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Mathematics Guide

The document provides formulas and explanations for calculating the areas and volumes of basic shapes like triangles, rectangles, circles, cylinders, cones, as well as discussing Pythagorean theorem, quadratic equations, logarithms, and the unitary method. Formulas are given for finding the area of triangles, rectangles, parallelograms, trapezoids, circles, as well as the surface areas and volumes of rectangular solids, cylinders, and cones. Examples are also provided to demonstrate how to apply these formulas to solve related math problems.

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87 views6 pages

Mathematics Guide

The document provides formulas and explanations for calculating the areas and volumes of basic shapes like triangles, rectangles, circles, cylinders, cones, as well as discussing Pythagorean theorem, quadratic equations, logarithms, and the unitary method. Formulas are given for finding the area of triangles, rectangles, parallelograms, trapezoids, circles, as well as the surface areas and volumes of rectangular solids, cylinders, and cones. Examples are also provided to demonstrate how to apply these formulas to solve related math problems.

Uploaded by

sunny_billah
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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c 

Areas and Volumes


Triangle

Area: ½ x base x height

base

Pythagoras͛ Theorem:
A

B C

Suppose you have to find out one side of a triangle, with the other two sides given. They you can use the
formula given below.

BC2 = AB2 + AC2

Area of a triangle according to given sides:

a b

మ
ඥ ‫ݏ‬ሺ‫ ݏ‬െ ܽ ሻሺ‫ ݏ‬െ ܾ ሻሺ‫ ݏ‬െ ܿሻ
Where s = ½ x a x b x c

a, b and c are the sides of a triangle


Area of a box

Length x Width x Height

Circumference of a circle

C=2xʋxr or ʋxd

where r is the radius and d is the diameter.

Area of a circle

r    

Area = ʋ x r2
Area and Perimeter of Rectangle

Perimeter = 2L + 2W or 2(L + W)

Area = L * W

Area of Parallelogram

Area = b * h

Area of Trapezoid
Area = ½ x (a + b) x h

Volume and Surface Area of a Rectangular Solid

Volume = Lx W x H
Surface Area = 2(L*W + H*W + H*L)

Volume and Surface Area of a Right Circular Cylinder

Volume = ʋ x r 2 x h
Surface Area = 2 x ʋ x r x h

Volume and Surface Area of a Right Circular Cone


Volume = Ы x ʋ x r 2 x h
Surface Area = ʋ x r x я(r 2 + h 2)



Read the ratios section on page 49 (proportional parts). The example will be enough to explain
you the matter. If not, I will show you and clarify you the things.

c  c
Factors
ab + ac = a(b + c)

a2 ʹ b2 = (a ʹ b) (a + b)
a2 ʹ 2ab + b2 = (a ʹ b) (a ʹ b)
a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b) (a + b)
a2 ʹ b2 has no factors

Quadratic equation:

When there is a middle term breaking you cannot solve, you can use the following formula to
find the values of x:

Suppose the equation is:

ax2 + bx + c = 0

The formula will be:

െܾ േ ξܾ െ Ͷܽܿ
l
ʹܽ

Example:

3x2 ʹ 5x + 6 = 0

Now we have to determine the value of a, b and c.

a = 3, b = -5, c = 6.
Now put the values in the equation provided and then you will get two values for x. Remember,
there is a ± sign, meaning that there will be a part where u have to add (+) and deduct (-). A
clear example is given in pg. 110 of the ordinary level book.

Log 10 x = y

Middle number = x
Base = 10
Right had side = y

Middle number = base right hand side

Unitary Method:

Example:
Q: It takes 10 boys to build 5 rooms. The next day 2 boys take leave. Thus how many rooms will
the rest of the boys make?

A: 10 boys make 5 rooms


1 boy makes 5/10 rooms = ½
Therefore:
8 boys make ½ x 8 = 4 rooms

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