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Logic Gates

Logic gates are physical models of Boolean functions that take one or more logic inputs and produce a single logic output. They are commonly implemented electronically using transistors. All logic gates like AND, OR, NOT, XOR, and XNOR can be created using networks of only NAND or NOR gates. Historically, NAND gates were easier to construct and served as the first building blocks of digital logic. There are 16 possible Boolean functions for two variables, each defined by their truth table.

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166 views3 pages

Logic Gates

Logic gates are physical models of Boolean functions that take one or more logic inputs and produce a single logic output. They are commonly implemented electronically using transistors. All logic gates like AND, OR, NOT, XOR, and XNOR can be created using networks of only NAND or NOR gates. Historically, NAND gates were easier to construct and served as the first building blocks of digital logic. There are 16 possible Boolean functions for two variables, each defined by their truth table.

Uploaded by

Sehrish Hasan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LOGIC GATES

A logic gate is a physical model of a Boolean function, that is, it performs a logical operation on one or
more logic inputs and produces a single logic output. Logic gates are primarily implemented
electronically using diodes or transistors, but can also be constructed using electromagnetic relays (relay
logic), fluidic logic, pneumatic logic etc.

All other types of Boolean logic gates (i.e., AND, OR, NOT, XOR, XNOR) can be created from a suitable
network of NAND gates. Similarly all gates can be created from a network of NOR gates. Historically,
NAND gates were easier to construct from MOS technology and thus NAND gates served as the first
pillar of Boolean logic in electronic computation. For an input of 2 variables, there are 16 possible
boolean algebraic functions. These 16 functions are enumerated below, together with their outputs for
each combination of inputs variables.

AND
INPUT OUTPUT
A B A AND B
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
OR A + B

INPUT OUTPUT
A B A OR B
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
NOT
INPUT OUTPUT
A NOT A
0 1
1 0
NAND

INPUT OUTPUT
A B A NAND B
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

NOR

INPUT OUTPUT
A B A NOR B
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
XOR INPUT OUTPUT
A B A XOR B
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

INPUT OUTPUT
A B A XNOR B
XNOR or
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

A 0 0 1 1
INPUT Meaning
B 0 1 0 1

OUTPUT FALSE 0 0 0 0 Whatever A and B, the output is false. Contradiction.

A AND B 0 0 0 1 Output is true if and only if (iff) both A and B are true.

A 0 0 1 1 True whenever A is true.

B 0 1 0 1 True whenever B is true.

A XOR B 0 1 1 0 True iff A is not equal to B.

A OR B 0 1 1 1 True iff A is true, or B is true, or both.

A NOR B 1 0 0 0 True iff neither A nor B.

A XNOR B 1 0 0 1 True iff A is equal to B.

NOT B 1 0 1 0 True iff B is false.

NOT A 1 1 0 0 True iff A is false.

A NAND B 1 1 1 0 A and B are not both true.


TRUE 1 1 1 1 Whatever A and B, the output is true. Tautology.

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