om;rsm;udpPrygaoma-umifhjzpfonf?
txl;ojzifh u&ifudpPrygacs? u&iftrnfrygojzifh u&ifh,Ofaus;r+rsm; pmayrsm; &dk;&m"avhxkH;pHrsm;
aysmufysufbG,f&mta-umif;r&Sdawmh[k vl_ydef;awG;rawG;rd&efvydk gonf? u&ifvlrsdK;pktwGif; vuf&Sd
tajctaeonf txl;pdk;&drfbG,f &ifav;bG,f pdwfrcsrf;ajrhbG,f udpP&yfrsm;wdk hu ae&mwdkif; tcsdef
wdik f; ae hpOfESifhtr# awG h& jrif& -um;& od& }uHKqkH&ifqkid fae&aoma-umifh jzpfyg.?
rajymyJESifhaeaeonfudk t onf[kxifum rvkyfoifh rvkyfxdkuf rjyKoifrh jyKxdu k fonfrsm;udk qifjcif
wkwH &m;uif;rJhpGmjzifh xif&mpdkif;ae-uolrsm;a-umifh u&ifvlrsdK;ESifhu&ifh,Ofaus;r+"avhx;kH wrf;rsm;
ysuq f D;aysmufuG,fawmhrnfh umvonf tcsdefESifhwajy;nDydkrdkeD;uyfvmayawmhonf?

u&iftxD;ESifh u&iftr vufxyfxrd f;jrm;&kHr# (vlysdKodk;u,fhodk htm;emwwfonfhu&iftxD;rsm;r&Sd

aomfvnf;) u&ift0wf0wf&kHr# u&ifpum;ajym&kHr# u&ifynmwwfrsm;wdk;wufrsm;jym;vm&kHr#jzifh
u&ifvlrsdK;raysmufawmh[k pmzwfolwdk hxifaeygovm;? rSm;avpG rSm;avpG tvGefrSm;avpG[k ajym
&ygrnf?
wwd,EdkifiHodk hvma&muftjccsaexdkifjcif;onf tajctaeudk ydkrdkqdk;&Gm;oGm;apygonf? ae hw"l0 ae
xdkifa&;twGuf &kef;uefvy+ f&Sm;-u&jcif; pkpkpnf;pnf;jzifhrdrdwdk h ae&yfodk hjyefvnftajccsaexdik f&ef r
vG,fuljcif; aemifvmaemufom; rsdK;qufopfrsm;onfvnf; wquf_yD;wqufjzifh aemufydkif;wGif rdrd
&dk;&m,Ofaus;r+udk xdef;odrf;&efrqdkxm;ESifh rdcifbmompum;udyk if arhaysmufoGm;rnfhtajctaersKd ;
jzpfvmrnf?
txufygpmydk'fonf tar&duef&Sd u&ifeDvlr+u,fq,fa&;tzGJ hrS owif;Xmewckokd hq&mwOD;ajym
oGm;onfh pum;aumufE+wfcsufjzpfygonf/ xdt k cg wdik f;&if;om;"avhx;kH pHESifh pmay,Ofaus;r+rsm;
ysuq f D;aysmufuG,f&jcif;onf r[mArmppftm%m&l;wpk. tpDtpOfwus enf;AsL[majrmuf zdESdyf
zsufqD;r+a-umifh[k vG,fvifhwul aumufcsufcsvsif rSefuefvdrrfh nfr[kwfacs? rpGrf;&if;uvnf;&Sd
uefZeG f;cif;uvnf;nd qdkonfhykHjyifu,fhodk hacsmfvJa&mxdkif t&Sufajyajymqdk &dk;pGyfaejcif;omjzpfyg
onf? pma&;oltaejzifh em;vnfrdonfrSm u&ifhpmayESifh,Ofaus;r+"avhxkH;pHrsm;onf jrefrmppf
tm%m&Siftqufquf. zsufqD;azsmufzsufjcif;udkcHcJh&onfrSm rSefuefaomfvnf; xdktcsufwck
wnf;a-umifhr[kwfacs? rdrdwdk hukd,fwdkif tav;rjyK*&krxm;r+ wefb;dk xm;av;pm;&aumif;rSef;rodr+
xdef;odrf;az:xkwf&aumif;rSef;rodr+wdk ha-umifhvnf; rdrdwkd hudk,fydkifpmay,Ofaus;r+rsm; wdrfaumy
aysmuf&jcif;onf wdrfjrKwfuG,faysmuf&jcif; tajccHta-umif;tcsufajrmufrsm;pGmwGif wcsufyg0ifyg
onf? tm;remwrf;ajymygawmhrnf?

acgif;}uD;rSmykHESpfykHygvmw,f tJ'DrSm trsKd ;orD;ESpfa,mufayghAsm ya'gifrav;ESpfa,mufaygh yk*HwGify

a'gifwidk f;&if;om;ud-k unf&h +Edkif_yD pmvk;H }uD;}uD;eJ h_yD;awmhatmufem;av;rSm teDa&mifav;eJ h EkdifiHjcm;
om;jzpfygu-unf&h +cGifh ok;H a':vm owfrSwfxm; aemf tJ'DrSm xl;qef;wJo
h wW0g ESpfa,muf a&mufwJh
ykHpHrsdK;eJ hausmfjimxm;wm tJ'g arsmufyGJjyovdkyJ ausmfjimxm;wmvnf; udEM&DudEM&mrSqif; ouf
aygufzGg;vm-uonf [k,kH-unf-uaom u,m;wdkif;&if;om;tEG,f0if ya'gifwdkif;&if;om;rsm;tm; yk*H
a'o wGi-f unfh&+Edkif_yDjzpfa-umif; owif;&&SdonfwJhaemf vmwmudu k -unf&h +EdkifonfwJh 'D[meJ hywf
oufvdk h 'DrsufESmpmay:rSmwifcGifh&wJu h dpP usaemftJwmtHh-owm pmaypdppfa&;awGu 'grsdK;awG
aemufaemif t aotjcmav;vkyfbdk haumif;ygw,f olwdk hudkjzwfoef;_yD;rS 'D*sme,f awGbmawG
xGufvm&wmud;k ?
Tpum;pkonf jrefrmppftpdk;&.cGifhjyKcsufjzifh xkwfa0onfh *sme,fwck.ausmfjimESifhywfoufI
wdik f;&if;om;wOD;. qENoabmxm;jzpfygonf? u&ifujdk ywmrSr[kwfwm taeom}uD;[k ab;xdkif
aeIrjzpf vl htcGifhta&;csdK;azgufr+udpP&yfonf vlom;qefaomvlwkid f;ESifhqdkifygonf? xdk htwltrd f
em;eD;csif;wtdrftdrfwGif &mZ0wfr+wckck ay:aygufvm_yDqkyd gvsif tqdyk gjy\emonf r-umrDtawm
twGif; rdrdtdrfokd hcsif;eif;0ifa&mufay:aygufvmEdkifygonf?
vGefcJhonft h wdwfumvwckjzpfonf? xdkif;EdkifiHESifhjrefrmEdkifiHe,fpyfteD; xdkif;bufjcrf;&Sd'kuQonfpcef;
wckukd (DKBA)rS 0ifa&mufrD;&d+ hjcif;udkcHcJh&_yD;aemuf rdwfaqGwOD;udk tqdkygjzpf&yftwGuf rdrdwdk hESifh
twl yg0ifqENjy&efajymqdkaqG;aEG;cJh&m tqdkygrdwfaqGu igonfbmoma&;tvkyfudkom pdw0f ifpm;
onf EdkifiHa&;qefaomvkyf&yfrsm;udk pdwfr0ifpm;ojzifh qENjyjcif;vkyf&yfudk vkH;0yg0ifywfoufvpdk dwf
r&Sda-umif; igwdk honfxdkif;EdkifiHtwGif; 'kuQonfb0jzifhaexdkif-u&onfhtav#muf tdrf&SifEdkifiH.pdwf
taESmifh,Sujf zpfaprnfh rnfonfv h kyf&yfrsdK;udkrqdk rvkyfoifha-umif;ajymqdkum qENjyyGJudkyifwm;qD;
ydwyf ifonfo h abmrsdK;ajymqdkygawmhonf? pma&;oltygt0if vltchsdKqENjyyGJudk atmifjrifpGmjyKvkyf
EdkifcJh-uygonf? odk haomf'kwd,t}udrfxyfrHrD;&d+ hypfcwfowfjzwfjcif;udk cHvkduf&jyefaomtcg tqdkyg
bmoma&;q&m.tdrfonfvnf; rD;xJygoGm;ygawmhonf? qdkvo dk nfrSm tm;vk;H onfb0wlvlom;
rsm;jzpf-uonft h m;av#mfpGm wlnDaomtusdK;&v'frsm;udk xyfwlxyfr#r[kwfonfhwidk f tenf;ESifht
rsm; wdu k f&dkufjzpfap oG,f0dkuI
f jzpfap wenf;enf;jzifh yg0ifywfoufxdcdkufcHpm;-u&rnfomwnf;?
usaemfhudk,fwdkiftjrifuawmh 'gawGvkyfwmroifhav#mfbl;usaemfxifw,f bmjzpfvdk hvnf;qdkawmh
usaemfwdk h&Jhvlom;&JhoduQmayghaemf tJ'gudkxdyg;w,fvdk hajym&r,f bmvdk hxyd g;vJqdkawmh usaemfwdk h
vkyfwJhtJ'Dusaemfwdk h,Ofaus;r+[mol h[mol&aSd ew,f udk,fh&Jh,Ofaus;r+[m udk,fh[mud, k f xdef;odrf;
ae-uw,f tJ'Dvdkjzpfwht J cgusawmh 'Dvdkwd&dp>mef&kHvdkvdk [dk b,fvdkac:rvJ jywdu
k fvdkvdkvkyfwmu
usaemfwdk h&Jhwdkif;&if;om;tajctaeudkoabmraygufbl;vdk hyJusaemfoabmxm;w,f oabmrayguf
wmxufoabmraygufcsifbl; aiG&vsif_yD;a&mqdk_yD;r# vlawGudk ykHpHawGoGif; _yD;awmhaiG&atmif,lr,f
qdkwJh tJ'Dpdwf[musaemfxifw,fodrfzsOf;w,fAs wu,fyJ usaemfwkd h&JhwOD;csif;pD&Jh &oifhwJhtcGifht
a&;awGudkvnf;jzwfpm;cl;pm; tJ'Dvkrd sdK;vkyfoGm;wJo h abmrsdK;vnf;jzpfw,fayghaemf
usaemftJvdkyJjrifyg w,f?
txufygpum;pkonf u&ifeDtrsdK;om;pma&;q&mwOD;. ,Ofaus;r+ESifhywfoufI jrefrmppftm%m
&SiftkyfpktjyKtrlESifhvkyf&yftay: ol.tjrifoabmxm;udk owif;Xmewckodk hajym-um;xm;csufukd
a&;om;az:jyvdkufjcif;jzpfygonf?u&ifhtrsdK;om;,Ofaus;r+ESifhywfoufI pma&;ol.tjrifudkwifjyvdk
ygonf? tchsdKaomu&ifrsm;onf rdrdwdk h.trsdK;om;,Ofaus;r+udk wefb;dk xm;&aumif;rSef;rodonfht
jyif xdef;odrf;&efrqdkxm;ESifh tjrwftpGef;&onhfpD;yGg;a&;vkyfief;wckobG,f vkyfaqmif}uHpnfae-u
onf udk pdwfraumif;pGm -um;odvdkuf&onft
h cg tm;remwrf;ajym&ef vdktyfaomtcsdefumvwck
a&mufae_yD[kqdkcsifygonf?
e,fpyf'kuQonfpcef;Y aecJhpOfu (reDvKGd if jrefrmausmif;om;rsm;pcef;) vlwOD;ajymcJhbl;aompum;udk
pma&;oltrSw&f aerdygonf? usKyfom cifAsm;vdk'kH;q&mjzpfvkd hu awmhvm; wwd,EdkifiHudka&mufvsif
tJ'Du tjzLawGeJ haygif;_yD; tca-u;aiG,l_yD; 'kH;vdkufur,fAs [laompum;jzpfygonf? Tum; u&if
eD trsfdK;om;pma&;q&majymonfh pum;jzifhajym&vsif tvGefodrfzsOf;aompdwfoabmxm;[k ajymjzpf
rnfxifygonf? vlrsdK;jcm;jzpfonfhjrefrmu wdik f;&if;om;&dk;&m,Ofaus;r+udk pD;yGg;a&;a&mif;ukefw&yft
jzpf owfrSwaf pmfum;zsufqD;onfrSm obm0usygonf? r[mqefvkdaompdwfa-umifh vlrsdK;jcm;wdkif;
&if;om;rsm;udk zdESdyftEdkifusifh ,kwfrm&ufpuf npfywfaumufuspf qdk;oGrf;vk,uf paomenf;rsm;
acwftqufqufusifo h kH;vmcJhonf usifoh kH;aeonf qufvufusifho;kH aeOD;rnf udk em;vnfay;Edkif
aumif; em;vnfay;Edkifrnfjzpfaomfvnf; rdrdu&iftcsif;csif;ay:Y xdo k dk haomtvm;wlpdwfxm;rsdK;
arG;-uolrsm;udrk l rnfodk hem;vnf&rnfudk pma&;oltaejzifh rpOf;pm;wwfatmifjzpf&ygonf?
Tae&mwGif tvsOf;oifhItenf;i,f&Sif;jyvdkygonf? pma&;olonf 'kH;q&mwa,mufr[kwjf cif;yif
jzpfygonf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf pma&;ol.om;ESifhorD;u a0;ygh igwdk hi,fi,fwkef;ueifoifay;cJhwJh
'kH;u 'Dv'dk Dvk}d uD;aemf vdk hajym&if; u jy&if; &D(&,f)-uygonf? pma&;olvnf; &Suf&Sujf zifholwdk hESifht
wl a&m(&D)&,fvu dk f&if; vl}uD;yDyD pum;Edkifvkvu dk fygonf? rif;wdk hu tckusrS ighukv
d majymaewm w
u,fqdk igomtJ'Dwkef;urif;wdk hudkoifray;cJhbl;qdkvsif tckrif;wdk hudk oifay;aewJ'h kH;q&m taeeJ h
rif;wdk hudk tckvkdtvG,fwuloifay;vdk h&rSmr[kwfbl;uG/ pnf;vnf;em;rvnf 0g;vnf;em;rvnf
xdo k dk ht&Sufajyajymvdu k fjcif;jzifh rdrdonf'kH;q&mr[kwfonfrSm xif&Sm;aeygonf?
ydkrdkxif&Sm;aponft
h csufrSm pma&;oltm;tacsmufwu
dk f txif}uD;_yD; 'kH;q&m[kowfrSwfaomol
xifjrifaeaomolonf u&ihf,Ofaus;r+ESifhtvGefa0;uGmjcm;em;onfh u&iftodik f;t0dkif;rS vljzpfvm&
aom u&ifwa,mufjzpfaeaoma-umifhjzpfygonf?
oifwef;wckY oifwef;q&mu vlrsdK;jcm;(tjcm;vl)wa,muf,mufu udk,fhuzdk dESdyfaewmxuf udk,fh
ud,
k fudk zdESdyfaewmutqdk;qkH;yJ [kajymum avSmifchsdKiftwGif;rSiSufESifh tjyifwGif usufpm;aeonfh
iSuwf dk huOdk yrmrsm;ay;um rdrdudk,fudk zdESdyfaeonfht&mrsm;udkjrif&ef tus,fw0ifh&Sif;vif;ydk hcsav
.? tjyifrSiSufonf vGwfvyfpGmysHoef;v#uf rdrd0rf;pmudk udk,t fh m;udk,fudk;I &SmazGpm;aomufum
iSufwdk h.bmombm0twdik f; ysHoef;&if;aoqkH;-u.? avSmifchsdKiftwGif;rSiSufrSmrl tjyifodk hysHxu G fEidk f
&ef avSmiftdrfwHcg;rsm; jyLwif;aygufrsm;yGifhaeaomfvnf; tjyifrxGufwwfatmifjzpfav.?
tjyifxGufv#iftpma&qm&SmazGpm;aomuf&efcufrnf rdrdxuftaumif}uD;aomiSufrsm;.udkujf zwf
pm;aomufjcif;udkcH&vdrfhrnf paompdk;&drfpdwrf sm;jzifh avSmiftdrftwGif;Yyifaoav.?
tzdESdyfcH&I rwf;dk wufonfyJvm; rdrdukd,fudk rdrdzdESdyfIrwdk;wufonfyJvm;qdkonfudk twdtusr
ajymEdkifaomfvnf; xdfkt&mESpfckteuf wckodk hr[kwf ESpfckpvkH;a-umifh odk hr[kwf onfxufydkonfht
a-umif;t&mrsm;a-umifhrwd;k wufyJedrfhusaejcif;jzpfaumif;jzpfayvdrfhrnf? odk haomfu&iftcsif;csif;pk
pnf;nDnGwf&eftwGurf Smrlum; ,ckvuf&Sdpkpnf;aeonfhtajctaexuf rsm;pGmpkpnf;&efvt dk yfae
ao;onfudk u&ifwidk f;todtrSwfjyK-urnfrSmtrSef{uefyifjzpfonf?
pnf;vkH;nDnGwfa&;udk vdkvm;ygonfqdkaom yk*~dKvfwOD;u Todk hjrGuf-um;ygonf?
tjcm;enf;vrf;xufydkaumif;wmu igwdk hwawGpnf;vkH;nDnGwfa&;udk ,Ofaus;r+eJ h pkpnf; -ur,fa[h
u|wuf |wfu|wf pma&;oltaejzifhxkdoludk tvGefoem;rdygawmhonf?
tm;emaoma-umifhol hpum;udk axmufcHjcif;rjyKcJhou,fhodk h uef huGufjcif;udk rjyKcJhrdaaomfvnf;
aemifa&S ha&;udak wG;um vlysdKodk;}uD;u,fhodk htm;remawmhyJaxmufjyvdyk gonf? ,Ofaus;r+tEkynm
udk azsmfajza&;[koabmydkufxm;olrsm; xl;uJ rGefjrwfI txl;wvnfwefbkd;&Sdonfh ae hxl;ae hjrwf
wdk hukd aysmfyGJ&$ifyGJtjzpfoabmydkufum xif&mpdkif;Iwapmufuef;vkyfolrsm;a-umifh u&ifhtrsdK;om;
,Ofaus;r+ESifh rjzpfraexdef;odrf;tyfaomtpOfvmaumif;wdk honf vlrsdK;jcm;rSvma&mufzsufqD;&efr
vdyk J ysufqD;wdrfaumawmhrnf yaysmufawmhrnfjzpfonfudk txl;owdcsyf&efvdkyg.?
u&ifhtrsdK;om;ae hxl;ae hjrwfrsm;udk okH;ckaygif;Iwae hwnf;jyKvkyf-ujcif;/ tjcm;trsdK;om;wdk h.t
rsdK;om;ae hrsm;ESifh,SOfwGJ aygif;pnf;jyKvkyf-ujcif;/ tcsdeftcgausmfveG fIjyKvkyf-ujcif;/ Tvkyf&yfrsm;
onf tpOfvm}uD;rm;vSonfh rdrdwdk h. trsdK;om;a&; ae hx;l ae hjrwfrsm;udk odrfEkwfaponfomru
jrifhjrwfonft h cef;tem;udw k efb;dk xm;av;pm;jcif; r&Sda-umif;udkoufaojy&ma&mufaponfhtjyif
aysmfyGJ&$ifyGJxuf rydkapa&;twGuf tpDtpOfwusjyKvkyfusif;yonf[k ajymvsif&Edkifayvdrfhrnf?
u&iftzGJ htpnf;.acgif;aqmiftjzpf rdrdudk,fudkcH,lxm;oltchsdKu tcef;tem;wGifaw;oDcsif;oDqdkyGJ
rsm;udk _ydKifyGJw&yftjzpfjyKvkyf&mY rdrd&dk;&m,Ofaus;r+ut dk av;xm;oa,mifa,mifjzifh vuf&Sdrdrdae
xdik fcdkv+Haeonfh EdkifiH.,Ofaus;r+jzifh rdrdwkd h,Ofaus;r+udk arS;rdSefatmifjyKvkyfwwf-ujyefygonf? (San
Francisco wGif February 26, 2011 Saturday ) ae hY u&iftrsdK;om;ESpfopful;yGJusif;yrnfjzpfa-umif;
owif;&&Sdygonf?

tchsdKu ezl;pnf;pmwrf;rsm;a&;om;&mY ta&;tom;rsm;udk topftqef;oabmrsdK;avm wrif&nf

&G,fIavm rnfonfo h abmxm;jzifha&;om;onfudk wdwdususrcef hrSef;Edkifaomfvnf; xdt
k a&;t
om;rsm;onf u&iftrsdK;om;xkw&yfvkH;udk tvGef&dkif;pdkif;apmfum;onft
h a&;tom;rsm; jzpfonf[k
ajymvdyk g.? xdkxdkTTaom ta-umif;tcsif;t&mwdk hukdaxmuf&+vsif u&iftrsdK;om;xkudk trsdK;
om;,Ofaus;r+jzifh pkpnf;rnfqdkaom awG;q}uHpnfor#taumiftxnfaz:Edkif&efta&;rSm &wufr
at;bG,fjzpfaeygonf?

,Ofaus;r+yaysmufrnfudk pdk;&drfaoma-umifh t}uHjyKpmudk Unpo rS atmufygtwdkif;a&;om;t}uHjyK

xnfhoGif;xm;ygonf?
Unpo.tpD&ifcHpmY trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ hcsKyftygt0if wdkif;&if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;ESifh awG hqkH
aqG;aEG;&ef wEdkifiHvkH;twdkif;twmjzifhtypf tcwf&yfpJ&ef EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;udkv$wfay;&ef jref
rmppftpdk;&udk tqdkjyKonf? xdk htwl wdkif;&if;om;rsm;tay:vl htcGifhta&;csdK;azgufr+rsm;ud&k yfypf&ef
ESifh aemufaemif xdo k dk haom jzpf&yfrsm;ray:aygufapa&; cdkifcef honfhapmifh-unfhpepfrsm; tzGJ ht
pnf;rsm;xm;&Sd&eft}uHjyKonf?
tvGeftm;&0rf;ompGmjzifh }udKqdktyfonfh vdkufemaqmif&Gufoifhonfh t}uHjyKcsufrsm;jzpfygonf?
cdkifcef honfhapmifh-unfhpepfrsm; cdkifcef honfhapmifh-unfth zGJ htpnf;rsm; xkESifhxnfESifh tifESifhtm;ESifh
tvk;H t&if;ESifhrnfr#yif apmifh-unfhxdef;odrf;aeapumrl az:jyyg wapmufurf;vkyf&yfrsm; tdk;eif;cGuf
eif; vkyf&yfrsm;tm; wdkif;&if;om;wdk hudk,fwikd f txl;0daoo jyKvdkonfrSm u&ifvlrsdK;rsm;udk,fwdkifrjyK
jyifEdkifao;or# jyKjyif&efrpOf;pm;ao;or# rdrdwdk hu&ifpmayESifh,Ofaus;r+ESifhwuG trsdK;om;a&;vkyf
ief;wd;k wufa&;ESifh ywfoufqufEG,faeonfht&mrsm;tm;vk;H wdk honf tvsiftjrefjzpfxGef;ay:ayguf
&eftvdk hiSm rsm;pGmtm;xkwf}udK;yrf;&ef vdt k yfae_rJvtdk yfaeOD;rnfomjzpfa-umif; tm;empGmjzifh a&;
om;wifjyvdkuf&ayownf;?
usef;rmcsrf;om-uygap?
rif;pdk;pH
ta0;a&muf u&if'kuQonfwOD;