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    Whooping Cough

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    Salaxar Senpai
    Whooping cough is caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. It has three stages - an initial catarrhal stage resembling a cold, followed by a paroxysmal stage with severe coughing fits that can end in a "whoop" sound, and finally a convalescent stage where the cough subsides. Complications can include pneumonia, brain damage, and even death. Risk factors include age under 1 year old and lack of vaccination. Treatment focuses on antibiotics, supportive care, and prevention through DTaP immunization.

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    Whooping Cough

    Uploaded by

    Salaxar Senpai
    2K views19 pages
    Whooping cough is caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. It has three stages - an initial catarrhal stage resembling a cold, followed by a paroxysmal stage with severe coughing fits that can end in a "whoop" sound, and finally a convalescent stage where the cough subsides. Complications can include pneumonia, brain damage, and even death. Risk factors include age under 1 year old and lack of vaccination. Treatment focuses on antibiotics, supportive care, and prevention through DTaP immunization.

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    Whooping cough is caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. It has three stages - an initial catarrhal stage resembling a cold, followed by a paroxysmal stage with severe coughing fits that can end in a "whoop" sound, and finally a convalescent stage where the cough subsides. Complications can include pneumonia, brain damage, and even death. Risk factors include age under 1 year old and lack of vaccination. Treatment focuses on antibiotics, supportive care, and prevention through DTaP immunization.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2K views19 pages

    Whooping Cough

    Uploaded by

    Salaxar Senpai
    Whooping cough is caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. It has three stages - an initial catarrhal stage resembling a cold, followed by a paroxysmal stage with severe coughing fits that can end in a "whoop" sound, and finally a convalescent stage where the cough subsides. Complications can include pneumonia, brain damage, and even death. Risk factors include age under 1 year old and lack of vaccination. Treatment focuses on antibiotics, supportive care, and prevention through DTaP immunization.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    The key takeaways are that whooping cough is caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis and has three stages - catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent. It can cause complications like pneumonia, convulsions, and even death in severe cases. Treatment involves antimicrobial therapy, supportive care, and vaccination.

    The three stages of whooping cough are: 1) the catarrhal stage with mild cold-like symptoms, 2) the paroxysmal stage with severe coughing fits, and 3) the convalescent stage where the cough slowly goes away.

    Some potential complications of whooping cough include pneumonia, convulsions, seizures, nose bleeds, ear infections, brain damage from lack of oxygen, slowed or stopped breathing, mental retardation, and bleeding in the brain.

    Whooping Cough

    PERTUSSIS
    (Whooping Cough)
    LEARNING OBJECTIVE
     Understand about the whooping cough
     Explain the sign and symptom of whooping

    cough
     Explain the complication of whooping cough
     Explain the risk factor of whooping cough
     Explain the pathophysiology of whooping cough

     Explain the investigation of whooping cough


     Provide management for patient with whooping

    cough
     List the nursing diagnosis of whooping cough
    DEFINTION
    •Whooping cough (pertussis) is an
    acute,highly contagious respiratory
    infection that is caused by the
    bacterium Bordetella pertussis.

    Produces tenacious mucus with


    varying stages of the disease
    progressing with a characteristic cough
    and fever to chocking and fatalities.
    SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
     There are three stages of the disease.

    Stage one (lasts 1 - 2 weeks): Catarrhal Phase


     Upper respiratory infection. Can be

    mistaken for the common cold


     Slight fever (less than 100.4° F)
     Loss of appetite
     Very runny nose
     Sneezing
     Mild, occasional cough
    Stage two (lasts 1 - 6 weeks): Paroxysmal Phase
     Cough gets worse (2 - 50 times a day) and coughing

    spells last longer


     Cough may end with a “whooping” sound as the

    person tries to draw a breath (however, not all people


    have the “whoop” sound)
     Sudden intense bouts of coughing (paroxysms) can

    cause bulging and tearing eyes, tongue sticking out,


    and bluish discoloration
     Vomiting or choking may follow coughing bouts
     Pneumonia may develop.

    Stage three (lasts 2 weeks to several months):


    Convalescent Phase
     Cough slowly goes away away
    Complication
    pneumonia Nose bleeds convulsions

    Mental retardation Slowed or stopped


    breathing (apnea)

    Brain damage from Seizure disorder


    lack of oxygen (permanent)

    Bleeding in the brain


    Ear infections Death (cerebral
    hemorrhage)
    RISK FACTOR
     Predisposing Factors  Precipitating
     Bacteria
    Bordetella pertusssis (gram Factors
    negative)  Age Group:
     Transmission :

    Direct contact or droplet from Infant(who are not


    infected person ; indirect
    contact with freshly
    fully immunized)
    contaminated articles
     Incubation period :

    6-20 days, usually 7-10days


     Period of communicability:

    greatest during catarrhal stage


    before onset of paraxysms
    The rod-shape Bordetta pertussis bacteria (shown above in
    green )lodge themselves in the cilia of the respiratory tract.
    They are spread in droplets from cough and sneezes. A
    person with pertussis is contagious from the cold
    symptoms appear. The contagious period lasts up 3 weeks
    after coughing spells begin.
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    Bortella Pertussis attaches to and
    multiplies on the respiratory epithelium

    Spread in the nasopharynx and end


    primarily in the bronchi and
    bronchioles

    Bacteria attacks the cillia

    Damage ciliated respiratory epithelium

    Causes inflammation of the respiratory


    tract
    Mucus production

    Narrowing of the
    respiratory tract
    Coughing

    Air moves to
    narrowed spaces

    Breathing
    Difficulties Whooping sound
    INVESTIGATION

     Clinical history : Coughing for about 2 weeks with


    whoop, paraxysms , posttusives vomitting
     Isolation of Bordetella pertussis from a clinical

    specimen (culture positive), or


     Positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for

    B. pertussis DNA.
    NURSING MANAGEMENT
     Isolation during catarrhal stage : if hospitalized ,
    institute respiratory precaution.
     Maintain bed rest as long as fever present.
     Provide restful environment and reduce factor that
    promote paraxysms e.g dust
     Encourage fluid ; offer small amount of fluid frequently.
     Provide high humidity ; suction gently but often to
    prevent choking on secretions.
     Observe for sign airway obstruction (increased
    restlessness , cyanosis)
     Involved public health nurse if the child care at home.
    MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
     Antimicrobial therapy (e.g erythromycin)
     Administer of pertussis immune globulin

    Supportive treatment
     Hospitalization required for infant , children who

    are dehydrated or those who have complications.


     Bed rest
     Adequate fluids
     Intubation possibly necessary
     Increase oxygen intake and humidity
    PREVENTION
     Whole cell pertussis vaccine (DTP)
     Pertussis can be prevented with the pertussis vaccine,

    which is part of the DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular


    pertussis) immunization.This vaccine is 70-90%
    effective
     DTaP immunizations are routinely given in five doses

    before a child's sixth birthday


     The vaccination cannot be given to persons seven years

    of age or older
     Immunity from the childhood vaccination series lasts

    for about ten years


    Immunity wears off the time

    VACCINATION
    NURSING DIAGNOSIS
     Ineffective airway clearance r/t mucus production
    2º pertussis
     Ineffective breathing pattern r/t narrowing of

    respiratory tract
     Imbalanced nutrition : less than body requirement

    r/t posttusive vomitting 2º pertussis


     Altered body temperature : hyperthermia r/t

    invasion of Bordetella pertussis agent in the


    respiratory endothelium
    REFERRENCES
     Chaudhry R, Nagpaul-Chaudhry I, Buchta WG,
    Kircher KJ, Sampathkumar P. The prevention
    and treatment of pertussis.Manag Care
    Interface. 2007;20(2):43-6.
     Raguckas SE, VandenBussche HL, Jacobs C,

    KlepserME. Pharmacotherapy. 2007;27(1):
    41-52.

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