Centre Number Candidate Number Name

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

International General Certificate of Secondary Education
CHEMISTRY 0620/03
Paper 3
October/November 2003

1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, Centre number and candidate number at the top of this page.
Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Answer all questions.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 12.

For Examiner’s Use

1

2
If you have been given a label, look at the
details. If any details are incorrect or 3
missing, please fill in your correct details
in the space given at the top of this page. 4

Stick your personal label here, if 5

provided.
TOTAL

This document consists of 10 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

SP (SM) S34684/4
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1 Ammonia contains the elements nitrogen and hydrogen. It is manufactured from these elements
in the Haber process.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

The forward reaction is exothermic.

(a) (i) Nitrogen is obtained from liquid air by fractional distillation. Why does this technique
separate liquid oxygen and nitrogen?

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Name two raw materials from which hydrogen is manufactured.

...............................................................................................................................[3]

(b) The table shows how the percentage of ammonia in the equilibrium mixture varies with
pressure at 600 °C.

percentage ammonia 8 12 15 20

pressure/atm 200 300 400 500

(i) Explain why the percentage of ammonia increases as the pressure increases.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) How would the percentage of ammonia change if the measurements had been made
at a lower temperature?
Explain your answer.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) State two of the reaction conditions used in the Haber Process.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

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(c) Ammonia is a base.

(i) Name a particle that an ammonia molecule can accept from an acid.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Write an equation for ammonia acting as a base.

...............................................................................................................................[3]

(d) Given aqueous solutions, 0.1mol/dm3, of sodium hydroxide and ammonia, describe how
you could show that ammonia is the weaker base.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

(e) Another compound that contains nitrogen and hydrogen is hydrazine, N2H4.

(i) Draw the structural formula of hydrazine. Hydrogen can form only one bond per
atom but nitrogen can form three.

(ii) Draw a diagram that shows the arrangement of the valency electrons in one
molecule of hydrazine. Hydrazine is a covalent compound.
Use x to represent an electron from a nitrogen atom.
Use o to represent an electron from a hydrogen atom.

[3]

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2 Some of the factors that can determine the rate of a reaction are concentration, temperature
and light intensity.

(a) A small piece of calcium carbonate was added to an excess of hydrochloric acid. The
time taken for the carbonate to react completely was measured.

CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

The experiment was repeated at the same temperature, using pieces of calcium carbonate
of the same size but with acid of a different concentration. In all the experiments an
excess of acid was used.

concentration of
acid / mol dm–3 4 2 2 ……….

number of pieces
of carbonate 1 1 2 1

time / s ………. 80 ………. 160

(i) Complete the table (assume the rate is proportional to both the acid concentration
and the number of pieces of calcium carbonate). [3]

(ii) Explain why the reaction rate would increase if the temperature was increased.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) Explain why the rate of this reaction increases if the piece of carbonate is crushed
to a powder.

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(iv) Fine powders mixed with air can explode violently. Name an industrial process
where there is a risk of this type of explosion.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Sodium chlorate(I) decomposes to form oxygen and sodium chloride. This is an example
of a photochemical reaction. The rate of reaction depends on the intensity of the light.

2NaClO(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + O2(g)

(i) Describe how the rate of this reaction could be measured.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

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(ii) How could you show that this reaction is photochemical?

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Photosynthesis is another example of a photochemical reaction. Glucose and more

complex carbohydrates are made from carbon dioxide and water.

(i) Complete the equation.

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + ……….. [2]

(ii) Glucose can be represented as

HO OH

Draw the structure of a more complex carbohydrate that can be formed from
glucose by condensation polymerisation.

[2]

3 Zinc blende is the common ore of zinc. It is usually found mixed with an ore of lead and
traces of silver.

(a) (i) Describe how zinc blende is changed into zinc oxide.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Write an equation for the reduction of zinc oxide by carbon.

...............................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) The boiling point of lead is 1740 °C and that of zinc is 907 °C. Explain why, when
both oxides are reduced by heating with carbon at 1400 °C, only lead remains in
the furnace.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

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(b) A major use of zinc is to make diecasting alloys. These contain about 4% of aluminium
and they are stronger and less malleable than pure zinc.

(i) Give one other large scale use of zinc.

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Describe the structure of a typical metal, such as zinc, and explain why it is
malleable.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[3]

(iii) Suggest why the introduction of a different metallic atom into the structure makes
the alloy stronger than the pure metal.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

(c) A solution of an impure zinc ore contained zinc, lead and silver(I) ions. The addition of
zinc dust will displace both lead and silver.

(i) The ionic equation for the displacement of lead is as follows.

change 1

Zn(s) + Pb2+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + Pb(s)

change 2

Which change is reduction? Explain your answer.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between zinc atoms and silver(I) ions.

...............................................................................................................................[2]

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4 Esters occur naturally in plants and animals. They are manufactured from petroleum. Ethyl
ethanoate and butyl ethanoate are industrially important as solvents.

(a) (i) Explain the term solvent.

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Give the formula of ethyl ethanoate.

[1]

(iii) Ethyl ethanoate can be made from ethanol and ethanoic acid. Describe how these
chemicals can be made.

ethanol from ethene

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

ethanoic acid from ethanol

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

(iv) Name two chemicals from which butyl ethanoate can be made.

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The following equation represents the alkaline hydrolysis of a naturally occurring ester.

C17H35 CO2 CH2 CH2OH

C17H35 CO2 CH + 3NaOH 3C17H35COONa + CHOH

C17H35 CO2 CH2 CH2OH

(i) Which substance in the equation is an alcohol? Underline the substance in the
equation above.

[1]

(ii) What is the major use for compounds of the type C17H35COONa ?

...............................................................................................................................[1]
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(c) A polymer has the structure shown below.

C C O O

O O

(i) What type of polymer is this?

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Complete the following to give the structures of the two monomers from which the
above polymer could be made.

[2]

(d) Esters are frequently used as solvents in chromatography. A natural macromolecule

was hydrolysed to give a mixture of amino acids. These could be identified by
chromatography.

(i) What type of macromolecule was hydrolysed?

..................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) What type of linkage was broken by hydrolysis?

..................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Explain why the chromatogram must be sprayed with a locating agent before the
amino acids can be identified.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(iv) Explain how it is possible to identify the amino acids from the chromatogram.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

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5 Sulphur dioxide, SO2, and sulphur trioxide, SO3, are the two oxides of sulphur.

(a) Sulphur dioxide can kill bacteria and has bleaching properties. Give a use of sulphur
dioxide that depends on each of these properties.

(i) ability to kill bacteria .............................................................................................[1]

(ii) bleaching properties .............................................................................................[1]

(b) Sulphur trioxide can be made from sulphur dioxide.

(i) Why is this reaction important industrially?

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Complete the word equation.

sulphur dioxide + ……………….……………………… → sulphur trioxide [1]

(iii) What are the conditions for this reaction?

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Sulphur dioxide is easily oxidised in the presence of water.

SO2 + 2H2O – 2e– → SO42– + 4H+

(i) What colour change would be observed when an excess of aqueous sulphur
dioxide is added to an acidic solution of potassium manganate(VII)?

...............................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) To aqueous sulphur dioxide, acidified barium chloride solution is added. The mixture
remains clear. When bromine is added, a thick white precipitate forms. What is the
white precipitate? Explain why it forms.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[3]

(d) Sulphur dioxide reacts with chlorine in an addition reaction to form sulphuryl chloride.

SO2 + Cl2 → SO2Cl2

8.0 g of sulphur dioxide was mixed with 14.2 g of chlorine. The mass of one mole of
SO2Cl2 is 135 g.

Calculate the mass of sulphuryl chloride formed by this mixture.

Calculate the number of moles of SO2 in the mixture = ………………

Calculate the number of moles of Cl2 in the mixture = ………………

Which reagent was not in excess? ………………………….

How many moles of SO2Cl2 were formed = ……………….

Calculate the mass of sulphuryl chloride formed = …………. g [5]

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 DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Group
I II III IV V VI VII 0
1 4
H He
Hydrogen Helium
1 2

7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulphur Chlorine Argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
12

85 88 89 91 93 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

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Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

133 137 139 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
55 56 57 * 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

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Fr Ra Ac
Francium Radium Actinium
87 88 89 †

140 141 144 150 152 157 159 162 165 167 169 173 175
*58-71 Lanthanoid series
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
†90-103 Actinoid series Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
a a = relative atomic mass 232 238
Key X X = atomic symbol Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
b b = proton (atomic) number 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).