Create Create: '01 ', 'Ma ', '19 '), '20 '), 'To ', 'PR ')
Create Create: '01 ', 'Ma ', '19 '), '20 '), 'To ', 'PR ')
-- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ('01','Jason', 'Martin', to_date('19960725','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('20060725','YYYYMMDD'), 1234.56, 'Toronto', 'Programmer')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('02','Alison', 'Mathews', to_date('19760321','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('19860221','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78, 'Vancouver','Tester')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('03','James', 'Smith', to_date('19781212','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('19900315','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78, 'Vancouver','Tester')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('04','Celia', 'Rice', to_date('19821024','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('19990421','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78, 'Vancouver','Manager')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('05','Robert', 'Black', to_date('19840115','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('19980808','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78, 'Vancouver','Tester')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('06','Linda', 'Green', to_date('19870730','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('19960104','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78,'New York', 'Tester')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('07','David', 'Larry', to_date('19901231','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('19980212','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78,'New York', 'Manager')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('08','James', 'Cat', to_date('19960917','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('20020415','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78,'Vancouver', 'Tester')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTI
ON
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------
------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programme
r
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2334.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 2334.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 2334.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- Using the BETWEEN ... AND operator for Date
SQL>
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Employee
3 WHERE Salary BETWEEN 2000 AND 3000;
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTI
ON
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------
------
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2334.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 2334.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 2334.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
7 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
Use the ALL operator in a WHERE clause to compare a value with all of the values in a list
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ('01','Jason', 'Martin', to_date('19960725','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('20060725','YYYYMMDD'), 1234.56, 'Toronto', 'Programmer')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('02','Alison', 'Mathews', to_date('19760321','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('19860221','YYYYMMDD'), 6661.78, 'Vancouver','Tester')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('03','James', 'Smith', to_date('19781212','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('19900315','YYYYMMDD'), 6544.78, 'Vancouver','Tester')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('04','Celia', 'Rice', to_date('19821024','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('19990421','YYYYMMDD'), 2344.78, 'Vancouver','Manager')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('05','Robert', 'Black', to_date('19840115','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('19980808','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78, 'Vancouver','Tester')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('06','Linda', 'Green', to_date('19870730','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('19960104','YYYYMMDD'), 4322.78,'New York', 'Tester')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('07','David', 'Larry', to_date('19901231','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('19980212','YYYYMMDD'), 7897.78,'New York', 'Manager')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('08','James', 'Cat', to_date('19960917','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('20020415','YYYYMMDD'), 1232.78,'Vancouver', 'Tester')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTI
ON
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------
------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programme
r
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- Use the ALL operator in a WHERE clause to compare a value with all of
the values in a list.
SQL>
SQL> -- You must place an =, <>, <, >, <=, or >= operator before ALL.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM employee
3 WHERE salary > ALL (2000, 3000, 4000);
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTI
ON
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------
------
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ('01','Jason', 'Martin', to_date('19960725','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('20060725','YYYYMMDD'), 1234.56, 'Toronto', 'Programmer')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('02','Alison', 'Mathews', to_date('19760321','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('19860221','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78, 'Vancouver','Tester')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('03','James', 'Smith', to_date('19781212','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('19900315','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78, 'Vancouver','Tester')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('04','Celia', 'Rice', to_date('19821024','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('19990421','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78, 'Vancouver','Manager')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('05','Robert', 'Black', to_date('19840115','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('19980808','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78, 'Vancouver','Tester')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('06','Linda', 'Green', to_date('19870730','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('19960104','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78,'New York', 'Tester')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('07','David', 'Larry', to_date('19901231','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('19980212','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78,'New York', 'Manager')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,
End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('08','James', 'Cat', to_date('19960917','YYYY
MMDD'), to_date('20020415','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78,'Vancouver', 'Tester')
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTI
ON
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------
------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programme
r
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2334.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 2334.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 2334.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- AND operator joins two or more conditions in one query
SQL>
SQL> SELECT ID, City, First_Name, Last_Name FROM Employee
2 WHERE City ='New York' AND Salary > 500;
ID CITY FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME
---- ---------- ---------- ----------
06 New York Linda Green
07 New York David Larry
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Employee
3 WHERE Salary BETWEEN 2000 AND 3000;
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM employee
3 WHERE salary > ALL (2000, 3000, 4000);
SQL> SELECT ID, City, First_Name, Last_Name FROM Employee
2 WHERE City ='New York' AND Salary > 500;
SQL> SELECT * FROM employee WHERE start_date > '01-JAN-1990' OR id < 2 AND fir
st_Name LIKE '%e';
SELECT *
2 FROM employee
3 WHERE salary > ANY (2000, 3000, 4000);
SQL> DELETE FROM employee
2 WHERE salary >
3 (SELECT AVG(salary)
4 FROM employee);
SQL> UPDATE order_status
2 SET status = DEFAULT
3 WHERE order_status_id = 2;
update gift
2 set deliver_date = register_date + 10,
3 message = 'OCP'
4 where gift_id = 301;
SQL> INSERT INTO project(pro_id, pro_name, budget)VALUES (1005, 'VPN',415000);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> SET ECHO ON
SQL> UPDATE project
2 SET budget = 1000000
3 WHERE pro_id = 1006
4 /
0 rows updated.
SQL> delete from Employee where Salary > 3000;
SQL> delete
2 from employees
3 where job_id = 'DBA';
SQL> BEGIN
2 INSERT INTO emp (empno, hiredate)
3 VALUES (53, SYSDATE);
4 END;
5 /
SQL> INSERT INTO room(whn,wht,who)
2 SELECT DATE '2006-07-13','Ballroom','Miss. Scarlet'
3 FROM dual
4 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT who FROM room
5 WHERE whn = DATE '2006-07-13'
6
SQL> update employee set city = 'BOSTON';
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE is_a_set_example AS
2 TYPE charTable IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(10);
3 emp1 charTable;
4 result BOOLEAN;
5 BEGIN
6 emp1 := charTable('A', 'B', 'C', 'D');
7 result := emp1 IS A SET;
8 IF result THEN
9 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Elements are all unique');
10 ELSE
11 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Elements contain duplicates');
12 END IF;
13 END is_a_set_example;
14 /
SQL> insert into MyTable ( event_name, event_date ) values ( '9i', DATE '2001-
10-11' );
SQL> BEGIN
2 UPDATE employee
3 SET salary = salary *2
4 WHERE id = '12';
5
6 IF SQL%NOTFOUND THEN
7 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No rows updated. 12 does not exist');
8 END IF;
9 END;
10 /
SQL> DECLARE
2 myLecturerID NUMBER(5) := 10000;
3 myFirstName VARCHAR2(20);
4
5 BEGIN
6 SELECT first_name
7 INTO myFirstName
8 FROM lecturer
9 WHERE id = myLecturerID;
10 BEGIN
11 INSERT INTO myLogTable (info)
12 VALUES ('Hello from a nested block!');
13 END;
14 EXCEPTION
15 WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
16 BEGIN
17 INSERT INTO myLogTable (info)
18 VALUES ('Student 10,000 does not exist!');
19 EXCEPTION
20 WHEN OTHERS THEN
21 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error inserting into myLogTable!');
22 END;
23 END;
24 /