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Telecommunication and Networks (MIS)

This document provides an overview of telecommunications and networks. It discusses trends in telecommunications, internet networking technologies, wireless technologies, the business value of networks, and components of telecommunications networks. Major topics covered include the internet, intranets, extranets, wide area networks, local area networks, virtual private networks, client/server networks, peer-to-peer networks, transmission media, wireless technologies, and telecommunications processors.

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Sumit Kumar
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100% found this document useful (2 votes)
3K views40 pages

Telecommunication and Networks (MIS)

This document provides an overview of telecommunications and networks. It discusses trends in telecommunications, internet networking technologies, wireless technologies, the business value of networks, and components of telecommunications networks. Major topics covered include the internet, intranets, extranets, wide area networks, local area networks, virtual private networks, client/server networks, peer-to-peer networks, transmission media, wireless technologies, and telecommunications processors.

Uploaded by

Sumit Kumar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Telecommunications

and Networks
Learning Objectives
 Understand the concept of a network
 Identify major developments and trends in the industries,
technologies, and business applications of telecommunications
and Internet technologies
 Provide examples of the business value of Internet, intranet, and
extranet applications
 Identify the basic components, functions, and types of
telecommunications networks used in business
 Explain the functions of major components of
telecommunications network hardware, software, media, and
services
 Identify the various transmission media

Telecommunications and Networks 2


Telecommunication Trends

Telecommunications and Networks 3


Telecommunications-Based
Services

Telecommunications and Networks 4


Internet Networking Technologies
 Internet networking technologies are being
used as technology platform
 Web browser suites
 HTML Web page editors
 Network management software
 Firewalls
 Being applied in Internet, intranet, and
extranet applications
 Reinforces previous move toward client/server
networks based on open-systems architecture

Telecommunications and Networks 5


Wireless Technologies
 Radio Frequency
 Bluetooth
 Infra Red
 Satellite Transmission

Telecommunications and Networks 6


Value of Telecommunications
Networks

Telecommunications and Networks 7


The Internet Revolution
 The Internet has become a global information
superhighway
 Millions of smaller, private networks operating
independent of, or in harmony with, each
other
 10 servers in 1991 to over 46 million today
 Sustained growth in excess of 1 million
servers per month
 No central computer system
 No governing body
 Based on common standards
Telecommunications and Networks 8
Internet Applications
 Most popular Internet applications and uses
 E-mail
 Instant messaging
 Browsing the Web
 Newsgroups
 Chat rooms
 Publish opinions, subject matter, creative work
 Buy and sell
 Downloading (data, software, reports, pictures,
music, videos)

Telecommunications and Networks 9


Business Use of the Internet

Telecommunications and Networks 10


Business Value of the Internet

Telecommunications and Networks 11


The Role of Intranets
 Many companies have sophisticated and
widespread intranets, offering…
 Detailed data retrieval
 Collaboration
 Personalized customer profiles
 Links to the Internet
 Intranets use Internet technologies
 Web browsers and servers
 TCP/IP network protocols
 HTML publishing and databases

Telecommunications and Networks 12


Intranets
 Intranets are protected by…
 Passwords
 Encryption
 Firewalls
 Customers, suppliers, and other business
partners can access an intranet via extranet
links

Telecommunications and Networks 13


Business Value of Intranets
 Intranets support
 Communications and collaboration
 Business operations and management
 Web publishing
 Intranet portal management

Telecommunications and Networks 14


Intranets as Information Portals

Telecommunications and Networks 15


Extranets
 Network links that use Internet technologies to
connect the intranet of a business to the
intranets of another
 Virtual Private Networks
 Direct private network links, or private secure
Internet links between companies
 Unsecured Extranet
 Link between a company and others via the
Internet, relying on encryption of sensitive
data and firewall security systems

Telecommunications and Networks 16


Extranet Connectivity

Telecommunications and Networks 17


Business Value of Extranets
 Web browser technology makes customer and
supplier access to intranets easier and faster
 Another way to build and strengthen strategic
relationships
 Enables and improves collaboration between a
business, customers, and partners
 Facilitates online, interactive product development
and marketing

Telecommunications and Networks 18


Telecommunications Network Model
 A telecommunications network is any
arrangement where
 A sender transmits a message
 To a receiver
 Over a channel
 Consisting of some sort of medium

Telecommunications and Networks 19


Telecommunications Network
Components
 Terminals
 Any input/output device that uses networks
to transmit or receive data
 Telecommunications processors
 Devices that support data transmission,
reception
 Telecommunications channels
 Media over which data are transmitted,
received
 Computers
 All sizes and types
Telecommunications and Networks 20
Types of Communications
Networks
 Primary types of communications networks
 Wide Area
 Local Area
 Virtual Private
 Client/Server
 Peer-to-peer

Telecommunications and Networks 21


Wide Area Network (WAN)
 Telecommunication network that covers a large
geographic area

Telecommunications and Networks 22


Local Area Network (LAN)
 Connects
computers
within a limited
physical area,
such as an
office,
classroom, or
building

Telecommunications and Networks 23


Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
 Used to establish secure intranets and extranets
 The Internet is the main backbone network
 Relies on network firewalls, encryption, and
other security features to build a “pipe”
through the Internet
 Creates a private network without the high
cost of a separate proprietary connection

Telecommunications and Networks 24


Virtual Private Network

Telecommunications and Networks 25


Client/Server Networks
 Clients
 End user personal computers or networked
computers
 Servers
 Used to manage the networks
 Processing
 Shared between the clients and servers
 Sometimes called a two-tier architecture
 Larger computer systems are being replaced with
multiple client/server networks

Telecommunications and Networks 26


Client/Server Network

Telecommunications and Networks 27


Peer-to-Peer Networks
 Central Server Architecture
 P2P file-sharing software connects all PCs
to a central server
 When a PC requests a file, the server
searches
all active peers on the network
 The server sends the requesting PC a list of
links to all active peers who have the file
 Clicking a link connects the two PCs and
automatically transfers the file to the
requesting PC
Telecommunications and Networks 28
Telecommunications Media
 Twisted-Pair Wire
 Ordinary telephone wire
 Copper wire is twisted
into pairs
 Coaxial Cable
 Sturdy copper or
aluminum wire wrapped
with spacers to insulate
and protect it
 Fiber-Optic Cable
 One or more hair-thin
filaments of glass
fiber wrapped in a
protective jacket
Telecommunications and Networks 29
Wireless Technologies
 Terrestrial Microwave
 Earthbound microwave systems transmit
high-speed radio signals
 Follows a line-of-sight path between relay systems
spaced about 30 miles apart
 Communications Satellites
 Serve as relay stations
 Use microwave radio signals
 Earth stations beam signals to the satellites
 Not suitable for interactive, real-time processing

Telecommunications and Networks 30


Wireless Technologies
 Cellular and PCS Telephone and Pager Systems
 Geographic areas are divided into cells
 Each cell has a low-power transmitter or radio relay
antenna
 Computers and other communications processors
coordinate and control the transmissions to and from
mobile users
 Wireless LANS
 Uses wireless radio-wave technology to
connect PCs within an office or a building
 Can be high-frequency, similar to digital
cellular, or low frequency (spread spectrum)

Telecommunications and Networks 31


Wireless Technologies
 Bluetooth
 Short-range wireless technology
 Connects PCs to devices, such as a printer
 Fairly low cost to implement
 Other Wireless Systems
 Cellular phones
 Mobile radio
 PDAs
 Telecommunications networks now play vital and
pervasive roles in
 Web-enabled e-business processes
 Electronic commerce
 Enterprise collaboration
 Other applications that support business operations,
management, and strategic objectives
Telecommunications and Networks 32
Telecommunications Processors
 Modems
 The most common type of communications
processor
 Converts a digital signal to an analog
frequency that can be transmitted over phone
lines, then back into a digital signal
 Modulation and demodulation

Telecommunications and Networks 33


Inter-Network Processors
 Switch… makes connections between
telecommunications circuits in a network
 Router… intelligent communications processor
that interconnects networks based on different
protocols
 Hub… a port-switching communications
processor
 Gateway… connects networks with different
communications architectures

Telecommunications and Networks 34


Communications Processors

Telecommunications and Networks 35


Communications Processors
 Multiplexer… allows a single communications
channel to carry simultaneous data
transmissions from many terminals
 In time division multiplexing (TDM), the
multiplexer divides the time each terminal can
use the high-speed into short time slots
 Multiplexers increase the number of
transmissions possible
 Does not increase the number of physical
data channels

Telecommunications and Networks 36


Network Topologies
 Topology - The structure of a network
 Star Network - Ties end user computers to a central
computer
 Ring Network - Ties local computer processors together
in a ring on a relatively equal basis
 Bus Network - Local processors share the same
communications channel
 Mesh Network - Uses direct communications lines to
connect some or all of the computers in the ring to
each other

Telecommunications and Networks 37


Network Topologies

Telecommunications and Networks 38


OSI and TCP/IP Models
 Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model
 A seven-layer model that serves as a
standard model for network architectures
 Model for how messages should be
transmitted between two points in a network
 Each layer adds functions
 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP)
 A five-layer telecommunications protocol used
by the Internet

Telecommunications and Networks 39


OSI and TCP/IP Models

Telecommunications and Networks 40

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