Gas Insulaled Switchyard (Gis)

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GAS INSULALED SWITCHYARD (GIS)

Introduction
TYPES OF SWITCHYARD
 AIS (Air Insulated
Switchyard)

 GIS (Gas Insulated


Switchyard)
What is GIS ?
GIS is metal-enclosed switchgear in which the
insulation is obtained by an insulating gas other than air
at atmospheric pressure

Insulating Gas Sulphur Hexafluoride(SF6) gas has


excellent dielectric properties and is used as the
insulating medium between energized parts and the
metal encapsulation.
Background

Constraints in space availability in urban areas


and hilly terrain as well as increasing volume of
city distribution networks led to evolution of GIS
technology.
GIS was first introduced in 1965.
Reliability, Compactness, Economic Advantages
has resulted in widespread applications
GIS technology widely accepted and employed
all over the world.
SF6 Gas
 SF6 is an excellent dielectric medium. Under comparable
conditions, its dielectric strength is more than twice that
of air.
 SF6 is an excellent arc-quenching medium, for the three
following reasons :
- SF6 high dissociation energy efficiently cools down the
arc,
- the fluor ions resulting from dissociation are highly
electronegative and seize quickly the free electrons.
These are ineffective as current carriers.

- the very fast recombination of dissociated SF6


molecules allows very severe voltage recoveries.
Dielectric Properties of SF6 Gas
PROPERTIES OF SF6
Heavy chemically inert non toxic gas
Colourless and odourless and non flammable
No poisonous effect on human body, but decomposition products are harmful.
It is gaseous at normal room temperatures and pressures
Density 6.16 g/l at 20 º C and 760 torr. (about 5 times the density of air).
Critical temperature 45.6 º C and can be liquified by compression
Liquification temperature under normal conditions is 27ºC at a pressure of
12 kg/sq.cm
This gas is highly stable. No permanent deterioration of the gas. Stability of the
gas is such that it shows no sign of Chemical Change at temperatures well above
those at which switch oil begins to oxidize and decompose.
Dielectric properties of SF6 remains unchanged even at low temperatures.

Contd…
PROPERTIES OF SF6
• Decomposition occurs on exposure to electric arc but the dissociation products
being the lower order fluoride gases SF2 and SF4 (these largely recombine on
cooling) plus some metallic fluoride in the form of an insulating powder. This and
any remaining gases can be readily absorbed by actuated alumina in suitably
placed filters.
MERITS OF GIS
 COMPACTNESS
 HIGHER RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY
 NEGLEGIBLE MAINTENANCE
 ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY
 LOWER ERECTION TIME
 SAFETY
 LOW LIFE CYCLE COST
COMPACTNESS
 Compact dimensions.
 Land requirement is 10-
20% of AIS.
 Saving in land depends
upon voltage level.
 May be installed in middle
of load centre of urban or
industrial area.
Impact of insulating medium on size of the
switchyard

Voltage Level Bay width Bay width


AIS GIS
132 kV 12 m 1m

220 kV 18 m 2m

400 kV 27 m 3.6 m

765 kV 51.5 m 6.5 m


Single line diagram of a 765 kV
Switchyard
765 kV Swyd. With 1 and half breaker scheme
Size of AIS = 451m X 355m, 10 Bays
765 kV Swyd. With 1 and half breaker scheme
Size of GIS = 151m X 295m, 10 Bays
Comparision (Typical)

 Area (AIS) = 451m X 355m = 160105 m2


 Area (GIS) = 151m X 295m = 44545 m2
 Reduction in space = 72 %
 This can further downsized if we replace the
one and half breaker scheme in AIS with double
bus scheme in GIS as reliability (as availability of
GIS with double bus is even better than AIS with
one and half breaker scheme)
GIS and AIS size comparison in NTPC
Projects
Tapovan Vishnugad HEPP
  520MW Koldam HEPP 800MW
Length 114 m 250m
Width 18m 240m
5624m2 (2052m2
Area +3572m2) 60000m2

No of Bays 7 9

Area /Bay 803 6666.66

Scheme Double Bus Breaker and Half


Area reduction in
Percentage( per bay) 88 %
Example of Replacement of a Substation

Existing AIS substation (72kV-1200kA, 2 X 15MVA)

After replacement (Gas Insulated Substation)


REPLACEMENT/UPGRADATION
 GIS can be used for replacement of AIS in
the event of growing power demand
without the additional land requirements.

 Space for existing 8-10 bay 132 KV AIS


could be easily utilized for upgrading to
14-18 bays 220 KV / 400KV GIS.
RELIABILITY & AVAILABILITY
 Less failure/ maintenance
as exposure of live
components to weather is
eliminated.
 Almost nil maintenance
upto 10 years.
 Due to enclosed bus bar,
bus faults are minimal.
Maintenance
 Due to the tightly-sealed enclosures, GIS need
minimum maintenance and therefore regarded
as maintenance-free under normal operating
conditions.
 Visual inspection is carried out bay by bay
without any need for outages or the opening of
gas compartments.
 Major inspection is not required before atleast
10 years of operation.
Erection and Commissioning
Quick installation and erection is facilitated
because of :

 Delivery of the GIS bays in easy-to-handle


factory assembled modular units.

 Use of relatively few special tools for erection.


 Small number of system components
Contd……
Commissioning:

 Pre commissioning activities are not significant as the equipments


are pre tested at factory.

 Take less time to check all switching devices and electrical circuits.

 All flanges are double-checked for tightness especially those fitted on


site.

 High voltage test done on primary circuit.

 All tests are performed in accordance with IEC standards.


SAFETY
 The metal encapsulated GIS provides
high degree of safety for operator and
other personnel due to the fact that , it is
impossible to touch any live part of
switchyard.
 GIS equipments are built up in
compartments and isolated from each
other. This prevents spreading of failure.
Environmental Impact
 SF6 has a high material-based global warming potential
(GWP) and is included in the “six gas basket of the
Kyoto Protocol”.

 Research shows that the total worldwide emissions of


SF6 contribute only about 0.1 percent of the overall
anthropogenic greenhouse effect. This includes both the
SF6 emissions from the use in electricity transmission
and distribution systems (about 70-80 % of the global
SF6 production) and those from all other uses.
Environmental Impact
 The direct contribution of SF6 to greenhouse gas
emissions is relatively low and the advantages of a
reliable electrical system outweigh these negatives.
 Lower system losses and less materials required during
manufacture reduce the life cycle carbon emissions,
potentially offsetting the negative effects of SF6.
 Various life cycle analysis which considers materials,
manufacture, ohmic losses and SF6 emissions shows
that overall GIS contributes 30% less to global warming
than AIS.
TECHNO-ECONOMIC
FEASIBILITY OF GIS
 Initial equipment cost is higher.

 Merits/ Considerations in respect to higher


initial equipment expenditure makes GIS
techno-economic feasible.
Contd……
 Life cycle of GIS is about 50 years, where as for AIS life
cycle is 25 years.
 Approximate cost per bay for 400 KV of GIS & AIS is as
follows:
- GIS 7-8 crores
- AIS 4-5 crores.
Hence initial cost of GIS is approximately
1.5-1.7 times that of AIS.
 When all merits over the life cycle of GIS is considered
then GIS becomes techno-economic feasible than AIS.
LIFE CYCLE COST OF GIS
Switchgear Solution AIS GIS
Life Cycle cost    
Planning and Engineering 100% 80%

Real estate 100% 40%


Primary equipment 100% 150%
Earthwork, civil work, structures 100% 60%

Electrical assembly and erection 100% 70%

Maintenance 100% 50%


Outage 100% 50%
Life cycle costs after 10 years 100% 71%
Components of GIS
 Circuit breakers
 Isolators
 Current Transformers
 Voltage transformers
 Surge arrestors
 GIS bushings
 GIS bus bars
300 KV GIS Substation
APLICATION OF GIS
 Underground and over ground power
houses
 Grid substations
 Distribution sub stations in metros
 Refineries/chemical plants
 Near sea coast, Polluted areas, Desert etc.
GIS Switchyard Layouts
Layout Plan of Tapovan Switchyard
GIS Hall
Section of Tapovan Transformer &
GIS Hall
Isometric View of Transformer hall and GIS
Floor
TAPOVAN POTHEAD YARD
Cross Section of Parbati HEPP
Cross Section of Lower Subansari
HEPP
Manufacturers of GIS
 AREVA, FRANCE
 SIEMENS, GERMANY
 ABB, SWITZERLAND
 HYOSUNG, KOREA
 HITACHI, JAPAN
 TOSHIBA, JAPAN
CONCLUSION

 GIS is getting acceptance on account of technical merits.


 Excellent adoptability due to Low space requirement and
high dielectric strength of SF6 gas.
 Safety to operators and equipment.
 Short erection and commissioning time.
 Reduced requirement of maintenance.
 Initial cost of GIS is higher than AIS, but when all merits
and life cycle cost of GIS is considered then GIS
becomes techno-economic feasible than AIS.
THANK YOU

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